The 1988 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8, 1988. All fifty states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Florida voters chose twenty-one electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
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Florida was won by incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush, running with U.S Senator Dan Quayle, against Governor Michael Dukakis, running with U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen. This was Bush's fifth strongest state in the 1988 election after Utah, New Hampshire, Idaho and South Carolina.
Bush won every county in the state, with the exception of North Florida's majority-black Gadsden County, which voted for Dukakis. This was the last time until 2008 that Orange County voted for the national winner, and the last time until 2024 that Miami-Dade County (then known simply as Dade County) voted for a Republican candidate. As of the 2024 presidential election[update], this is the last election in which Broward County, Palm Beach County, Alachua County, or Leon County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.
Background
The Republican presidential nominee had won Florida in seven of the nine presidential elections since 1952. By the 1980s the Republicans had also won the governorship and enough seats in the state legislature to maintain a veto. From 1979 to 1986, the percentage of voters affiliated with the Democratic Party fell from 45% to 32% while the Republicans rose from 26% to 38%. Florida was one of the states that designated the second Tuesday of March as the date for their presidential primary as a part of Super Tuesday.
Primaries
Five of the seven Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida endorsed George H. W. Bush in 1987, and Governor Bob Martinez served as his national co-chair. Bush won all but three counties in the primary, with the remainder being won by Pat Robertson. 45% of white voters participated in the Republican primary.
Florida was one of the southern Super Tuesday states that Michael Dukakis focused on as he could receive the support of Hispanics and northerners. His campaign had twenty paid staffers in the state during the primary, but later reduced the number to ten during the general campaign and were transferred to Illinois. Dukakis won 53% of the white vote. The racial composition of the primary was 82% white, 18% black, and 1% Hispanic. 56% of the electorate were white people raised outside of the state, the highest in any southern state.
Primary results
Republican
Candidate | Vote received | |
---|---|---|
# | % | |
George H.W. Bush | 559,397 | 62.1% |
Bob Dole | 191,494 | 21.3% |
Pat Robertson | 95,037 | 10.6% |
Jack Kemp | 41,762 | 4.6% |
Pete Du Pont | 6,718 | 0.7% |
Alexander M. Haig, Jr. | 5,849 | 0.6% |
Total | 900,257 | 100% |
Democratic
Candidate | Vote received | |
---|---|---|
# | % | |
Michael Dukakis | 520,948 | 40.9% |
Jesse Jackson | 254,825 | 20.0% |
Dick Gephart | 182,809 | 14.4% |
Al Gore | 161,116 | 12.7% |
Undecided | 79,407 | 6.2% |
Gary Hart | 36,291 | 2.9% |
Paul Simon | 27,592 | 2.2% |
Bruce Babbitt | 10,277 | 0.8% |
Total | 1,273,265 | 100% |
Campaign
Florida gave Bush his second highest-percentage amount of support in the south, only behind South Carolina, and the fifth-highest nationally. Exit polls conducted by NBC showed that Bush received 64% of the vote from Hispanics aged 18 to 34 and 55% from Hispanics over 65. 67% of white voters supported Bush while 33% supported Dukakis.
The Republicans won the concurrent U.S. Senate election and increased their share of the U.S. House delegate to nine Republicans against ten Democrats. Representative James W. Grant joined the Republicans in 1989, giving them a majority of the U.S. House delegation.
