1902 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 58th United States Congress.

1902 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1900 June 2, September 12, September 18, and November 4, 1902 1904 →
All 386 seats in the United States House of Representatives 194 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Joseph Cannon John Sharp Williams Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4, 1903 March 4, 1903 Leader's seat Illinois 18th Mississippi 8th Last election 200 seats 151 seats Seats before 198 seats 152 seats Seats won 206 176 Seat change 6 25 Popular vote 5,470,468 4,942,208 Percentage 49.81% 45.00% Swing 0.84pp 0.55pp   Third party Fourth party   Party Independent Populist Last election 0 seats 5 seats Seats before 0 seats 5 seats Seats won 4 0 Seat change 4 5 Popular vote 61,629 151,192 Percentage 0.56% 1.38% Swing 0.23pp 0.97pp
Speaker before election David Henderson Republican Elected Speaker Joseph Cannon Republican

Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.

With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.^{[citation needed]}

This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.

Election summaries

29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 census. No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.

↓

176	3	207
Democratic	IR	Republican

State	Type	Total seats		Democratic		Republican
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	Districts	9		9		0
Arkansas	Districts	7	1	7	1	0
California	Districts	8	1	3	3	5	2
Colorado	District +at-large	3	1	0		3	2
Connecticut	District +at-large	5	1	0		5	1
Delaware	At-large	1		1	1	0	1
Florida	Districts	3	1	3	1	0
Georgia	Districts	11		11		0
Idaho	At-large	1		0		1	1
Illinois	Districts	25	3	8	3	17	6
Indiana	Districts	13		4		9
Iowa	Districts	11		1	1	10	1
Kansas	District +at-large	8		0	1	8	1
Kentucky	Districts	11		10	1	1	1
Louisiana	Districts	7	1	7	1	0
Maine	Districts	4		0		4
Maryland	Districts	6		2	2	4	2
Massachusetts	Districts	14	1	4	1	10
Michigan	Districts	12		1	1	11	1
Minnesota	Districts	9	2	1	1	8	1
Mississippi	Districts	8	1	8	1	0
Missouri	Districts	16	1	15	3	1	2
Montana	At-large	1		0		1	1
Nebraska	Districts	6		1	1	5	3
Nevada	At-large	1		1		0
New Hampshire	Districts	2		0		2
New Jersey	Districts	10	2	3	1	7	1
New York	Districts	37	3	17	4	20	1
North Carolina	Districts	10	1	10	3	0	2
North Dakota	At-large	2	1	0		2	1
Ohio	Districts	21		4		17
Oregon	Districts	2		0		2
Pennsylvania	District	32	2	3	1	29	3
Rhode Island	Districts	2		1	1	1	1
South Carolina	Districts	7		7		0
South Dakota	At-large	2		0		2
Tennessee	Districts	10		8		2
Texas	Districts	16	3	16	3	0
Utah	At-large	1		0		1
Vermont	Districts	2		0		2
Virginia	Districts	10		9	1	1	1
Washington	At-large	3	1	0		3	1
West Virginia	Districts	5	1	0		5	1
Wisconsin	Districts	11	1	1	1	10
Wyoming	At-large	1		0		1
Total		386	29	176 45.6%	25	210 54.4%	9

Popular vote Democratic   45.00% Independent   0.56% Populist   1.38% Republican   49.81% Others   3.25%

House seats Democratic   45.60% Independent   1.04% Republican   53.37%

The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.

House seats by party holding plurality in state   80+% to 100% Democratic   80+% to 100% Republican   60+% to 80% Democratic   60+% to 80% Republican   Up to 60% Democratic   Up to 60% Republican

Net gain in party representation   6+ Democratic gain   6+ Republican gain   3-5 Democratic gain   3-5 Republican gain   1-2 Democratic gain   1-2 Republican gain   no net change

