The 1856–57 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1856 and 1857, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.
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21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 32 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Know Nothing Gain Legislature failed to elect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States's two main political parties. The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began.
Results summary
Senate party division, 35th Congress (1857–1859)
- Majority party: Democratic (37–42)
- Minority party: Republican (20)
- Other party: American (4)
- Vacant: 1–0
- Total seats: 62–66
Change in composition
Before the elections
After the January 14, 1856 special election in Pennsylvania.
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 Ran | D27 Ran | D28 Ran | D29 Ran | D30 Ran | D31 Ran |
Majority → | D32 Ran | ||||||||
KN1 | V1 | V2 | V3 | D37 Retired | D36 Retired | D35 Unknown | D34 Unknown | D33 Unknown | |
FS2 Ran | FS1 | R11 Unknown | R10 Ran | R9 Ran | R8 | R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 |
W2 | W3 | W4 Unknown | W5 Retired | W6 Retired | W7 Retired | W8 Retired | R1 | R2 | R3 |
W1 |
As a result of the elections
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 Re-elected | D27 Re-elected | D28 Re-elected | D29 Re-elected | D30 Re-elected | D31 Re-elected |
Majority → | D32 Hold | ||||||||
FS1 | KN1 | KN2 Gain | V1 W Loss | V2 | V3 | V4 | D34 Gain | D33 Hold | |
R18 Gain | R17 Re-elected Diff. party | R16 Hold | R15 Re-elected | R14 Re-elected | R13 | R12 | R11 | R10 | R9 |
W2 | W3 | R1 Gain | R2 Gain | R3 Gain | R4 Gain | R5 Gain | R6 | R7 | R8 |
W1 |
Beginning of the next Congress
D1 | |||||||||
D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 |
D21 | D20 | D19 | D18 | D17 | D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 |
D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 | D31 |
Majority → | D32 | ||||||||
KN2 | KN3 Changed | KN4 Changed | V1 | D37 Gain | D36 Gain | D35 Gain | D34 Changed | D33 Changed | |
KN1 | R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 | R16 | R15 | R14 | R13 | R12 |
R2 Changed | R3 Changed | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 |
R1 Changed |
Key: |
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Race summaries
Elections during the 34th Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1856 or in 1857 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Pennsylvania (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected January 14, 1856. Democratic gain. |
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Missouri (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected January 12, 1857. Democratic gain. |
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California (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Incumbent was then elected January 13, 1857. Democratic gain. |
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Delaware (Class 2) | Joseph P. Comegys | Whig | 1856 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 14, 1857. Democratic gain. |
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Maine (Class 1) | Hannibal Hamlin | Democratic | 1856 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Maine. New senator elected January 16, 1857. Republican gain. Winner was not elected to the next term, see below. |
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Iowa (Class 3) | James Harlan | Free Soil | 1855 | Election invalidated January 5, 1857. Incumbent re-elected January 29, 1857 as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Indiana (Class 3) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected February 4, 1857. Democratic gain. |
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Races leading to the 35th Congress
In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1857; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
California | John B. Weller | Democratic | 1852 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Winner elected in 1856. Democratic hold. |
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Connecticut | Isaac Toucey | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1856. Republican gain. |
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Delaware | James A. Bayard Jr. | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected in 1857. |
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Florida | Stephen Mallory | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected in 1857. |
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Indiana | Jesse D. Bright | Democratic | 1844 1850 | Incumbent re-elected in 1856. |
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Maine | Amos Nourse | Republican | 1857 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1857. Republican hold. |
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Maryland | Thomas Pratt | Whig | 1850 (special) 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1856 or 1857. Know Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts | Charles Sumner | Free Soil | 1851 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1857 as a Republican. Republican gain. |
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Michigan | Lewis Cass | Democratic | 1844 or 1845 1848 (resigned) 1849 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in January 1857. Republican gain. |
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Mississippi | Stephen Adams | Democratic | 1852 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected in 1856 or 1857. Democratic hold. |
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Missouri | Henry S. Geyer | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1857. Democratic gain. |