Results
United States presidential election in Florida, 1988 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
Republican | George H. W. Bush | 2,618,885 | 60.87% | 21 | |
Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 1,656,701 | 38.51% | 0 | |
Libertarian | Ron Paul | 19,796 | 0.46% | 0 | |
New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 6,655 | 0.15% | 0 | |
Write-Ins | 276 | 0.01% | 0 | ||
Totals | 4,302,313 | 100.0% | 21 |
Results by county
County | George H.W. Bush Republican | Michael Dukakis Democratic | Various candidates Other parties | Margin | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
Alachua | 30,153 | 50.08% | 29,396 | 48.82% | 664 | 1.10% | 757 | 1.26% | 60,213 |
Baker | 3,418 | 71.49% | 1,355 | 28.34% | 8 | 0.17% | 2,063 | 43.15% | 4,781 |
Bay | 31,796 | 72.51% | 11,603 | 26.46% | 452 | 1.03% | 20,193 | 46.05% | 43,851 |
Bradford | 4,221 | 63.61% | 2,386 | 35.96% | 29 | 0.44% | 1,835 | 27.65% | 6,636 |
Brevard | 104,854 | 70.30% | 43,004 | 28.83% | 1,301 | 0.87% | 61,850 | 41.47% | 149,159 |
Broward | 220,316 | 50.00% | 218,274 | 49.54% | 2,015 | 0.46% | 2,042 | 0.46% | 440,605 |
Calhoun | 2,422 | 64.01% | 1,329 | 35.12% | 33 | 0.87% | 1,093 | 28.89% | 3,784 |
Charlotte | 28,893 | 63.98% | 15,974 | 35.37% | 292 | 0.65% | 12,919 | 28.61% | 45,159 |
Citrus | 21,072 | 62.95% | 12,184 | 36.40% | 218 | 0.65% | 8,888 | 26.55% | 33,474 |
Clay | 25,942 | 76.67% | 7,773 | 22.97% | 122 | 0.36% | 18,169 | 53.70% | 33,837 |
Collier | 38,920 | 74.87% | 12,769 | 24.57% | 291 | 0.56% | 26,151 | 50.30% | 51,980 |
Columbia | 7,761 | 65.13% | 4,073 | 34.18% | 82 | 0.69% | 3,688 | 30.95% | 11,916 |
Dade | 270,937 | 55.26% | 216,970 | 44.26% | 2,358 | 0.48% | 53,967 | 11.00% | 490,265 |
DeSoto | 4,243 | 65.64% | 2,181 | 33.74% | 40 | 0.62% | 2,062 | 31.90% | 6,464 |
Dixie | 2,031 | 59.79% | 1,366 | 40.21% | 0 | 0.00% | 665 | 19.58% | 3,397 |
Duval | 128,081 | 62.79% | 74,894 | 36.72% | 1,004 | 0.49% | 53,187 | 26.07% | 203,979 |
Escambia | 64,959 | 68.05% | 29,977 | 31.40% | 524 | 0.55% | 34,982 | 36.65% | 95,460 |
Flagler | 6,504 | 60.32% | 4,244 | 39.36% | 34 | 0.32% | 2,260 | 20.96% | 10,782 |
Franklin | 1,913 | 58.52% | 1,283 | 39.25% | 73 | 2.23% | 630 | 19.27% | 3,269 |
Gadsden | 5,992 | 47.64% | 6,372 | 50.66% | 213 | 1.69% | -380 | -3.02% | 12,577 |
Gilchrist | 1,855 | 61.59% | 1,137 | 37.75% | 20 | 0.66% | 718 | 23.84% | 3,012 |
Glades | 1,547 | 59.66% | 1,034 | 39.88% | 12 | 0.46% | 513 | 19.78% | 2,593 |
Gulf | 3,042 | 62.44% | 1,688 | 34.65% | 142 | 2.91% | 1,354 | 27.79% | 4,872 |
Hamilton | 2,062 | 60.72% | 1,318 | 38.81% | 16 | 0.47% | 744 | 21.91% | 3,396 |
Hardee | 3,640 | 66.96% | 1,688 | 31.05% | 108 | 1.99% | 1,952 | 35.91% | 5,436 |
Hendry | 3,965 | 65.70% | 2,036 | 33.74% | 34 | 0.56% | 1,929 | 31.96% | 6,035 |
Hernando | 21,195 | 57.50% | 15,437 | 41.88% | 231 | 0.63% | 5,758 | 15.62% | 36,863 |
Highlands | 16,723 | 67.05% | 8,091 | 32.44% | 127 | 0.51% | 8,632 | 34.61% | 24,941 |
