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The United States Post Office and Courthouse, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma is a historic post office, courthouse, and Federal office building built in 1912 and located at Oklahoma City in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma. It previously served as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, and of the United States Court of Appeals, briefly housing the Eighth Circuit and, then the Tenth Circuit for several decades. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It continues to house the Bankruptcy court for the Western District of Oklahoma. The building includes Moderne and Beaux Arts.
Post Office, Courthouse, and Federal Office Building | |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
 U.S. Post Office and Courthouse | |
   | |
| Location | 215 Dean A McGee Ave., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 35°28′16″N 97°31′1″W / 35.47111°N 97.51694°W |
| Area | 2 acres (0.81 ha) |
| Built | 1912 |
| Architectural style | Beaux Arts, Moderne |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001665 |
| Added to NRHP | August 30, 1974 |
Building history
The United States Post Office and Courthouse was the first monumental structure in Oklahoma City and served as an anchor for future federal development. Plans for the construction of the building began in 1903 when Congress appropriated funds for a downtown facility. Due to the region's rapid growth, original funding was insufficient and additional money was allotted in 1906, 1908, and 1910. It was the first federal building constructed in Oklahoma, which became a state only five years prior to the building's 1912 completion.
As a courthouse, the building housed the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. In 1926, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit began using the building, until the Courts of Appeals were reorganized in 1929, and Oklahoma was placed in the Tenth Circuit. The Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit met here from 1929 until 1962.
Two important cases were decided in this building. George "Machine Gun" Kelly, a notorious outlaw of the Prohibition era, was found guilty of kidnapping Oklahoma City oilman and millionaire Charles F. Urschel. Kelly was sentenced in 1933 to life in prison and sent to Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay. Kelly's trial was the first in the nation to allow sound and picture equipment in a federal courtroom. In 1949, the case of McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents was heard. The court's decision desegregated graduate schools in Oklahoma.
The building is part of a Federal complex that included a separate courthouse constructed in 1959 and the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. In April 1995, a terrorist bomb destroyed the Murrah building causing tragic injuries and fatalities. Portions of the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, most notably the tower, were damaged by concussions from the blast. Repairs were made to windows, ceiling tiles, and lights. Today, the site of the bombing is the Oklahoma City National Memorial. A new federal building is located several blocks north of the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse.
The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. In 1992, the U.S. General Services Administration completed a restoration of significant interior spaces. The restoration was recognized with awards from the Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office and the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Although the post office relocated in 1966, the building continues to function in its historic capacity as a federal courthouse and office building.
Architecture
This landmark building was designed the Office of the Supervising Architect of the U.S. Treasury Department under James Knox Taylor. The building was constructed in 1912 in the Beaux Arts Classicism style. This style of architecture was commonly used for important public buildings from the end of the 19th century until the early years of the 20th century. The building's symmetry, monumental form, balustrade, and pilasters (attached columns) are characteristic of Beaux Arts Classicism. The original portion of the building is three stories tall and faced with limestone. Pediments, arched openings, and shallow balconies are other notable components of the facade. The roof is covered with red tiles.
The original building was enlarged on two separate occasions. In 1919, an addition that doubled the building size was constructed on the west side of the original building. The Office of the Supervising Architect was once again responsible for the design, which was executed in the Beaux Arts Classicism style to blend with the original portion of the building. The facility was enlarged again in 1932 when another addition was completed. Both additions were carried out by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. This second addition, located on the western end of the 1919 portion, once again respected the Beaux Arts Classicism of the earlier portions. As part of the 1932 expansion, a centrally placed tower was added over the 1919 addition. The tower features stylized decorative motifs that are characteristic of Art Deco architecture, which emphasizes the verticality of the design and incorporates Classical forms while minimizing ornate elements.
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Southwest corner -
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Northwest corner -
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South entrance -
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National Register of Historic Places plaque
The interior is as impressive as the exterior. In 1992, the U.S. General Services Administration restored major public spaces to their original splendor. The lobby, which runs the length of the building, contains a barrel-vaulted ceiling with arched openings that contain geometric, metal grilles. Also in the lobby, the patterned tile floor, green-and-gold starburst ceiling stencils, brass chandeliers, and bronze elevator doors were restored. Elaborate ceilings in the courtrooms, some of which contain skylights with grilles, were refurbished. An ornamental painted ceiling was added to the ninth-floor courtroom. Although the ceiling was shown as part of the architect's original design, it was not executed during construction in 1932.