Special elections

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 7	Nicholas Muller	Democratic	1876 (retired) 1882 (retired) 1898	Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. Republican gain.	▌Y Montague Lessler (Republican) 49.87% ▌Perry Belmont (Democratic) 47.31% Others ▌John G. Bennett (Independent) 1.25% ▌Fritz Linsinger (Ind. Democratic) 0.88% ▌Isaac Ward (Social Democratic) 0.69%
Pennsylvania 17	Rufus K. Polk	Democratic	1898	Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alexander Billmeyer (Democratic) 54.69% ▌ (Republican) 45.31%
Kentucky 3	John S. Rhea	Democratic	1896	Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain.	▌Y J. McKenzie Moss (Republican) 49.84% ▌John S. Rhea (Democratic) 49.79% ▌H. S. Glenn (Populist) 0.38%
Massachusetts 6	William Henry Moody	Republican	1894	Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold.	▌Y Augustus P. Gardner (Republican) 52.14% ▌Samuel Roads Jr. (Democratic) 38.02% ▌George E. Littlefield (Socialist) 8.73% ▌Willard O. Wylie (Prohibition) 1.10% Others 0.01%
Missouri 12	James Joseph Butler	Democratic	1901	Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner.	▌Y James Joseph Butler (Democratic) ▌George C. R. Wagoner (Republican)
New York 10	Amos J. Cummings	Democratic	1886	Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below.	▌Y Edward Swann (Democratic) 65.62% ▌ (Republican) 34.38%
Virginia 6	Nicholas Muller	Democratic	1894	Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below.	▌Y Carter Glass (Democratic) 95.5% ▌ (Ind. Republican) 4.5%
New Jersey 4	Joshua S. Salmon	Democratic	1898	Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold.	▌Y De Witt C. Flanagan (Democratic) Unopposed
Texas 3	Reese C. De Graffenreid	Democratic	1896	Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold.	▌Y Gordon J. Russell (Democratic) Unopposed
New York 26	George W. Ray	Republican	1882	Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold.	▌Y John W. Dwight (Republican) 62.33% ▌ (Democratic) 37.67%
Texas 4	John L. Sheppard	Democratic	1898	Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold.	▌Y Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 86.29% ▌Frank Lee (Republican) 13.71%
Connecticut 3	Charles A. Russell	Republican	1886	Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold.	▌Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 94.2% Scattering 5.8%

Election dates

All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

• June 2: Oregon
• September 2: Vermont
• September 8: Maine

Alabama

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

California

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district	Republican	1900	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y James Gillett (Republican) 50.5% ▌Thomas S. Ford (Democratic) 46.7% ▌M. E. Shore (Socialist) 1.9% ▌W. O. Clark (Prohibition) 0.9%
California 2	Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district	Republican	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 49.2% ▌Frank Coombs (Republican) 48.3% ▌G. H. Rogers (Socialist) 1.7% ▌W. P. Fassett (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 3	Victor H. Metcalf	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 66.2% ▌Calvin B. White (Democratic) 27.7% ▌M. W. Wilkins (Socialist) 5% ▌T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4	Julius Kahn	Republican	1898	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 49.2% ▌Julius Kahn (Republican) 48.7% ▌William Costley (Socialist) 1.9% ▌Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.2%
California 5	Eugene F. Loud	Republican	1890	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y William J. Wynn (Democratic) 56.5% ▌Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 41.2% ▌Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 1.5% ▌Frank W. Caton (Prohibition) 0.7%
California 6	James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James C. Needham (Republican) 53.5% ▌Gaston N. Ashe (Democratic) 42.5% ▌J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 2.5% ▌L. C. Jolley (Prohibition) 1.4%
California 7	James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James McLachlan (Republican) 64.8% ▌Carl A. Johnson (Democratic) 27% ▌George H. Hewes (Socialist) 4.2% ▌Frederick F. Wheeler (Prohibition) 4%
California 8	None (New district)			New district. Republican gain.	▌Y Milton J. Daniels (Republican) 51.9% ▌W. E. Smythe (Democratic) 40.8% ▌Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 5.4% ▌Ellsworth Leonardson (Prohibition) 2%

Colorado

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Colorado 1	John F. Shafroth	Fusion	1894	Incumbent re-elected as a Democrat.	▌Y John F. Shafroth (Democratic) ▌Robert W. Bonynge (Republican)
Colorado 2	John C. Bell	Populist	1892	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Herschel M. Hogg (Republican) 47.6% ▌John C. Bell (Fusion) 45.3% ▌Wyatt F. Farrar (Socialist) 5.0% ▌J. B. Lister (Prohibition) 2.0%
Colorado at-large	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y Franklin E. Brooks (Republican)

Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	E. Stevens Henry	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y E. Stevens Henry (Republican) 52.4% ▌William F. O'Neil (Democratic) 44.4% Others ▌Robert W. Jamieson (Socialist) 1.8% ▌Edward E. Agard (Prohibition) 1.0% ▌Joseph S. Powell (Soc. Labor) 0.4%
Connecticut 2	Nehemiah D. Sperry	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Nehemiah D. Sperry (Republican) 54.7% ▌George Morse (Democratic) 41.1% Others ▌Cornelius Mahoney (Socialist) 2.6% ▌Joseph Colbassani (Soc. Labor) 0.9% ▌Frederic C. Bradley (Prohibition) 0.7%
Connecticut 3	Frank B. Brandegee	Republican	1902 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank B. Brandegee (Republican) 58.7% ▌James H. Potter (Democratic) 39.1% Others ▌Charles M. Reed (Prohibition) 1.5% ▌Henry Dorkin (Socialist) 0.5% ▌Simon J. Coffey (Soc. Labor) 0.2%
Connecticut 4	Ebenezer J. Hill	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ebenezer J. Hill (Republican) 54.0% ▌William D. Bishop (Democratic) 44.2% Others ▌George W. Scott (Socialist) 0.9% ▌Abel S. Beardsley (Prohibition) 0.7% ▌Emil Singuald (Soc. Labor) 0.2%
Connecticut at-large	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y George L. Lilley (Republican) 52.6% ▌Homer S. Cummings (Democratic) 44.4% Others ▌George A. Sweetland (Socialist) 1.7% ▌Frederick Platt (Prohibition) 0.9% ▌Robert J. Kirkpatrick (Soc. Labor) 0.5%

Delaware

Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida 1	Stephen M. Sparkman	Democratic	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) Unopposed
Florida 2	Robert Wyche Davis	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert Wyche Davis (Democratic) Unopposed
Florida 3	None (New district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y William B. Lamar (Democratic) Unopposed

Georgia

Hawaii Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Idaho

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Idaho at-large	Thomas L. Glenn	Populist	1900	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Burton L. French (Republican) 54.30% ▌J. H. Hutchinson (Democratic) 41.72% ▌John A. Davis (Socialist) 2.91% ▌Herbert A. Lee (Prohibition) 1.07%

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 1	William H. Jackson	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William H. Jackson (Republican) 50.6% ▌James E. Ellegood (Democratic) 45.5% ▌R. J. McAllen (Prohibition) 3.9%
Maryland 2	Albert Blakeney	Republican	1900	Incumbent retired. Democratic gain.	▌Y J. Frederick C. Talbott (Democratic) 50.8% ▌William Tyler Page (Republican) 46.2% ▌Henry N. Hanna (Prohibition) 3.0%
Maryland 3	Frank C. Wachter	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 48.8% ▌Lee S. Meyer (Democratic) 48.2% ▌B. F. Lewis (Prohibition) 1.4% ▌F. Mareck (Socialist) 1.6%
Maryland 4	Charles R. Schirm	Republican	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y James W. Denny (Democratic) 50.0% ▌Charles R. Schirm (Republican) 48.1% ▌Andrew J. Church (Prohibition) 1.9%
Maryland 5	Sydney E. Mudd I	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Sydney E. Mudd I (Republican) 56.9% ▌Benjamin H. Camalier (Democratic) 41.3% ▌Samuel R. Neave (Prohibition) 1.8%
Maryland 6	George A. Pearre	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected	▌Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.0% ▌C. F. Kenneweg (Democratic) 42.8% ▌J. A. Hopkins (Prohibition) 3.1%

