1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 2, 1862, and November 3, 1863, during the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's first term. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 38th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1863. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1860 United States census was performed assuming the seceded states were still in the union, increasing the number of congressional districts to 241. West Virginia was given three seats from Virginia after the former broke away from the latter to rejoin the union as a separate state. The seceded states remained unrepresented and left 58 vacancies. Republicans lost 22 seats and the majority, while Democrats gained 28.

1862–63 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1860 & 1861 June 2, 1862 – November 3, 1863 1864 & 1865 →
All 184 seats in the United States House of Representatives 93 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party   Leader Galusha Grow (lost re-election) Samuel Cox Party Republican Democratic Leader's seat Pennsylvania 14th Ohio 7th Last election 108 seats 45 seats Seats won 87 72 Seat change 21 27   Third party   Party Union Last election 28 seats Seats won 25 Seat change 3
Results      Democratic gain      Democratic hold      Republican gain      Republican hold      Unconditional Union gain      Unconditional Union hold      Emancipation-Union gain
Speaker before election Galusha Grow Republican Elected Speaker Schuyler Colfax Republican

The Civil War to date had been only weakly successful for the Union, but had wrought major, disruptive change in the size and reach of the Federal Government, which before the war had been small and little seen beyond post offices, customs houses in ports, and scattered military posts. The Republican Party was also relatively new, yet had led the Union down a radical path of rapid industrialization and destructive total war.

Voters turned on the administration over its failure to deliver a swift victory over the Confederate rebellion (at times verging on military incompetence), along with rising inflation and new taxes to pay for the war effort, the suspension of habeas corpus, and the introduction of conscription.

Expressing a typical sentiment, the Cincinnati Gazette had editorialized that voters "are depressed by the interminable nature of this war, as so far conducted, and by the rapid exhaustion of the national resources without progress." Short of a majority, Republicans retained control with the support of the Unconditional Union Party. In September 1862, President Lincoln had warned the South that he planned by executive order, and as a war measure, to liberate all slaves in rebelling states as of January 1, 1863. The popularity of emancipation varied by region. It was more popular in New England and areas near the Great Lakes, and less popular in cities with large immigrant populations and in the southern portion of the North.

While Democrats hailed the elections as a repudiation of emancipation, the results did not alter Lincoln's plan or hamper prosecution of the war. In Lincoln's home district of Springfield, Illinois, John T. Stuart, a Democrat and one of Lincoln's former law partners, defeated the Republican incumbent. A fear of an influx of freed slaves competing for jobs and depressing wages, and a desire by white voters to prevent black suffrage, helped drive this result and others.

The sitting House Speaker, Galusha Grow of Pennsylvania, also lost re-election, but he would return to the House 30 years later in 1894. A Speaker of the House would not lose re-election again until 1994.

Election summaries

The eight Representatives remaining from Tennessee and Virginia in the 37th Congress were absent from the 38th Congress. Other seceded states remained unrepresented, leaving 58 vacancies Upon admission, West Virginia was allotted three Representatives and during the second session one seat was added for the new state of Nevada.

Reapportionment transpired according to the 1860 census, under the 1850 Apportionment Act providing a total of 233 seats. A later Act added eight seats, increasing the total to 241.