Hillsborough | 150,151 | 59.89% | 99,014 | 39.49% | 1,551 | 0.62% | 51,137 | 20.40% | 250,716 |
Holmes | 4,225 | 71.61% | 1,639 | 27.78% | 36 | 0.61% | 2,586 | 43.83% | 5,900 |
Indian River | 24,630 | 69.71% | 10,451 | 29.58% | 252 | 0.71% | 14,179 | 40.13% | 35,333 |
Jackson | 8,405 | 62.20% | 5,008 | 37.06% | 100 | 0.74% | 3,397 | 25.14% | 13,513 |
Jefferson | 2,326 | 52.89% | 2,055 | 46.73% | 17 | 0.39% | 271 | 6.16% | 4,398 |
Lafayette | 1,451 | 66.41% | 722 | 33.04% | 12 | 0.55% | 729 | 33.37% | 2,185 |
Lake | 37,327 | 68.40% | 16,766 | 30.72% | 479 | 0.88% | 20,561 | 37.68% | 54,572 |
Lee | 87,303 | 67.71% | 40,725 | 31.59% | 908 | 0.70% | 46,578 | 36.12% | 128,936 |
Leon | 36,055 | 51.39% | 33,472 | 47.71% | 631 | 0.90% | 2,583 | 3.68% | 70,158 |
Levy | 5,253 | 59.75% | 3,434 | 39.06% | 104 | 1.18% | 1,819 | 20.69% | 8,791 |
Liberty | 1,421 | 65.27% | 709 | 32.57% | 47 | 2.16% | 712 | 32.70% | 2,177 |
Madison | 2,563 | 56.59% | 1,951 | 43.08% | 15 | 0.33% | 612 | 13.51% | 4,529 |
Manatee | 51,187 | 65.53% | 26,624 | 34.08% | 302 | 0.39% | 24,563 | 31.45% | 78,113 |
Marion | 41,501 | 66.38% | 20,685 | 33.09% | 334 | 0.53% | 20,816 | 33.29% | 62,520 |
Martin | 31,279 | 72.60% | 11,488 | 26.66% | 316 | 0.73% | 19,791 | 45.94% | 43,083 |
Monroe | 15,928 | 60.32% | 10,157 | 38.47% | 320 | 1.21% | 5,771 | 21.85% | 26,405 |
Nassau | 8,374 | 66.59% | 4,143 | 32.95% | 58 | 0.46% | 4,231 | 33.64% | 12,575 |
Okaloosa | 40,389 | 80.04% | 9,753 | 19.33% | 320 | 0.63% | 30,636 | 60.71% | 50,462 |
Okeechobee | 4,736 | 60.79% | 3,007 | 38.60% | 48 | 0.62% | 1,729 | 22.19% | 7,791 |
Orange | 117,237 | 67.86% | 54,023 | 31.27% | 1,510 | 0.87% | 63,214 | 36.59% | 172,770 |
Osceola | 21,355 | 68.05% | 9,812 | 31.27% | 214 | 0.68% | 11,543 | 36.78% | 31,381 |
Palm Beach | 181,495 | 55.47% | 144,199 | 44.07% | 1,523 | 0.47% | 37,296 | 11.40% | 327,217 |
Pasco | 63,820 | 55.59% | 50,385 | 43.89% | 598 | 0.52% | 13,435 | 11.70% | 114,803 |
Pinellas | 211,049 | 57.76% | 152,420 | 41.72% | 1,901 | 0.52% | 58,629 | 16.04% | 365,370 |
Polk | 77,104 | 66.45% | 38,249 | 32.96% | 687 | 0.59% | 38,855 | 33.49% | 116,040 |
Putnam | 11,624 | 57.24% | 8,575 | 42.23% | 108 | 0.53% | 3,049 | 15.01% | 20,307 |
St. Johns | 19,228 | 70.14% | 8,029 | 29.29% | 158 | 0.58% | 11,199 | 40.85% | 27,415 |
St. Lucie | 32,319 | 64.54% | 17,446 | 34.84% | 314 | 0.63% | 14,873 | 29.70% | 50,079 |
Santa Rosa | 18,973 | 77.85% | 5,254 | 21.56% | 143 | 0.59% | 13,719 | 56.29% | 24,370 |
Sarasota | 84,602 | 66.40% | 42,099 | 33.04% | 708 | 0.56% | 42,503 | 33.36% | 127,409 |
Seminole | 60,401 | 72.20% | 22,635 | 27.06% | 622 | 0.74% | 37,766 | 45.14% | 83,658 |
Sumter | 5,936 | 59.98% | 3,900 | 39.41% | 60 | 0.61% | 2,036 | 20.57% | 9,896 |
Suwannee | 5,863 | 64.27% | 3,129 | 34.30% | 130 | 1.43% | 2,734 | 29.97% | 9,122 |
Taylor | 4,057 | 69.06% | 1,763 | 30.01% | 55 | 0.94% | 2,294 | 39.05% | 5,875 |