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	George P. Lawrence	Republican	1897 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y George P. Lawrence (Republican) 54.0% ▌Henry M. Fern (Democratic) 38.1% ▌Theodore Koehler (Socialist) 4.8% ▌John Bascom (Prohibition) 3.1%
Massachusetts 2	Frederick H. Gillett	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 58.0% ▌Arthur F. Nutting (Democratic) 28.9% ▌George H. Wrenn (Socialist) 11.5% ▌Lucius E. Parsons (Prohibition) 1.6%
Massachusetts 3	John R. Thayer	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John R. Thayer (Democratic) 49.1% ▌Rufus B. Dodge Jr. (Republican) 46.4% ▌Howard A. Gibbs (Socialist) 3.4% ▌George H. Bemis (Prohibition) 1.1%
Massachusetts 4	Charles Q. Tirrell	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Charles Q. Tirrell (Republican) 53.4% ▌Marcus A. Coolidge (Democratic) 36.0% ▌John F. Mullen (Socialist) 9.3% ▌Herbert S. Morley (Prohibition) 1.3%
Massachusetts 5	William S. Knox	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Butler Ames (Republican) 48.4% ▌John T. Sparks (Democratic) 45.3% ▌James A. Wilkenson (Socialist) 4.2% ▌William S. Searle (Prohibition) 1.2% ▌Joseph Youngjohns (Socialist Labor) 0.9%
Massachusetts 6	Vacant			Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. Republican hold.	▌Y Augustus P. Gardner (Republican) 51.4% ▌Samuel Roads Jr. (Democratic) 39.0% ▌George E. Littlefield (Socialist) 8.5% ▌Willard O. Wylie (Prohibition) 1.1%
Massachusetts 7	Ernest W. Roberts	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 54.3% ▌Arthur Lyman (Democratic) 31.2% ▌William B. Turner (Socialist) 9.7% ▌Frank B. Jordan (Socialist Labor) 2.8% ▌George M. Butterick (Prohibition) 2.0%
Massachusetts 8	Samuel W. McCall	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 57.6% ▌Grenville MacFarland (Democratic) 33.9% ▌Charles W. White (Socialist) 6.2% ▌Charles A. Johnson (Socialist Labor) 2.3%
Massachusetts 9	Joseph A. Conry	Democratic	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. Citizens Democratic gain.	▌Y John A. Keliher (Citizens Democratic) 38.1% ▌Joseph A. Conry (Democratic) 37.2% ▌Charles T. Witt (Republican) 18.8% ▌James J. McVey (Socialist) 5.8%
Massachusetts 10	Henry F. Naphen	Democratic	1898	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y William S. McNary (Democratic) 54.1% ▌William W. Towle (Republican) 35.1% ▌John W. Sherman (Socialist) 10.8%
Massachusetts 11	None (New district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y John Andrew Sullivan (Democratic) 49.4% ▌Eugene Foss (Republican) 43.8% ▌George G. Cutting (Socialist) 6.8%
Massachusetts 12	Samuel L. Powers	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel L. Powers (Republican) 52.6% ▌Frederic Jessup Stimson (Democratic) 36.6% ▌J. Frank Hayward (Socialist) 9.5% ▌Napoleon B. Johnson (Prohibition) 1.4%
Massachusetts 13	William S. Greene	Republican	1898 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William S. Greene (Republican) 67.9% ▌Charles T. Luce (Democratic) 26.2% ▌Elijah Humphries (Prohibition) 5.9%
Massachusetts 14	William C. Lovering	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William C. Lovering (Republican) 57.3% ▌Charles A. Gilday (Democratic) 21.7% ▌Isaac W. Skinner (Socialist) 17.1% ▌Charles B. Gaffney (Prohibition) 2.0% ▌Jeremiah Devine (Socialist Labor) 1.8%

Michigan

Minnesota

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Minnesota 1	James A. Tawney	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Tawney (Republican) 60.9% ▌Peter McGovern (Democratic) 39.1%
Minnesota 2	James McCleary	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James McCleary (Republican) 63.3% ▌Charles N. Andrews (Democratic) 36.7%
Minnesota 3	Joel Heatwole	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Charles Russell Davis (Republican) 58.9% ▌Charles C. Kolars (Democratic) 38.8% ▌Charles Blood (Prohibition) 2.3%
Minnesota 4	Frederick Stevens	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frederick Stevens (Republican) 60.4% ▌John L. Gieske (Democratic) 39.6%
Minnesota 5	Loren Fletcher	Republican	1892	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y John Lind (Democratic) 51.3% ▌Loren Fletcher (Republican) 46.0% Others ▌Martin Hanson (Socialist Labor) 1.1% ▌George D. Haggard (Prohibition) 0.9% ▌Spencer Holman (Social Democratic) 0.6% ▌Alnson H. Nelson (Populist) 0.2%
Minnesota 6	Page Morris	Republican	1896	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Clarence Buckman (Republican) 56.6% ▌Julian A. DuBois (Democratic) 43.4%
Minnesota 7	Frank Eddy	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Andrew Volstead (Republican) 78.5% ▌August O. Forsberg (Populist) 20.4% ▌Knut Johnson (Prohibition) 1.1%
Minnesota 8	None (new district)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y J. Adam Bede (Republican) 60.8% ▌Marcus L. Fay (Democratic) 37.0% ▌Vincent Koneczny (Socialist Labor) 2.2%
Minnesota 9	None (new district)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y Halvor Steenerson (Republican) 61.4% ▌Nels T. Moen (Populist) 23.1% ▌Alexander McKinnon (Democratic) 15.5%