↓

72	2	85	25
Democratic		Republican	Unconditional Union

State	Type	Date	Total seats (Reapportionment)		Democratic		Independent Republican		Republican		Unconditional Union
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 2, 1862	1		0	1	0		1	1	0
Maine	Districts	September 8, 1862	5	1	1	1	0		4	2	0
Indiana	Districts	October 14, 1862	11		7	3	0		4	3	0
Iowa	Districts		6	4	0		0		6	4	0
Ohio	Districts		19	2	14	6	0		5	8	0
Pennsylvania	Districts		24	1	12	6	2	2	10	9	0
Delaware	At-large	November 1, 1862	1		1	1	0		0		0	1
Massachusetts	Districts		10	1	0		0		10		0	1
Illinois	Districts	November 4, 1862 (Election Day)	14	5	9	4	0		5	1	0
Kansas	At-large		1		0		0		1		0
Michigan	Districts		6	2	1	1	0		5	1	0
Minnesota	Districts		2		0		0		2		0
Missouri	Districts		9	2	0	5	0		1		8	7
New Jersey	Districts		5		4	1	0		1	1	0
New York	Districts		31	2	17	7	0		14	9	0
Wisconsin	Districts		6	3	3	3	0		3		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1863 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	Districts	March 10, 1863	3		1	1	0		2	1	0
Rhode Island	Districts	April 1, 1863	2		0		0		2	2	0	2
Connecticut	Districts	April 6, 1863	4		1	1	0		3	1	0
Kentucky	Districts	August 3, 1863	9	1	0	1	0		0		9
Vermont	Districts	September 1, 1863	3		0		0		3		0
California	At-large	September 2, 1863	3		0		0		3		0
West Virginia	Districts	October 22, 1863	3	3	0		0		0		3	3
Maryland	Districts	November 3, 1863	5	1	1	1	0		0		4	2
Secessionist States
Alabama	Districts	None	6	1
Arkansas	Districts	None	3	1
Florida	At-large	None	1
Georgia	Districts	None	7	1
Louisiana	Districts	None	5	1								2
Mississippi	Districts	None	5
North Carolina	Districts	None	7	1
South Carolina	Districts	None	4	2
Tennessee	Districts	None	8	2								3
Texas	Districts	None	4	2
Virginia	Districts	None	11	2								5
Total			184	3	72	27	2	2	85	25	25	5
			58 Vacancies		39.1%		1.1%		46.2%		13.6%

House seats Democratic   39.13% Republican   47.28% Unconditional Union   13.59%

Special elections

There were seven special elections during the 37th Congress, and two during the 38th Congress.

37th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	Joseph Segar	Unconditional Union	1861	Incumbent declared not entitled February 11, 1862. Incumbent re-elected March 15, 1862. Unconditional Union hold.	▌Y Joseph Segar (Unconditional Union) 54.91% ▌Athur Watson (Unknown) 43.03%
Pennsylvania 7	Thomas B. Cooper	Democratic	1860	Incumbent died April 4, 1862. New member elected May 24, 1862. Democratic hold.	▌Y John D. Stiles (Democratic) 51.64% ▌George Lear (Republican) 48.37%
Maine 2	Charles W. Walton	Republican	1860	Incumbent resigned May 26, 1862. New member elected September 8, 1862. Republican hold.	▌Y T. A. D. Fessenden (Republican) 53.70% ▌Calvin Record (Democratic) 46.30%
Kentucky 2	James S. Jackson	Unconditional Union	1861	Incumbent resigned December 13, 1861. New member elected October 27, 1862. Unconditional Union hold.	▌Y George H. Yeaman (Unconditional Union) 55.67% ▌Edward Weir (Unknown) 43.61% ▌Archibald Dixon (Unknown) 0.72%
Massachusetts 9	Goldsmith Bailey	Republican	1860	Incumbent died May 8, 1862. New member elected November 4, 1862. Republican hold.	▌Y Amasa Walker (Republican) 66.36% ▌Isaac Davis (Democratic) 33.64%
Wisconsin 2	Luther Hanchett	Republican	1860	Incumbent died November 24, 1862. New member elected December 30, 1862. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Walter D. McIndoe (Republican) 56.52% ▌N. S. Ferris (Democratic) 41.06% ▌Charles S. Benton (Democratic) 2.01%
Virginia 7	Charles H. Upton	Unconditional Union	1861	Election invalidated February 27, 1862. New member elected January 15, 1863. Unconditional Union hold.	▌Y Lewis McKenzie (Unconditional Union) 41.12% ▌Andrew Wylie (Republican) 38.95% ▌Charles H. Upton (Unconditional Union) 12.86% ▌Chauncey H. Snow (Unknown) 7.07%