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New Jersey | John Renshaw Thomson | Democratic | 1853 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1857. |
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New York | Hamilton Fish | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 3, 1857. Republican gain. |
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Ohio | Benjamin Wade | Republican | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected in 1856. |
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Pennsylvania | Richard Brodhead | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent lost re-election or retired. New senator elected January 13, 1857. Republican gain. |
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Rhode Island | Charles T. James | Democratic | 1850 or 1851 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1856. Republican gain. |
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Tennessee | James C. Jones | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent retired. Legislature failed to elect. Whig loss. Seat would remain vacant until October 8, 1857; see below. | [data missing] |
Texas | Thomas J. Rusk | Democratic | 1846 1851 | Incumbent re-elected in 1857. |
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Vermont | Solomon Foot | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected in 1856. |
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Virginia | James M. Mason | Democratic | 1847 (special) 1850 | Incumbent re-elected in 1856. |
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Wisconsin | Henry Dodge | Democratic | 1848 1851 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 23, 1857. Republican gain. |
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Elections during the 35th Congress
In these elections, the winners were elected in 1857 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New Hampshire (Class 3) | James Bell | Republican | 1855 | Incumbent died May 25, 1857. New senator elected June 27, 1857. Republican hold. |
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Tennessee (Class 1) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected October 8, 1857. Democratic gain. |
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South Carolina (Class 3) | Andrew Butler | Democratic | 1846 (appointed) ? (special) 1848 1854 | Incumbent died May 25, 1857. New senator elected December 7, 1857. Democratic hold. |
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Complete list of states
Maryland
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022) |
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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Anthony Kennedy won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.
New York
The New York election was held February 3, 1857, by the New York State Legislature. Whig Hamilton Fish had been elected in 1851 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1857.
In 1855, the Whig Party and the Anti-Nebraska Party merged in New York to form the Republican Party.
At the State election in November 1855, 16 Republicans, 11 Americans, 4 Democrats and 1 Temperance man were elected for a two-year term (1856–1857) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1856, 81 Republicans, 31 Democrats and 8 Americans were elected to the Assembly for the session of 1857. The 80th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 18, 1857, at Albany, New York.
Preston King was nominated by a caucus of Republican State legislators. King had been a Democratic congressman from 1843 to 1847, a Free Soil congressman from 1849 to 1853, and had joined the Republican Party upon its foundation at the State convention in September 1855. The convention nominated King for Secretary of State, but he was defeated by Joel T. Headley in a four-way race. Secretary of State Joel T. Headley was the candidate of the American Party. State Senator Daniel E. Sickles was the candidate of the Democratic Party.
In the Assembly the vote confirmed the party caucus selections. When State Senator Sickles received votes, the same objection to his eligibility was raised as was in 1833 regarding Nathaniel P. Tallmadge. This time, Speaker DeWitt C. Littlejohn ruled that the objection was "partially tenable and partially not so." However, the Speaker held that any member could vote for anybody, and only if the candidate received sufficient votes to win the election, a decision would be required. Otherwise, like in this case, the eligibility of an also-ran was irrelevant.
In the State Senate, only 24 votes were given. Zenas Clark (Rep.) and John B. Halsted (Rep.) were sick at home. (Rep.) paired with (Am.). Joseph H. Petty (Am.) was absent. William Kelly (Dem.), Mark Spencer (Dem.), and the Democratic candidate Sickles himself, declined to vote.
State Senator Justin A. Smith (Am.) raised the question if the vote for Sickles could be counted. A new State Constitution had been adopted in 1846, which had clarified the question of eligibility of State legislators. Smith quoted from the State Constitution: "No member of the Legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this State, or to the Senate of the United States, from the Governor, the Governor and Senate, or from the Legislature, during the term for which he shall have been elected; and all votes given for any such member, for any such office or appointment, shall be void." Lt. Gov. Henry R. Selden (later a judge of the New York Court of Appeals) decided to count the vote, holding that the United States Constitution described the eligibility for the office and devolved on the State legislatures only the power to prescribe the "times, places and manners of holding the elections for that office", thus not implying a right for the State governments to exclude any person who would be eligible under the U.S. Constitution.