Mississippi

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Mississippi 1	Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 2	Thomas Spight	Democratic	1898 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Spight (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 3	Pat Henry	Democratic	1900	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Benjamin G. Humphreys II (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 4	Andrew F. Fox	Democratic	1896	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Wilson S. Hill (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 5	None (New district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y Adam M. Byrd (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 6	None (New district)			New district. Democratic gain.	▌Y Eaton J. Bowers (Democratic) 100%
Mississippi 7	Charles E. Hooker	Democratic	1900	Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.	▌Y Frank A. McLain (Democratic) 100%
	Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the 6th district.	Democratic	1898 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 8	John S. Williams Redistricted from the 5th district.	Democratic	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John S. Williams (Democratic) 100%

Missouri

Montana

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Montana at-large	Caldwell Edwards	Populist	1900	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 46.18% ▌John M. Evans (Democratic) 36.68% ▌Martin Dee (Labor) 11.26% ▌George B. Sproule (Socialist) 5.87%

Nebraska

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nebraska 1	Elmer Burkett	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Elmer Burkett (Republican) 56.86% ▌Howard H. Hanks (Democratic) 39.90% ▌Thomas B. Fraser (Prohibition) 1.99% ▌Christ Christensen (Socialist) 1.25%
Nebraska 2	David H. Mercer	Republican	1892	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.	▌Y Gilbert Hitchcock (Democratic) 50.87% ▌David H. Mercer (Republican) 43.94% ▌Bernard McCaffery (Socialist) 5.19%
Nebraska 3	John S. Robinson	Democratic	1898	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y John McCarthy (Republican) 50.04% ▌John S. Robinson (Democratic) 48.32% ▌Isaiah Lightner (Prohibition) 1.65%
Nebraska 4	William L. Stark	Populist	1896	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Edmund H. Hinshaw (Republican) 52.38% ▌William L. Stark (Populist) 45.61% ▌Benjamin F. Farley (Prohibition) 2.01%
Nebraska 5	Ashton C. Shallenberger	Democratic	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y George W. Norris (Republican) 49.48% ▌Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic) 48.88% ▌John D. Stoddard (Prohibition) 1.64%
Nebraska 6	William Neville	Populist	1899 (special)	Incumbent retired. Republican gain.	▌Y Moses Kinkaid (Republican) 52.48% ▌Patrick H. Barry (Democratic) 43.99% ▌C. F. Swander (Prohibition) 2.07% ▌J. C. Wisely (Socialist) 1.46%

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Thomas F. Marshall	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas F. Marshall (Republican) 34.29% ▌Y Burleigh F. Spalding (Republican) 34.16% ▌Lars A. Ueland (Democratic) 15.35% ▌Verner E. Lovell (Democratic) 14.96% ▌Royal F. King (Socialist) 1.24%
	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.

Ohio

Oklahoma Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Oregon

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Oregon 1	Thomas H. Tongue	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began.	▌Y Thomas H. Tongue (Republican) 52.9% ▌J. K. Weatherford (Democratic) 36.4% ▌Benjamin Franklin Ramp (Socialist) 5.8% ▌Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 4.9%
Oregon 2	Malcolm A. Moody	Republican	1898	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌Y John N. Williamson (Republican) 53.5% ▌W. F. Butcher (Democratic) 35.7% ▌Diedrich T. Gerdes (Socialist) 6.3% ▌F. R. Spaulding (Prohibition) 4.5%

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	William Elliott	Democratic	1886 1896	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Democratic hold.	▌Y George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 95.5% ▌Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican) 4.5%
South Carolina 2	W. Jasper Talbert	Democratic	1892	Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. Democratic hold.	▌Y George W. Croft (Democratic) 94.9% ▌W. S. Dixon (Republican) 5.0% Others 0.1%
South Carolina 3	Asbury Latimer	Democratic	1892	Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Democratic hold.	▌Y Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.9% ▌John Scott (Republican) 1.1%
South Carolina 4	Joseph T. Johnson	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 98.7% ▌L. W. C. Blalock (Republican) 1.3%
South Carolina 5	David E. Finley	Democratic	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y David E. Finley (Democratic) 99.3% ▌C. P. T. White (Republican) 0.7%
South Carolina 6	Robert B. Scarborough	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Robert B. Scarborough (Democratic) Unopposed
South Carolina 7	A. Frank Lever	Democratic	1901 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y A. Frank Lever (Democratic) 96.2% ▌Alexander D. Dantzler (Republican) 3.8%