38th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 6	Luther Hanchett	Republican	1860	Incumbent member-elect died November 23, 1862. New member elected December 30, 1862. Republican hold. Successor was also elected to finish the current term; see above.	▌Y Walter D. McIndoe (Republican) 57.3% ▌Charles S. Benton (Democratic) 42.7%
New York 14	Erastus Corning	Democratic	1860	Incumbent resigned October 5, 1863. New member elected November 3, 1863. Democratic hold.	▌Y John V. L. Pruyn (Democratic) 56.61% ▌John K. Porter (Union) 43.39%
Delaware at-large	William Temple	Democratic	1862	Incumbent died May 28, 1863. New member elected November 19, 1863. Unconditional Union gain.	▌Y Nathaniel B. Smithers (Unconditional Union) 99.73% unopposed

Alabama

Alabama elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Arkansas

Arkansas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

California

Note: From statehood to 1866, California's representatives were elected state-wide at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858. In 1860, when California gained a seat, the top three vote-getters were elected.

California elected its members September 2, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California at-large Plural district with 3 seats	Timothy Phelps	Republican	1861	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Cornelius Cole (Republican) 20% ▌Y William Higby (Republican) 19.9% ▌Y Thomas B. Shannon (Republican) 19.9% ▌John Bigler (Independent) 13.4% ▌John B. Weller (Independent) 13.4% ▌Ninian E. Whiteside (Democratic) 13.4%
	Aaron A. Sargent	Republican	1861	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.
	Frederick F. Low	Republican	1861	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its members April 6, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened. The democratic party lost a seat while the Republicans gained one.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	Dwight Loomis	Republican	1859	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry C. Deming (Republican) 50.8% ▌ (Democratic) 49.2%
Connecticut 2	James E. English	Democratic	1861	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James E. English (Democratic) 52.4% ▌Samuel L. Warner (Republican) 47.6%
Connecticut 3	Alfred A. Burnham	Republican	1859	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Augustus Brandegee (Republican) 58.2% ▌ (Democratic) 41.8%
Connecticut 4	George C. Woodruff	Democratic	1861	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y John Henry Hubbard (Republican) 50.8% ▌George C. Woodruff (Democratic) 49.2%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Delaware elected its sole member November 1, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large	George P. Fisher	Unconditional Union	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Temple (Democratic) ▌George P. Fisher (Unconditional Union) [data missing]

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Florida

Florida elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Georgia

Georgia elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Illinois elected its members November 4, 1862.

Indiana

Indiana elected its members October 14, 1862.

Iowa

Iowa elected its members October 14, 1862.

Kansas

Kansas elected its member November 4, 1862.

Kentucky

Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Louisiana

Although Louisiana had withdrawn from the Union during the Civil War, elections were held on December 3, 1862, for the two congressional districts in portions of the state under Union control. The seats had been vacant since the end of the 36th Congress; however, Flanders and Hahn were not seated until February 17, 1863, 15 days before the end of their term.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Louisiana 1	Vacant			Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union Association gain.	▌Y Benjamin Flanders (Union Association) 94.16% ▌John Edward Bouligny (Unionist) 5.84%
Louisiana 2	Vacant			Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union Association gain.	▌Y Michael Hahn (Union Association) 49.25% ▌Edward Henry Durell (Union Committee) 29.52% ▌Mr. Greathouse (N/A) 10.05% ▌Jacob Barker (Bank of Commerce) 11.19%

Maine

Maine elected its members September 8, 1862.