Union | 1,644 | 69.99% | 691 | 29.42% | 14 | 0.60% | 953 | 40.57% | 2,349 |
Volusia | 74,195 | 56.56% | 55,469 | 42.28% | 1,518 | 1.16% | 18,726 | 14.28% | 131,182 |
Wakulla | 3,158 | 65.72% | 1,605 | 33.40% | 42 | 0.87% | 1,553 | 32.32% | 4,805 |
Walton | 7,490 | 69.30% | 3,235 | 29.93% | 83 | 0.77% | 4,255 | 39.37% | 10,808 |
Washington | 4,374 | 66.64% | 2,144 | 32.66% | 46 | 0.70% | 2,230 | 33.98% | 6,564 |
Totals | 2,618,885 | 60.87% | 1,656,701 | 38.51% | 26,727 | 0.62% | 962,184 | 22.36% | 4,302,313 |
Results by congressional district
Bush carried 18 of the 19 congressional districts.
District | Bush | Dukakis |
---|---|---|
1st | 73.2% | 26.8% |
2nd | 59.7% | 40.3% |
3rd | 60% | 40% |
4th | 64.1% | 35.9% |
5th | 69% | 31% |
6th | 61.1% | 38.9% |
7th | 58.3% | 41.7% |
8th | 56% | 44% |
9th | 60.5% | 39.5% |
10th | 66.4% | 33.6% |
11th | 71% | 29% |
12th | 64.6% | 35.4% |
13th | 68% | 32% |
14th | 53.1% | 46.9% |
15th | 53.3% | 46.7% |
16th | 55.6% | 44.4% |
17th | 40.9% | 59.1% |
18th | 58% | 42% |
19th | 58.9% | 41.1% |
See also
- Presidency of George H. W. Bush
References
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 176.
- "Voter Turnout". Florida Division of Elections. 2021. Archived from the original on June 2, 2015.
- "1988 Presidential Election Statistics". Dave Leip’s Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
- Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 166.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 3-4.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 167.
- Black & Black 1992, p. 288.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 6.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 168.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 170.
- Black & Black 1992, p. 266.
- Black & Black 1992, p. 263.
- "March 8, 1988 Presidential Preference Primary: Republican Primary". Florida Department of State - Division of Elections: Elections Results Archive. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
- "March 8, 1988 Presidential Preference Primary: Democratic Primary". Florida Department of State - Division of Elections: Elections Results Archive. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 130.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 171-173.
- Black & Black 1992, p. 295.
- Black & Black 1992, p. 335.
- Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 172.
- "1988 United States Presidential Election, Results by Congressional District". Western Washington University. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
Works cited
- Black, Earl; Black, Merle (1992). The Vital South: How Presidents Are Elected. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674941306.
- Moreland, Laurence; Steed, Robert; Baker, Tod, eds. (1991). The 1988 Presidential Election in the South: Continuity Amidst Change in Southern Party Politics. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275931455.