South Dakota

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket)	Charles H. Burke	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Eben Martin (Republican) 32.62% ▌Y Charles H. Burke (Republican) 32.52% ▌John R. Wilson (Democratic) 14.21% ▌F. C. Robinson (Democratic) 14.01% ▌Freeman Knowles (Socialist) 1.84% ▌Walter Price (Socialist) 1.71% ▌J. W. Kelley (Prohibition) 1.56% ▌W. W. Smith (Prohibition) 1.52%
	Eben Martin	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	Walter P. Brownlow	Republican	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) 61.19% ▌Cyrus H. Lyle (Democratic) 38.81%
Tennessee 2	Henry R. Gibson	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 55.45% ▌Harvey H. Hannah (Democratic) 44.55%
Tennessee 3	John A. Moon	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John A. Moon (Democratic) 97.63% ▌Frank Janeway (Ind. Republican) 2.37%
Tennessee 4	Charles E. Snodgrass	Democratic	1898	Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.	▌Y Morgan C. Fitzpatrick (Democratic) 64.89% ▌G. H. West (Republican) 35.11%
Tennessee 5	James D. Richardson	Democratic	1884	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James D. Richardson (Democratic) 76.82% ▌J. W. Parker (Republican) 23.19%
Tennessee 6	John W. Gaines	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John W. Gaines (Democratic) 82.31% ▌A. M. Tillman (Republican) 17.69%
Tennessee 7	Lemuel P. Padgett	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Lemuel P. Padgett (Democratic) 75.30% ▌E. L. Gregory (Republican) 24.70%
Tennessee 8	Thetus W. Sims	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 52.77% ▌F. M. Davis (Republican) 47.23%
Tennessee 9	Rice A. Pierce	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 82.56% ▌A. D. Kellar (Republican) 17.44%
Tennessee 10	Malcolm R. Patterson	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Malcolm R. Patterson (Democratic) 83.18% ▌Thomas C. Phelan (Republican) 15.86% ▌L. B. Eaton (Republican) 0.96%

Texas

Utah

Vermont

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Vermont 1	David J. Foster	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y David J. Foster (Republican) 75.6% ▌J. Walter Lyons (Democratic) 20.1% ▌Henry M. Seely (Prohibition) 4.2%
Vermont 2	Kittredge Haskins	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Kittredge Haskins (Republican) 77.1% ▌Harris Miller (Democratic) 18.0% ▌Sherburne L. Swasey (Prohibition) 4.9%

Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	William A. Jones	Democratic	1890	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William A. Jones (Democratic) 72.8% ▌Malcolm A. Coles (Republican) 27.2%
Virginia 2	Harry L. Maynard	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Harry L. Maynard (Democratic) 75.9% ▌Robert M. Hughes (Republican) 22.7% Others ▌Lewis A. Hall (Socialist) 1.0% ▌P. A. Wiggins (Socialist) 0.4%
Virginia 3	John Lamb	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Lamb (Democratic) 81.1% ▌B. W. Edwards (Republican) 14.8% ▌William E. Talley (Republican) 3.2% Others ▌John J. Quantz (Socialist Labor) 0.5% ▌T. A. Hollins (Socialist) 0.3% ▌Philip Harris (Republican) 0.1%
Virginia 4	Francis R. Lassiter	Democratic	1900 (special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y Robert G. Southall (Democratic) 90.2% ▌R. T. Vaughan (Independent) 8.0% ▌Thomas A. Jones (Republican) 1.8%
Virginia 5	Claude A. Swanson	Democratic	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Claude A. Swanson (Democratic) 60.8% ▌Beverly A. Davis (Republican) 37.6% ▌Dan Dickerson (Prohibition) 1.6%
Virginia 6	Carter Glass	Democratic		Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Carter Glass (Democratic) 79.4% ▌Aaron Graham (Republican) 17.7% Others ▌James S. Cowden (Republican) 1.7% ▌H. D. McTier (Socialist Labor) 1.1%
Virginia 7	James Hay	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Hay (Democratic) 64.7% ▌Samuel J. Hoffman (Republican) 35.3%
Virginia 8	John Franklin Rixey	Democratic	1896	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Franklin Rixey (Democratic) 76.7% ▌William Skinker Jr. (Republican) 23.3%
Virginia 9	William F. Rhea	Democratic	1898	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Campbell Slemp (Republican) 50.4% ▌William F. Rhea (Democratic) 49.6%
Virginia 10	Henry D. Flood	Democratic	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry D. Flood (Democratic) 68.3% ▌James Lyons (Republican) 31.7%