Two murals near the main entrance were painted in 1935 as part of the Works Progress Administration program. Covered up during modernization work, the murals have since been restored. One depicts a Postal Service Pony Express rider seal, and the other is an image of the Great Seal of the United States.
The first floor lobby contains two paintings by that were installed in 1993. "Sunset Near the Chisholm Trail" symbolizes the cowboy heritage and agricultural significance of Oklahoma. "A View Near Tahlequah, Cherokee County" symbolizes the state's Native American legacy and natural beauty.
Significant events
- 1903: Initial plans made for a post office building in the Oklahoma Territory
- 1907: Oklahoma statehood
- 1912: U.S. Post Office and Courthouse completed
- 1919: First Addition to the original building completed
- 1932: Second addition, including the Art Deco tower, completed
- 1933: George "Machine Gun" Kelly trial
- 1949: McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents case decided
- 1974: U.S. Post Office and Courthouse listed in the National Register of Historic Places
- 1992: Restoration of the building completed
- 1995: Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombed
Building facts
- Location: 215 Dean A. McGee Avenue
- Architects: James Knox Taylor; James A. Wetmore
- Construction dates: 1912; 1919; 1932
- Restoration: 1992
- Landmark Status: Listed in the National Register of Historic Places
- Architectural Style: Beaux Arts Classicism with Art Deco Tower
- Primary Material: Limestone
- Prominent Features: Art Deco Tower; Restored First-Floor Lobby
References
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- "GSA - Find a Building". U.S. Post Office and Courthouse, Oklahoma City, OK : Building Overview. U.S. General Services Administration. August 24, 2009.
- Federal Judicial Center Historic Federal Courthouses on the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Attribution
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This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the General Services Administration.
Author: www.NiNa.Az
Publication date:
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The United States Post Office and Courthouse Oklahoma City Oklahoma is a historic post office courthouse and Federal office building built in 1912 and located at Oklahoma City in Oklahoma County Oklahoma It previously served as a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma and of the United States Court of Appeals briefly housing the Eighth Circuit and then the Tenth Circuit for several decades It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 It continues to house the Bankruptcy court for the Western District of Oklahoma The building includes Moderne and Beaux Arts Post Office Courthouse and Federal Office BuildingU S National Register of Historic PlacesU S Post Office and CourthouseShow map of OklahomaShow map of the United StatesLocation215 Dean A McGee Ave Oklahoma City OklahomaCoordinates35 28 16 N 97 31 1 W 35 47111 N 97 51694 W 35 47111 97 51694Area2 acres 0 81 ha Built1912Architectural styleBeaux Arts ModerneNRHP reference No 74001665Added to NRHPAugust 30 1974Building historyThe United States Post Office and Courthouse was the first monumental structure in Oklahoma City and served as an anchor for future federal development Plans for the construction of the building began in 1903 when Congress appropriated funds for a downtown facility Due to the region s rapid growth original funding was insufficient and additional money was allotted in 1906 1908 and 1910 It was the first federal building constructed in Oklahoma which became a state only five years prior to the building s 1912 completion As a courthouse the building housed the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma In 1926 the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit began using the building until the Courts of Appeals were reorganized in 1929 and Oklahoma was placed in the Tenth Circuit The Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit met here from 1929 until 1962 Two important cases were decided in this building George Machine Gun Kelly a notorious outlaw of the Prohibition era was found guilty of kidnapping Oklahoma City oilman and millionaire Charles F Urschel Kelly was sentenced in 1933 to life in prison and sent to Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay Kelly s trial was the first in the nation to allow sound and picture equipment in a federal courtroom In 1949 the case of McLaurin v Oklahoma State Regents was heard The court s decision desegregated graduate schools in Oklahoma The building is part of a Federal complex that included a separate courthouse constructed in 1959 and the Alfred P Murrah Federal Building In April 1995 a terrorist bomb destroyed the Murrah building causing tragic injuries and fatalities Portions of the U S Post Office and Courthouse most notably the tower were damaged by concussions from the blast Repairs were made to windows ceiling tiles and lights Today the site of the bombing is the Oklahoma City National Memorial A new federal building is