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The 1988 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 8 1988 All fifty states and the District of Columbia were part of the 1988 United States presidential election Florida voters chose twenty one electors to the Electoral College which selected the president and vice president 1988 United States presidential election in Florida 1984 November 8 1988 1992 Turnout71 Nominee George H W Bush Michael Dukakis Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Massachusetts Running mate Dan Quayle Lloyd Bentsen Electoral vote 21 0 Popular vote 2 618 885 1 656 701 Percentage 60 87 38 51 County Results Bush 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 Dukakis 50 60 President before election Ronald Reagan Republican Elected President George H W Bush Republican Florida was won by incumbent Vice President George H W Bush running with U S Senator Dan Quayle against Governor Michael Dukakis running with U S Senator Lloyd Bentsen This was Bush s fifth strongest state in the 1988 election after Utah New Hampshire Idaho and South Carolina Bush won every county in the state with the exception of North Florida s majority black Gadsden County which voted for Dukakis This was the last time until 2008 that Orange County voted for the national winner and the last time until 2024 that Miami Dade County then known simply as Dade County voted for a Republican candidate As of the 2024 presidential election update this is the last election in which Broward County Palm Beach County Alachua County or Leon County voted for a Republican presidential candidate BackgroundThe Republican presidential nominee had won Florida in seven of the nine presidential elections since 1952 By the 1980s the Republicans had also won the governorship and enough seats in the state legislature to maintain a veto From 1979 to 1986 the percentage of voters affiliated with the Democratic Party fell from 45 to 32 while the Republicans rose from 26 to 38 Florida was one of the states that designated the second Tuesday of March as the date for their presidential primary as a part of Super Tuesday PrimariesFive of the seven Republican members of the U S House of Representatives from Florida endorsed George H W Bush in 1987 and Governor Bob Martinez served as his national co chair Bush won all but three counties in the primary with the remainder being won by Pat Robertson 45 of white voters participated in the Republican primary Florida was one of the southern Super Tuesday states that Michael Dukakis focused on as he could receive the support of Hispanics and northerners His campaign had twenty paid staffers in the state during the primary but later reduced the number to ten during the general campaign and were transferred to Illinois Dukakis won 53 of the white vote The racial composition of the primary was 82 white 18 black and 1 Hispanic 56 of the electorate were white people raised outside of the state the highest in any southern state Primary results Republican 1988 Florida Republican presidential primary results Candidate Vote received George H W Bush 559 397 62 1 Bob Dole 191 494 21 3 Pat Robertson 95 037 10 6 Jack Kemp 41 762 4 6 Pete Du Pont 6 718 0 7 Alexander M Haig Jr 5 849 0 6 Total 900 257 100 Democratic 1988 Florida Democratic presidential primary results Candidate Vote received Michael Dukakis 520 948 40 9 Jesse Jackson 254 825 20 0 Dick Gephart 182 809 14 4 Al Gore 161 116 12 7 Undecided 79 407 6 2 Gary Hart 36 291 2 9 Paul Simon 27 592 2 2 Bruce Babbitt 10 277 0 8 Total 1 273 265 100 CampaignFlorida gave Bush his second highest percentage amount of support in