Washington

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Washington at-large (3 seats elected on a general ticket)	Wesley L. Jones	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Francis W. Cushman (Republican) 19.96% ▌Y Wesley L. Jones (Republican) 19.87% ▌Y William E. Humphrey (Republican) 19.61% ▌George F. Cotterill (Democratic) 11.54% ▌Frank B. Cole (Democratic) 11.00% ▌Oscar Raymond Holcomb (Democratic) 10.80% Others ▌David D. Burgess (Socialist) 1.56% ▌J. H. Scurlock (Socialist) 1.55% ▌George W. Scott (Socialist) 1.50% ▌O. L. Fowler (Prohibition) 0.60% ▌W. J. McKean (Prohibition) 0.60% ▌Ambrose H. Sherwood (Prohibition) 0.59% ▌William McCormick (Socialist Labor) 0.28% ▌Jense C. Martin (Socialist Labor) 0.27%
	Francis W. Cushman	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.
	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.

West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Blackburn B. Dovener	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 52.05% ▌Owen S. McKinney (Democratic) 44.12% ▌G. W. Kinney (Prohibition) 3.83%
West Virginia 2	Alston G. Dayton	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 51.01% ▌John T. McGraw (Democratic) 47.45% ▌R. M. Stricker (Prohibition) 1.54%
West Virginia 3	Joseph H. Gaines	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 52.96% ▌James H. Miller (Democratic) 45.65% ▌Squire Halstead (Prohibition) 1.39%
West Virginia 4	None (New district)			New district. Republican gain.	▌Y Harry C. Woodyard (Republican) 52.01% ▌W. N. Chancellor (Democratic) 46.06% ▌George R. Brown (Prohibition) 1.93%
West Virginia 5	James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district	Republican	1900	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James A. Hughes (Republican) 53.29% ▌David E. Johnston (Democratic) 46.56% ▌J. L. McGilliard (Prohibition) 0.15%

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1902. This was Wisconsin's first election with eleven congressional seats, up from ten in the previous term.

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	Henry Allen Cooper	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Henry Allen Cooper (Republican) 60.7% ▌Lewis C. Baker (Democratic) 36.0% ▌Thomas W. North (Prohibition) 3.3%
Wisconsin 2	Herman Dahle	Republican	1898	Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.	▌Y Henry Cullen Adams (Republican) 52.8% ▌John J. Wood (Democratic) 43.6% ▌Charles F. Cronk (Prohibition) 3.6%
Wisconsin 3	Joseph W. Babcock	Republican	1892	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph W. Babcock (Republican) 60.8% ▌Jackson Silbaugh (Democratic) 35.0% ▌Edward Owens (Prohibition) 4.2%
Wisconsin 4	Theobald Otjen	Republican	1894	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Theobald Otjen (Republican) 44.1% ▌John F. Donovan (Democratic) 39.3% ▌Herman W. Bisborins (Social Dem.) 15.1% ▌Lyle B. Walker (Prohibition) 1.1% ▌Frank R. Wilke (Socialist Labor) 0.4%
Wisconsin 5	Samuel S. Barney	Republican	1894	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y William H. Stafford (Republican) 45.8% ▌Henry Smith (Democratic) 33.6% ▌Henry C. Berger (Social Dem.) 18.5% ▌Winfield D. Cox (Prohibition) 1.4% ▌Charles M. Minkley (Socialist Labor) 0.6%
Wisconsin 6	James H. Davidson	Republican	1896	Incumbent redistricted to 8th district. Democratic gain.	▌Y Charles H. Weisse (Democratic) 52.2% ▌William Froehlich (Republican) 42.3% ▌John P. Wilson (Social Dem.) 4.0% ▌George C. Hill (Prohibition) 1.5%
Wisconsin 7	John J. Esch	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John J. Esch (Republican) 64.5% ▌William Cernahan (Democratic) 32.3% ▌Frank R. Sebenthal (Prohibition) 3.2%
Wisconsin 8	Edward S. Minor	Republican	1894	Incumbent redistricted to 9th district. Republican hold.	▌Y James H. Davidson (Republican) 57.8% ▌Thomas H. Patterson (Democratic) 37.4% ▌Joseph Matthews (Prohibition) 2.4% ▌Charles C. Fraim (Social Dem.) 2.4%
Wisconsin 9	Webster E. Brown	Republican	1900	Incumbent redistricted to 10th district. Republican hold.	▌Y Edward S. Minor (Republican) 57.1% ▌Edward Decker (Democratic) 41.1% ▌Thomas W. Lomas (Prohibition) 1.9%
Wisconsin 10	John J. Jenkins	Republican	1894	Incumbent redistricted to 11th district. Republican hold.	▌Y Webster E. Brown (Republican) 55.6% ▌Burt Williams (Democratic) 42.5% ▌William D. Badger (Prohibition) 1.9%
Wisconsin 11	None (new seat)			New seat. Republican gain.	▌Y John J. Jenkins (Republican) 67.4% ▌Joseph A. Rene (Democratic) 28.8% ▌Moses Y. Cliff (Prohibition) 3.8%