located several blocks north of the U S Post Office and Courthouse The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 In 1992 the U S General Services Administration completed a restoration of significant interior spaces The restoration was recognized with awards from the Oklahoma State Historic Preservation Office and the Oklahoma Chapter of the American Institute of Architects Although the post office relocated in 1966 the building continues to function in its historic capacity as a federal courthouse and office building ArchitectureThis landmark building was designed the Office of the Supervising Architect of the U S Treasury Department under James Knox Taylor The building was constructed in 1912 in the Beaux Arts Classicism style This style of architecture was commonly used for important public buildings from the end of the 19th century until the early years of the 20th century The building s symmetry monumental form balustrade and pilasters attached columns are characteristic of Beaux Arts Classicism The original portion of the building is three stories tall and faced with limestone Pediments arched openings and shallow balconies are other notable components of the facade The roof is covered with red tiles The original building was enlarged on two separate occasions In 1919 an addition that doubled the building size was constructed on the west side of the original building The Office of the Supervising Architect was once again responsible for the design which was executed in the Beaux Arts Classicism style to blend with the original portion of the building The facility was enlarged again in 1932 when another addition was completed Both additions were carried out by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A Wetmore This second addition located on the western end of the 1919 portion once again respected the Beaux Arts Classicism of the earlier portions As part of the 1932 expansion a centrally placed tower was added over the 1919 addition The tower features stylized decorative motifs that are characteristic of Art Deco architecture which emphasizes the verticality of the design and incorporates Classical forms while minimizing ornate elements Southwest corner Northwest corner South entrance National Register of Historic Places plaque The interior is as impressive as the exterior In 1992 the U S General Services Administration restored major public spaces to their original splendor The lobby which runs the length of the building contains a barrel vaulted ceiling with arched openings that contain geometric metal grilles Also in the lobby the patterned tile floor green and gold starburst ceiling stencils brass chandeliers and bronze elevator doors were restored Elaborate ceilings in the courtrooms some of which contain skylights with grilles were refurbished An ornamental painted ceiling was added to the ninth floor courtroom Although the ceiling was shown as part of the architect s original design it was not executed during construction in 1932 Two murals near the main entrance were painted in 1935 as part of the Works Progress Administration program Covered up during modernization work the murals have since been restored One depicts a Postal Service Pony Express rider seal and the other is an image of the Great Seal of the United States The first floor lobby contains two paintings by that were installed in 1993 Sunset Near the Chisholm Trail symbolizes the cowboy heritage and agricultural significance of Oklahoma A View Near Tahlequah Cherokee County symbolizes the state s Native American legacy and natural beauty Significant events1903 Initial plans made for a post office building in the Oklahoma Territory 1907 Oklahoma statehood 1912 U S Post Office and Courthouse completed 1919 First Addition to the original building completed 1932 Second addition including the Art Deco tower completed 1933 George Machine Gun Kelly trial 1949 McLaurin v Oklahoma State Regents case decided 1974 U S Post Office and Courthouse listed in the National Register of Historic Places 1992 Restoration of the building completed 1995 Alfred P Murrah Federal Building bombedBuilding factsThe east end of the building being passed by a streetcar on the OKC Streetcar system Location 215 Dean A McGee Avenue Architects James Knox Taylor James A Wetmore Construction dates 1912 1919 1932 Restoration 1992 Landmark Status Listed in the National Register of Historic Places Architectural Style Beaux Arts Classicism with Art Deco Tower Primary Material Limestone Prominent Features Art Deco Tower Restored First Floor LobbyReferences National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service March 13 2009 GSA Find a Building U S Post Office and Courthouse Oklahoma City OK Building Overview U S General Services Administration August 24 2009 Federal Judicial Center Historic Federal Courthouses on the U S Post Office and Courthouse in Oklahoma City Oklahoma Attribution This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the General Services Administration Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Post Office Courthouse and Federal Office Building Oklahoma City