Maryland

Maryland elected its members November 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts elected its members November 1, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 72.53% ▌Daniel Fisher (Democratic) 23.21% ▌William R. Easter (Unknown) 6.23%
Massachusetts 2	James Buffington	Republican	1854	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Oakes Ames (Republican) 61.08% ▌William D. Swan (Democratic) 38.92%
Massachusetts 3	Alexander H. Rice Redistricted from the 4th district.	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alexander H. Rice (Republican) 50.12% ▌John S. Sleeper (Democratic) 49.88%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper Redistricted from the 5th district.	Republican	1861 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel Hooper (Republican) 52.13% ▌Josiah Gardner Abbott (Democratic) 47.87%
Massachusetts 5	John B. Alley Redistricted from the 6th district.	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John B. Alley (Republican) 61.17% ▌Benjamin Poole (Democratic) 38.83%
Massachusetts 6	Daniel W. Gooch Redistricted from the 7th district.	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Daniel W. Gooch (Republican) 56.92% ▌Oliver H. Perry Jr. (Democratic) 43.09%
Massachusetts 7	Benjamin F. Thomas Redistricted from the 3rd district.	Union	1861 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y George S. Boutwell (Republican) 55.17% ▌Benjamin F. Thomas (Union) 44.83%
	Charles R. Train Redistricted from the 8th district.	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican loss.
Massachusetts 8	Vacant (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y John D. Baldwin (Republican) 66.17% ▌Paul Whitin Jr. (Democratic) 33.83%
Massachusetts 9	Vacant			Goldsmith Bailey (R) died May 8, 1862. Republican hold.	▌Y William B. Washburn (Republican) 99.23% Scattering 0.77%
	Charles Delano Redistricted from the 10th district.	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican loss.
Massachusetts 10	Henry L. Dawes Redistricted from the 11th district.	Republican	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 56.29% ▌Chester W. Chapin (Democratic) 43.71%

Michigan

Michigan elected its members November 4, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Michigan 1	Fernando C. Beaman Redistricted from the 2nd district	Republican	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Fernando C. Beaman (Republican) 50.4% ▌Ebenezer J. Penniman (Democratic) 49.6%
Michigan 2	None (New seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y Charles Upson (Republican) 55.4% ▌John W. Turner (Democratic) 44.6%
Michigan 3	Bradley F. Granger Redistricted from the 1st district	Republican	1860	Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. Republican hold.	▌Y John W. Longyear (Republican) 51.8% ▌Bradley F. Granger (Democratic) 48.2%
Michigan 4	Francis W. Kellogg Redistricted from the 3rd district	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis W. Kellogg (Republican) 57.8% ▌Thomas B. Church (Democratic) 42.2%
Michigan 5	Rowland E. Trowbridge Redistricted from the 4th district	Republican	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Augustus C. Baldwin (Democratic) 50.6% ▌Rowland E. Trowbridge (Republican) 49.4%
Michigan 6	None (New seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y John F. Driggs (Republican) 51.8% ▌John Moore (Democratic) 48.2%

Minnesota

Minnesota elected its members November 4, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Minnesota 1	William Windom Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1859	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William Windom (Republican) 58.2% ▌Andrew G. Chatfield (Democratic) 41.8%
Minnesota 2	Cyrus Aldrich Redistricted from the at-large district	Republican	1859	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican hold.	▌Y Ignatius L. Donnelly (Republican) 58.5% ▌William J. Cullen (Democratic) 41.5%

Mississippi

Mississippi elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Missouri

Missouri elected its members November 4, 1862.

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire elected its members March 10, 1863.

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Jersey

New Jersey elected its members November 4, 1862.

New York

New York elected its members November 4, 1862. The state lost two seats in reapportionment, going from 33 members to 31.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 1	Edward H. Smith	Democratic	1860	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Henry G. Stebbins (Democratic) 56.08% ▌Richard C. McCormick (Republican) 43.92%
New York 2
New York 3
New York 4
New York 5
New York 6
New York 7
New York 8
New York 9
New York 10
New York 11
New York 12
New York 13
New York 14
New York 15
New York 16
New York 17
New York 18
New York 19
New York 20
New York 21
New York 22
New York 23
New York 24
New York 25
New York 26
New York 27
New York 28
New York 29
New York 30
New York 31