Preston King was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
House | Republican | Democrat | American | |||
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State Senate (32 members) | Preston King | 14 | Daniel E. Sickles | 1 | Joel T. Headley | 9 |
State Assembly (128 members) | Preston King | 77 | Daniel E. Sickles | 33 | Joel T. Headley | 6 |
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (special)
The Class 3 election was held on January 14, 1856. William Bigler was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly had previously convened on February 13, 1855, for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4, 1855. Two ballots were recorded on February 13, followed by three on February 27, 1855. On the fifth and final ballot during this convention, former Senator Simon Cameron had led with 55 votes to future Senator Charles R. Buckalew's 23. No candidate was elected, however, and the hung election convention adjourned by a vote of 66 to 65. Upon the expiration of incumbent James Cooper's term on March 4, 1855, the seat was vacated and would remain vacant until William Bigler's election in January 1856.
On January 14, 1856, the election convention of the General Assembly re-convened and elected Democratic former Governor of Pennsylvania William Bigler on the first ballot to serve the remainder of the term that began on March 4, 1855, and would expire on March 4, 1861. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Democratic | William Bigler | 82 | 61.65 | |
Republican | Edward Joy Morris | 43 | 32.33 | |
Unknown | John C. Flenniken | 1 | 0.75 | |
N/A | Not voting | 7 | 5.26 | |
Totals | 133 | 100.00% |
Pennsylvania (regular)
The Class 1 election in Pennsylvania was held on January 13, 1857. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on January 13, 1857, to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4, 1857. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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Republican | Simon Cameron | 67 | 50.38 | |
Democratic | John W. Forney | 58 | 43.61 | |
Democratic | Henry D. Foster | 7 | 5.26 | |
Democratic | William Wilkins | 1 | 0.75 | |
Totals | 133 | 100.00% |
See also
- 1856 United States elections
- 1856 United States presidential election
- 1856–57 United States House of Representatives elections
- 34th United States Congress
- 35th United States Congress
References
- "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- "Joint Convention". Journal of the Assembly of Wisconsin (Report). Wisconsin Legislature. 1857. pp. 80–84. Retrieved February 28, 2025 – via HathiTrust.
- "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1857". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- Journal of the Senate of the State of New York (80th Session) (pages 171f)
- "U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1856" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- "U.S. Senate Election - 13 February 1855, 27 February 1855" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- "U.S. Senate Election - 13 January 1857" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- "PA US Senate - 1857". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators [gives wrong date "February 6"]; pg. 137 for State Senators 1857; pg. 252ff for Members of Assembly 1857)
- STATE AFFAIRS.; The Election of Preston King as United States Senator in NYT on February 4, 1857
- Result NY Senate: Journal of the Senate (80th Session) (1857; pg. 171)
- Result NY Assembly: Journal of the Assembly (80th Session) (1857; pg. 245f)
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
Author: www.NiNa.Az
Publication date:
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The 1856 57 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1856 and 1857 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 1 1856 57 United States Senate elections 1854 amp 1855 Various dates 1858 amp 1859 21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate with special elections 32 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Third party Party Democratic Republican Whig Last election 33 seats 3 seats 20 seats Seats before 37 11 8 Seats won 9 10 0 Seats after 34 18 3 Seat change 3 7 5 Seats up 12 3 5 Fourth party Fifth party Party Know Nothing Free Soil Last election 1 seat 2 seats Seats before 1 2 Seats won 1 0 Seats after 2 1 Seat change 1 1 Seats up 0 1Results of the elections Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Know Nothing Gain Legislature failed to electMajority Party before election Democratic Elected Majority Party Democratic The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States s two main political parties