Wyoming

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wyoming at-large	Frank W. Mondell	Republican	1898	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 64.00% ▌Charles P. Clemmons (Democratic) 36.00%

Non-voting delegates

District	Incumbent			This race
	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large	Marcus A. Smith	Democratic	1900	Incumbent retired. Democratic hold.	▌Y John F. Wilson (Democratic) 49.27% ▌Joseph E. Morrison (Republican) 47.00% ▌(FNU) Neissl (Socialist) 2.60% ▌O. Gibson (Prohibition) 1.14%
Hawaii Territory at-large	Robert Wilcox	Home Rule	1900	Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.	▌Y Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole (Republican) 58.52% ▌Robert Wilcox (Home Rule) 41.48%
New Mexico Territory at-large
Oklahoma Territory at-large	Dennis T. Flynn	Republican	1892 1894 (lost) 1898	Incumbent retired. Republican hold.	▌Y Bird S. McGuire (Republican) 50.22% ▌ (Democratic) 49.78%

See also

• 1902 United States elections
  • 1902–03 United States Senate elections
• 57th United States Congress
• 58th United States Congress

Notes

1. Regulars only, not including specials
2. Includes five vacancies.
3. Includes 6 vacancies.
4. Includes 3 Independent Republicans.
5. Includes 1 "Anti-Machine" candidate.
6. Additional seat elected at-large due to Colorado delaying redistricting.
7. Election of 1900 saw the election of 1 Populist.
8. There was one member of the Silver Republican Party faction elected in 1900, John F. Shafroth. Shafroth attempted to get elected as a Democrat in 1902, but his election was contested and overturned.
9. Elections held early.
10. Election of 1900 saw the election of 2 Populists in Nebraska.
11. At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.

References

1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
2. Martis, pp. 156–157.
3. Apportionment Act of 1901
4. "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
5. "State of Colorado Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Colorado Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-10-10.
6. "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
7. University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
8. "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
9. "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
10. "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
11. "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
12. "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
13. "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
14. "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
15. "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
16. "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
17. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
18. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
19. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
20. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
21. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
22. "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 4, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
23. "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
24. "Oregon Secretary of State". sos.oregon.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
25. "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
26. "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
27. "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
28. "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
29. "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
30. "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
31. "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
32. "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
33. "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
34. "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
35. "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 2 March 2021.
36. "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
37. "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
38. "Our Campaigns - WA At-Large Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
39. "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
40. "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
41. "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
42. "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
43. "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
44. "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
45. Erickson, Halford, ed. (1903). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1903 (Report). Wisconsin Bureau of Labor Statistics. pp. 1073–1076. Retrieved June 8, 2024.
46. "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
47. "Our Campaigns - AZ Territorial Delegate". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
48. "Our Campaigns - HI Delegate At-Large - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
49. "Our Campaigns - OK Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1902". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-06-25.

Bibliography

• Republican Congressional Committee, The Republican Campaign Textbook 1902 (1902).
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
• Secretary of State (1903). Maryland Manual 1902. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)