North Carolina

North Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Ohio

Ohio elected its members October 14, 1862.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Ohio 1	George H. Pendleton	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 54.0% ▌William S. Groesbeck (Republican) 46.0%
Ohio 2	John A. Gurley	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Alexander Long (Democratic) 50.5% ▌John A. Gurley (Republican) 49.5%
Ohio 3	Clement Vallandigham	Democratic	1858 (contested)	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 52.5% ▌Clement Vallandigham (Democratic) 47.5%
Ohio 4	William Allen	Democratic	1858	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John F. McKinney (Democratic) 52.0% ▌William H. West (Republican) 48.0%
Ohio 5	None (new district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y Francis C. Le Blond (Democratic) 63.0% ▌Conduce H. Gatch (Republican) 37.0%
Ohio 6	Chilton A. White	Democratic	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Chilton A. White (Democratic) 52.0% ▌Robert M. Briggs (Republican) 48.0%
Ohio 7	Richard A. Harrison	Unionist	1861 (special)	Incumbent retired. Unionist loss.	▌Y Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 50.7% ▌Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 49.3%
	Samuel S. Cox Redistricted from the 12th district	Democratic	1856	Incumbent re-elected.
	Samuel Shellabarger Redistricted from the 8th district	Republican	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss.
Ohio 8	None (new district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y William Johnston (Democratic) 51.0% ▌James H. Godman (Republican) 49.0%
Ohio 9	Warren P. Noble	Democratic	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 52.8% ▌Samuel T. Worcester (Republican) 47.2%
	Samuel T. Worcester Redistricted from the 13th district	Republican	1861 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss.
Ohio 10	James M. Ashley Redistricted from the 5th district	Republican	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James M. Ashley (Republican) 38.6% ▌Morrison Waite (Independent Republican) 32.2% ▌James W. Phelps (Democratic) 29.2%
Ohio 11	Valentine B. Horton	Republican	1860	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 56.2% ▌Hezekiah S. Bundy (Republican) 43.8%
Ohio 12	Carey A. Trimble Redistricted from the 10th district	Republican	1858	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William E. Finck (Democratic) 62.9% ▌Carey A. Trimble (Republican) 37.1%
Ohio 13	None (new district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y John O'Neill (Democratic) 56.8% ▌George B. Wright (Republican) 43.2%
Ohio 14	Harrison G. O. Blake	Republican	1859 (special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y George Bliss (Democratic) 50.09% ▌Martin Welker (Republican) 49.91%
Ohio 15	Robert H. Nugen	Democratic	1860	Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.	▌Y James R. Morris (Democratic) 52.9% ▌William P. Cutler (Republican) 47.1%
	James R. Morris Redistricted from the 17th district	Democratic	1860	Incumbent re-elected.
	William P. Cutler Redistricted from the 16th district	Republican	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican loss.
Ohio 16	None (new district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y Joseph W. White (Democratic) 55.2% ▌John Bingham (Republican) 44.8%
Ohio 17	None (new district)			New district. Republican gain.	▌Y Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 52.4% ▌George Belden (Democratic) 47.6%
Ohio 18	Sidney Edgerton	Republican	1858	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 69.0% ▌David R. Paige Sr. (Democratic) 31.0%
Ohio 19	Albert G. Riddle	Republican	1860	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y James A. Garfield (Republican) 66.3% ▌George W. Wood (Democratic) 33.7%

Oregon

Oregon elected its members June 2, 1862.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1862.

Rhode Island

Rhode Island elected its members April 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

South Carolina

South Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Tennessee

Tennessee elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Texas

Texas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawal during the Civil War.

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Vermont elected its members September 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1	E. P. Walton	Republican	1856	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Frederick E. Woodbridge (Republican) 62.3% ▌John A. White (Democratic) 33.1% ▌Loyal C. Kellogg (Republican) 2.1%
Vermont 2	Justin S. Morrill	Republican	1854	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Justin S. Morrill (Republican) 70.4% ▌Charles N. Davenport (Democratic) 29.5% ▌Peter T. Washburn (Write-in) 0.0%
Vermont 3	Portus Baxter	Republican	1860	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Portus Baxter (Republican) 71.0% ▌Giles Harrington (Democratic) 26.2% ▌George J. Stannard (Unionist) 2.4% Others ▌William Sewall (Unknown) 0.2% ▌J. H. Woodward (Unknown) 0.0%