The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began Results summarySenate party division 35th Congress 1857 1859 Majority party Democratic 37 42 Minority party Republican 20 Other party American 4 Vacant 1 0 Total seats 62 66Change in compositionBefore the elections After the January 14 1856 special election in Pennsylvania D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 Ran D27 Ran D28 Ran D29 Ran D30 Ran D31 Ran Majority D32 Ran KN1 V1 V2 V3 D37 Retired D36 Retired D35 Unknown D34 Unknown D33 Unknown FS2 Ran FS1 R11 Unknown R10 Ran R9 Ran R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 W2 W3 W4 Unknown W5 Retired W6 Retired W7 Retired W8 Retired R1 R2 R3 W1 As a result of the elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 Re elected D27 Re elected D28 Re elected D29 Re elected D30 Re elected D31 Re elected Majority D32 Hold FS1 KN1 KN2 Gain V1 W Loss V2 V3 V4 D34 Gain D33 Hold R18 Gain R17 Re elected Diff party R16 Hold R15 Re elected R14 Re elected R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 W2 W3 R1 Gain R2 Gain R3 Gain R4 Gain R5 Gain R6 R7 R8 W1 Beginning of the next Congress D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 Majority D32 KN2 KN3 Changed KN4 Changed V1 D37 Gain D36 Gain D35 Gain D34 Changed D33 Changed KN1 R20 R19 R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R2 Changed R3 Changed R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R1 Changed Key D Democratic FS Free Soil KN Know Nothing R Republican W Whig V VacantRace summariesElections during the 34th Congress In these elections the winners were seated during 1856 or in 1857 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Pennsylvania Class 3 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect New senator elected January 14 1856 Democratic gain Y William Bigler Democratic 61 65 Edward Joy Morris Republican 32 33 John C Flenniken Unknown 0 75 Missouri Class 3 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect New senator elected January 12 1857 Democratic gain Y James S Green Democratic data missing California Class 3 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Incumbent was then elected January 13 1857 Democratic gain Y William M Gwin Democratic data missing Delaware Class 2 Joseph P Comegys Whig 1856 appointed Interim appointee retired New senator elected January 14 1857 Democratic gain Y Martin W Bates Democratic data missing Maine Class 1 Hannibal Hamlin Democratic 1856 appointed Incumbent resigned to become Governor of Maine New senator elected January 16 1857 Republican gain Winner was not elected to the next term see below Y Amos Nourse Republican data missing Iowa Class 3 James Harlan Free Soil 1855 Election invalidated January 5 1857 Incumbent re elected January 29 1857 as a Republican Republican gain Y James Harlan Republican data missing Indiana Class 3 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect New senator elected February 4 1857 Democratic gain Y Graham N Fitch Democratic data missing Races leading to the 35th Congress In these general elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1857 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history California John B Weller Democratic 1852 special Incumbent lost re election Winner elected in 1856 Democratic hold Y David C Broderick Democratic data missing Connecticut Isaac Toucey Democratic 1852 Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1856 Republican gain Y James Dixon Republican data missing Delaware James A Bayard Jr Democratic 1851 Incumbent re elected in 1857 Y James A Bayard Jr Democratic data missing Florida Stephen Mallory Democratic 1851 Incumbent re elected in 1857 Y Stephen Mallory Democratic data missing Indiana Jesse D Bright Democratic 1844 1850 Incumbent re elected in 1856 Y Jesse D Bright Democratic data missing Maine Amos Nourse Republican 1857 special Incumbent lost re election or retired New senator elected in 1857 Republican hold Y Hannibal Hamlin Republican data missing Maryland Thomas Pratt Whig 1850 special 1851 Incumbent lost re election or retired New senator elected in 1856 or 1857 Know Nothing gain Y Anthony Kennedy Know Nothing data missing Massachusetts Charles Sumner Free Soil 1851 special Incumbent re elected in 1857 as a Republican Republican gain Y Charles Sumner Republican data missing Michigan Lewis Cass Democratic 1844 or 1845 1848 resigned 1849 special Incumbent lost re election or retired New senator elected in January 1857 Republican gain Y Zachariah Chandler Republican data missing Mississippi Stephen Adams Democratic 1852 special Incumbent lost re election or retired New senator elected in 1856 or 1857 Democratic hold Y Jefferson