the south only behind South Carolina and the fifth highest nationally Exit polls conducted by NBC showed that Bush received 64 of the vote from Hispanics aged 18 to 34 and 55 from Hispanics over 65 67 of white voters supported Bush while 33 supported Dukakis The Republicans won the concurrent U S Senate election and increased their share of the U S House delegate to nine Republicans against ten Democrats Representative James W Grant joined the Republicans in 1989 giving them a majority of the U S House delegation ResultsUnited States presidential election in Florida 1988 Party Candidate Votes Percentage Electoral votes Republican George H W Bush 2 618 885 60 87 21 Democratic Michael Dukakis 1 656 701 38 51 0 Libertarian Ron Paul 19 796 0 46 0 New Alliance Party Lenora Fulani 6 655 0 15 0 Write Ins 276 0 01 0 Totals 4 302 313 100 0 21 Results by county County George H W Bush Republican Michael Dukakis Democratic Various candidates Other parties Margin Total Alachua 30 153 50 08 29 396 48 82 664 1 10 757 1 26 60 213 Baker 3 418 71 49 1 355 28 34 8 0 17 2 063 43 15 4 781 Bay 31 796 72 51 11 603 26 46 452 1 03 20 193 46 05 43 851 Bradford 4 221 63 61 2 386 35 96 29 0 44 1 835 27 65 6 636 Brevard 104 854 70 30 43 004 28 83 1 301 0 87 61 850 41 47 149 159 Broward 220 316 50 00 218 274 49 54 2 015 0 46 2 042 0 46 440 605 Calhoun 2 422 64 01 1 329 35 12 33 0 87 1 093 28 89 3 784 Charlotte 28 893 63 98 15 974 35 37 292 0 65 12 919 28 61 45 159 Citrus 21 072 62 95 12 184 36 40 218 0 65 8 888 26 55 33 474 Clay 25 942 76 67 7 773 22 97 122 0 36 18 169 53 70 33 837 Collier 38 920 74 87 12 769 24 57 291 0 56 26 151 50 30 51 980 Columbia 7 761 65 13 4 073 34 18 82 0 69 3 688 30 95 11 916 Dade 270 937 55 26 216 970 44 26 2 358 0 48 53 967 11 00 490 265 DeSoto 4 243 65 64 2 181 33 74 40 0 62 2 062 31 90 6 464 Dixie 2 031 59 79 1 366 40 21 0 0 00 665 19 58 3 397 Duval 128 081 62 79 74 894 36 72 1 004 0 49 53 187 26 07 203 979 Escambia 64 959 68 05 29 977 31 40 524 0 55 34 982 36 65 95 460 Flagler 6 504 60 32 4 244 39 36 34 0 32 2 260 20 96 10 782 Franklin 1 913 58 52 1 283 39 25 73 2 23 630 19 27 3 269 Gadsden 5 992 47 64 6 372 50 66 213 1 69 380 3 02 12 577 Gilchrist 1 855 61 59 1 137 37 75 20 0 66 718 23 84 3 012 Glades 1 547 59 66 1 034 39 88 12 0 46 513 19 78 2 593 Gulf 3 042 62 44 1 688 34 65 142 2 91 1 354 27 79 4 872 Hamilton 2 062 60 72 1 318 38 81 16 0 47 744 21 91 3 396 Hardee 3 640 66 96 1 688 31 05 108 1 99 1 952 35 91 5 436 Hendry 3 965 65 70 2 036 33 74 34 0 56 1 929 31 96 6 035 Hernando 21 195 57 50 15 437 41 88 231 0 63 5 758 15 62 36 863 Highlands 16 723 67 05 8 091 32 44 127 0 51 8 632 34 61 24 941 Hillsborough 150 151 59 89 99 014 39 49 1 551 0 62 51 137 20 40 250 716 Holmes 4 225 71 61 1 639 27 78 36 0 61 2 586 43 83 5 900 Indian River 24 630 69 71 10 451 29 58 252 0 71 14 179 40 13 35 333 Jackson 8 405 62 20 5 008 37 06 100 0 74 3 397 25 14 13 513 Jefferson 2 326 52 89 2 055 46 73 17 0 39 271 6 16 4 398 Lafayette 1 451 66 41 722 33 04 12 0 55 729 33 37 2 185 Lake 37 327 68 40 16 766 30 72 479 0 88 20 561 37 68 54 572 Lee 87 303 67 71 40 725 31 59 908 0 70 46 578 36 12 128 936 Leon 36 055 51 39 33 472 47 71 631 0 90 2 583 3 68 70 158 Levy 5 253 59 75 3 434 39 06 104 1 18 1 819 20 69 8 791 Liberty 1 421 65 27 709 32 57 47 2 16 712 32 70 2 177 Madison 2 563 56 59 1 951 43 08 15 0 33 612 13 51 4 529 Manatee 51 187 65 53 26 624 34 08 302 0 39 24 563 31 45 78 113 Marion 41 501 66 38 20 685 33 09 334 0 53 20 816 33 29 62 520 Martin 31 279 72 60 11 488 26 66 316 0 73 19 791 45 94 43 083 Monroe 15 928 60 32 10 157 38 47 320 1 21 5 771 21 85 26 405 Nassau 8 374 66 59 4 143 32 95 58 0 46 4 231 33 64 