Virginia

Virginia elected its members May 28, 1863, but they were all disqualified.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	Joseph Segar	Unconditional Union	1861 1862 (disqualified) 1862 (special)	Incumbent re-elected but disqualified May 17, 1864. Unconditional Union loss.	▌Y Joseph Segar (Unconditional Union) 77.98% Scattering 22.02%
Virginia 2	Vacant			New member elected but disqualified May 17, 1864.	▌Y (Unknown) Unopposed
Virginia 3	Vacant
Virginia 4	Vacant
Virginia 5	Vacant
Virginia 6	Vacant
Virginia 7	Lewis McKenzie	Unconditional Union	1863 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected but disqualified. Unconditional Union loss.	▌Y Bethuel Kitchen (Unconditional Union) 46.77% ▌Lewis McKenzie (Unconditional Union) 34.81% ▌ (Unconditional Union) 13.03% ▌Charles H. Upton (Unconditional Union) 5.40%
Virginia 8	Vacant			New member elected January 5, 1863 but disqualified March 2, 1863.	▌Y (Unknown) 85.08% ▌Joseph S. Wheat (Unknown) 14.93%

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

West Virginia elected three representatives on October 22, 1863, after becoming a state on June 20, 1863, but before the Congress convened. It was made up of three districts that previously belonged to Virginia, all of which were vacant before the elections. They were seated on December 7, 1863.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Vacant			New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain.	▌Y Jacob B. Blair (Unconditional Unionist) 93.02% ▌Wills DeHass (Unconditional Unionist) 6.98%
West Virginia 2	Vacant			New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain.	▌Y William G. Brown Sr. (Unconditional Unionist) 57.86% ▌John S. Burdett (Unconditional Unionist) 29.19% ▌William B. Zinn (Unconditional Unionist) 12.95%
West Virginia 3	Vacant			New seat. Unconditional Unionist gain.	▌Y Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Unionist) 55.72% ▌Daniel E. Frost (Unconditional Unionist) 44.28%

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six U.S. Representatives on Election Day, 4 November 1862; Democrats gained three seats.

Three seats were newly apportioned. One incumbent was redistricted and won re-election in his new district, but died on 19 November. Two special elections were held 30 December 1862, to replace him for both the remainder of his old term and his new term.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	John F. Potter	Republican	1856	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y James S. Brown (Democratic) 55.6% ▌John F. Potter (Republican) 44.4%
Wisconsin 2	None (new district)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y Ithamar Sloan (Republican) 54.4% ▌Joshua J. Guppey (Democratic) 45.6%
Wisconsin 3	A. Scott Sloan	Republican	1860	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Amasa Cobb (Republican) 57.1% ▌Philemon Simpson (Democratic) 42.9%
Wisconsin 4	None (new district)			New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 61.5% ▌Edward S. Bragg (Republican) 38.5%
Wisconsin 5	None (new district)			New seat. Democratic gain.	▌Y Ezra Wheeler (Democratic) 52.4% ▌Edward L. Browne (Republican) 47.6%
Wisconsin 6	Luther Hanchett Redistricted from the 2nd district	Republican	1860	Incumbent re-elected. Member-elect died November 23, 1862, leading to two special elections; see above.	▌Y Luther Hanchett (Republican) 57.2% ▌Thomas Benton Stoddard (Democratic) 42.8%