Davis Democratic data missing Missouri Henry S Geyer Whig 1851 Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1857 Democratic gain Y Trusten Polk Democratic data missing New Jersey John Renshaw Thomson Democratic 1853 special Incumbent re elected in 1857 Y John Renshaw Thomson Democratic data missing New York Hamilton Fish Whig 1851 Incumbent retired New senator elected February 3 1857 Republican gain Y Preston King Republican 91 Daniel E Sickles Democratic 34 Joel T Headley Know Nothing 15 Ohio Benjamin Wade Republican 1851 Incumbent re elected in 1856 Y Benjamin Wade Republican data missing Pennsylvania Richard Brodhead Democratic 1851 Incumbent lost re election or retired New senator elected January 13 1857 Republican gain Y Simon Cameron Republican 50 38 John W Forney Democratic 43 61 Henry D Foster Democratic 5 26 William Wilkins Democratic 0 75 Rhode Island Charles T James Democratic 1850 or 1851 Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1856 Republican gain Y James F Simmons Republican data missing Tennessee James C Jones Whig 1851 Incumbent retired Legislature failed to elect Whig loss Seat would remain vacant until October 8 1857 see below data missing Texas Thomas J Rusk Democratic 1846 1851 Incumbent re elected in 1857 Y Thomas J Rusk Democratic data missing Vermont Solomon Foot Republican 1850 Incumbent re elected in 1856 Y Solomon Foot Republican data missing Virginia James M Mason Democratic 1847 special 1850 Incumbent re elected in 1856 Y James M Mason Democratic data missing Wisconsin Henry Dodge Democratic 1848 1851 Incumbent retired New senator elected January 23 1857 Republican gain Y James R Doolittle Republican 67 52 Charles Dunn Democratic 30 77 David Taylor Republican 0 85 Jack Frost 0 85 Elections during the 35th Congress In these elections the winners were elected in 1857 after March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history New Hampshire Class 3 James Bell Republican 1855 Incumbent died May 25 1857 New senator elected June 27 1857 Republican hold Y Daniel Clark Republican data missing Tennessee Class 1 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect New senator elected October 8 1857 Democratic gain Y Andrew Johnson Democratic data missing South Carolina Class 3 Andrew Butler Democratic 1846 appointed special 1848 1854 Incumbent died May 25 1857 New senator elected December 7 1857 Democratic hold Y James H Hammond Democratic data missing Complete list of statesMaryland This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1857 United States Senate election in Maryland 1851 1857 1863 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Candidate Anthony Kennedy Party Whig Legislative vote Percentage Anthony Kennedy won election by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 1 seat New York The New York election was held February 3 1857 by the New York State Legislature Whig Hamilton Fish had been elected in 1851 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3 1857 In 1855 the Whig Party and the Anti Nebraska Party merged in New York to form the Republican Party At the State election in November 1855 16 Republicans 11 Americans 4 Democrats and 1 Temperance man were elected for a two year term 1856 1857 in the State Senate At the State election in November 1856 81 Republicans 31 Democrats and 8 Americans were elected to the Assembly for the session of 1857 The 80th New York State Legislature met from January 6 to April 18 1857 at Albany New York Preston King was nominated by a caucus of Republican State legislators King had been a Democratic congressman from 1843 to 1847 a Free Soil congressman from 1849 to 1853 and had joined the Republican Party upon its foundation at the State convention in September 1855 The convention nominated King for Secretary of State but he was defeated by Joel T Headley in a four way race Secretary of State Joel T Headley was the candidate of the American Party State Senator Daniel E Sickles was the candidate of the Democratic Party In the Assembly the vote confirmed the party caucus selections When State Senator Sickles received votes the same objection to his eligibility was raised as was in 1833 regarding Nathaniel P Tallmadge This time Speaker DeWitt C Littlejohn ruled that the objection was partially tenable and partially not so However the Speaker held that any member could vote for anybody and only if the candidate received sufficient votes to win the election a decision would be required Otherwise like in this case the eligibility of an also ran was irrelevant In the State Senate only 24 votes were given Zenas Clark Rep and John B Halsted Rep were sick at home Rep paired with Am Joseph H Petty Am was