12 575 Okaloosa 40 389 80 04 9 753 19 33 320 0 63 30 636 60 71 50 462 Okeechobee 4 736 60 79 3 007 38 60 48 0 62 1 729 22 19 7 791 Orange 117 237 67 86 54 023 31 27 1 510 0 87 63 214 36 59 172 770 Osceola 21 355 68 05 9 812 31 27 214 0 68 11 543 36 78 31 381 Palm Beach 181 495 55 47 144 199 44 07 1 523 0 47 37 296 11 40 327 217 Pasco 63 820 55 59 50 385 43 89 598 0 52 13 435 11 70 114 803 Pinellas 211 049 57 76 152 420 41 72 1 901 0 52 58 629 16 04 365 370 Polk 77 104 66 45 38 249 32 96 687 0 59 38 855 33 49 116 040 Putnam 11 624 57 24 8 575 42 23 108 0 53 3 049 15 01 20 307 St Johns 19 228 70 14 8 029 29 29 158 0 58 11 199 40 85 27 415 St Lucie 32 319 64 54 17 446 34 84 314 0 63 14 873 29 70 50 079 Santa Rosa 18 973 77 85 5 254 21 56 143 0 59 13 719 56 29 24 370 Sarasota 84 602 66 40 42 099 33 04 708 0 56 42 503 33 36 127 409 Seminole 60 401 72 20 22 635 27 06 622 0 74 37 766 45 14 83 658 Sumter 5 936 59 98 3 900 39 41 60 0 61 2 036 20 57 9 896 Suwannee 5 863 64 27 3 129 34 30 130 1 43 2 734 29 97 9 122 Taylor 4 057 69 06 1 763 30 01 55 0 94 2 294 39 05 5 875 Union 1 644 69 99 691 29 42 14 0 60 953 40 57 2 349 Volusia 74 195 56 56 55 469 42 28 1 518 1 16 18 726 14 28 131 182 Wakulla 3 158 65 72 1 605 33 40 42 0 87 1 553 32 32 4 805 Walton 7 490 69 30 3 235 29 93 83 0 77 4 255 39 37 10 808 Washington 4 374 66 64 2 144 32 66 46 0 70 2 230 33 98 6 564 Totals 2 618 885 60 87 1 656 701 38 51 26 727 0 62 962 184 22 36 4 302 313 Results by congressional district Bush carried 18 of the 19 congressional districts District Bush Dukakis 1st 73 2 26 8 2nd 59 7 40 3 3rd 60 40 4th 64 1 35 9 5th 69 31 6th 61 1 38 9 7th 58 3 41 7 8th 56 44 9th 60 5 39 5 10th 66 4 33 6 11th 71 29 12th 64 6 35 4 13th 68 32 14th 53 1 46 9 15th 53 3 46 7 16th 55 6 44 4 17th 40 9 59 1 18th 58 42 19th 58 9 41 1 See alsoPresidency of George H W BushReferencesMoreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 176 Voter Turnout Florida Division of Elections 2021 Archived from the original on June 2 2015 1988 Presidential Election Statistics Dave Leip s Atlas of U S Presidential Elections Retrieved March 5 2018 Sullivan Robert David How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century America Magazine in The National Catholic Review June 29 2016 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 166 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 3 4 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 167 Black amp Black 1992 p 288 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 6 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 168 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 170 Black amp Black 1992 p 266 Black amp Black 1992 p 263 March 8 1988 Presidential Preference Primary Republican Primary Florida Department of State Division of Elections Elections Results Archive Retrieved July 24 2024 March 8 1988 Presidential Preference Primary Democratic Primary Florida Department of State Division of Elections Elections Results Archive Retrieved July 24 2024 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 130 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 171 173 Black amp Black 1992 p 295 Black amp Black 1992 p 335 Moreland Steed amp Baker 1991 p 172 1988 United States Presidential Election Results by Congressional District Western Washington University Retrieved July 24 2024 Works citedBlack Earl Black Merle 1992 The Vital South How Presidents Are Elected Harvard University Press ISBN 0674941306 Moreland Laurence Steed Robert Baker Tod eds 1991 The 1988 Presidential Election in the South Continuity Amidst Change in Southern Party Politics Praeger Publishers ISBN 0275931455