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado Territory at-large	Hiram Pitt Bennet	Conservative Republican	1861	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Hiram Pitt Bennet (Conservative Republican) [data missing]
Dakota Territory at-large	John Blair Smith Todd	Democratic	1861	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. Election was later overturned.	▌Y William Jayne (Republican) 50.51% ▌John Blair Smith Todd (Democratic) 49.49%
Idaho Territory at-large	None (new seat)			Territory established. New delegate elected October 31, 1863 in anticipation of territorial status. Union gain. Delegate seated February 1, 1864.	▌Y William H. Wallace (Union) 52.35% ▌ (Democratic) 47.44%
Nebraska Territory at-large	Samuel Gordon Daily	Republican	1860 (won contest)	Incumbent re-elected in 1862.	▌Y Samuel Gordon Daily (Republican) Unopposed
Nevada Territory at-large	John Cradlebaugh	Independent	1861	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Gordon Newell Mott (Republican) [data missing]
New Mexico Territory at-large	John Sebrie Watts	Republican	1860–61	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Francisco Perea (Republican) [data missing]
Utah Territory at-large	John M. Bernhisel	Independent	1850–51 1858–59 (lost) 1860–61	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John M. Bernhisel (Independent) [data missing]
Washington Territory at-large	William H. Wallace	Republican	1860–61	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y George Edward Cole (Democratic) [data missing]

See also

• 1862 United States elections
  • 1862–63 United States Senate elections
• 37th United States Congress
• 38th United States Congress

Notes

1. Regular elections only; excluding specials and states admitted after the start of Congress.
2. Including late elections.
3. There were 2 Independent Republicans
4. Including all members elected as Unionists.
5. In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
6. New state.
7. Subsequently, 3 seats were transferred to the new state of West Virginia.
8. After 3 seats were reassigned from Virginia to West Virginia.

References

1. "38th Congress (1863–1865)". U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
2. "Electing the House of Representatives". University of Richmond. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
3. Nevins (1960), 6:318-22, quote on p. 322.
4. Voegeli (1963).
5. Tap (1993).
6. Dubin, p. 197.
7. 12 Stat. 633
8. 13 Stat. 32
9. 9 Stat. 432
10. 12 Stat. 353
11. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
12. "Important from New-Orleans: Result of the Congressional Elections". The New York Times. December 12, 1862. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
13. "The Proceedings of Congress: House of Representatives". The New York Times. February 18, 1863. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 10, 2024.
14. John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, ISBN 0-8071-0834-0, pp. 133-134
15. "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
16. "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
17. "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
18. "MI - District 04 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
19. "MI - District 05 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
20. "MI - District 06 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
21. "MN - District 01 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. July 22, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
22. "MN - District 02 Race - Nov 04, 1862". Our Campaigns. July 22, 2008. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
23. "Our Campaigns - NY District 1 Race - Nov 04, 1862".
24. Smith, Joseph P, ed. (1898). History of the Republican Party in Ohio. Vol. I. Chicago: the Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 150, 151.
25. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
26. "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov.
27. "Our Campaigns - VA - District 01 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
28. "Our Campaigns - VA - District 02 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
29. "Our Campaigns - VA - District 07 Race - May 28, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com.
30. "Our Campaigns - VA - District 08 Race - Jan 05, 1863". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
31. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
32. "Our Campaigns - CO Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1862". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
33. "Our Campaigns - DK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1862". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
34. "Our Campaigns - ID Territorial Delegate Race - Oct 31, 1863". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
35. "Collections of the NSHS - Volume 18". www.usgennet.org.

Bibliography

• Allardice, Bruce S., “‘Illinois is Rotten with Traitors!’ The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 104 (Spring–Summer 2011), 97–114.
• Carson, Jamie L. et al. "The Impact of National Tides and District-Level Effects on Electoral Outcomes: The U.S. Congressional Elections of 1862–63," American Journal of Political Science, October 2001, Vol. 45 Issue 4, pp 887–898 in JSTOR
• Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863 (1960)
• Shankman, Arnold. "Francis W. Hughes and the 1862 Pennsylvania Election." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1971 95(3): 383–393. ISSN 0031-4587
• Tap, Bruce. "Race, Rhetoric, and Emancipation: the Election of 1862 in Illinois." Civil War History 1993 39(2): 101–125. ISSN 0009-8078
• Voegeli, Jacque. "The Northwest and the Race Issue, 1861–1862," Mississippi Valley Historical Review Vol. 50, No. 2 (September 1963), pp. 235–251 IN jstor
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)