absent William Kelly Dem Mark Spencer Dem and the Democratic candidate Sickles himself declined to vote State Senator Justin A Smith Am raised the question if the vote for Sickles could be counted A new State Constitution had been adopted in 1846 which had clarified the question of eligibility of State legislators Smith quoted from the State Constitution No member of the Legislature shall receive any civil appointment within this State or to the Senate of the United States from the Governor the Governor and Senate or from the Legislature during the term for which he shall have been elected and all votes given for any such member for any such office or appointment shall be void Lt Gov Henry R Selden later a judge of the New York Court of Appeals decided to count the vote holding that the United States Constitution described the eligibility for the office and devolved on the State legislatures only the power to prescribe the times places and manners of holding the elections for that office thus not implying a right for the State governments to exclude any person who would be eligible under the U S Constitution Preston King was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected House Republican Democrat American State Senate 32 members Preston King 14 Daniel E Sickles 1 Joel T Headley 9 State Assembly 128 members Preston King 77 Daniel E Sickles 33 Joel T Headley 6 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania special The Class 3 election was held on January 14 1856 William Bigler was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate The Pennsylvania General Assembly had previously convened on February 13 1855 for the regularly scheduled Senate election for the term beginning on March 4 1855 Two ballots were recorded on February 13 followed by three on February 27 1855 On the fifth and final ballot during this convention former Senator Simon Cameron had led with 55 votes to future Senator Charles R Buckalew s 23 No candidate was elected however and the hung election convention adjourned by a vote of 66 to 65 Upon the expiration of incumbent James Cooper s term on March 4 1855 the seat was vacated and would remain vacant until William Bigler s election in January 1856 On January 14 1856 the election convention of the General Assembly re convened and elected Democratic former Governor of Pennsylvania William Bigler on the first ballot to serve the remainder of the term that began on March 4 1855 and would expire on March 4 1861 The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows State legislature results Party Candidate Votes Democratic William Bigler 82 61 65 Republican Edward Joy Morris 43 32 33 Unknown John C Flenniken 1 0 75 N A Not voting 7 5 26 Totals 133 100 00 Pennsylvania regular The Class 1 election in Pennsylvania was held on January 13 1857 Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on January 13 1857 to elect a Senator to serve the term beginning on March 4 1857 The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows State legislature results Party Candidate Votes Republican Simon Cameron 67 50 38 Democratic John W Forney 58 43 61 Democratic Henry D Foster 7 5 26 Democratic William Wilkins 1 0 75 Totals 133 100 00 See also1856 United States elections 1856 United States presidential election 1856 57 United States House of Representatives elections 34th United States Congress 35th United States CongressReferences 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 Joint Convention Journal of the Assembly of Wisconsin Report Wisconsin Legislature 1857 pp 80 84 Retrieved February 28 2025 via HathiTrust Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Jan 00 1857 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved November 5 2022 Journal of the Senate of the State of New York 80th Session pages 171f U S Senate Election 14 January 1856 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 22 2013 U S Senate Election 13 February 1855 27 February 1855 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 22 2013 U S Senate Election 13 January 1857 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 22 2012 PA US Senate 1857 OurCampaigns Retrieved December 22 2012 Party Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 see pg 63 for U S Senators gives wrong date February 6 pg 137 for State Senators 1857 pg 252ff for Members of Assembly 1857 STATE AFFAIRS The Election of Preston King as United States Senator in NYT on February 4 1857 Result NY Senate Journal of the Senate 80th Session 1857 pg 171 Result NY Assembly Journal of the Assembly 80th Session 1857 pg 245f Pennsylvania Election Statistics 1682 2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project