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General elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 20 December 2023 Combined elections were held for

2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election

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  • 2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election

General elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 20 December 2023. Combined elections were held for the President, 484 of the 500 members of the National Assembly, 700 of the 716 elected members of the 26 provincial assemblies, and for the first time under the new constitution, 951 members of a scaled down number of commune (municipal) councils. On election day CENI, in violation of electoral law, extended voting to 21 December for polling stations that had not opened on 20 December. Some polling stations stayed open on their own accord for up to six extra days.

2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election
image
← 2018 20 December 2023 (2023-12-20) 2028 →
Presidential election
Registered41,738,628
Turnout42.65% (image 4.92pp)
  image image
Nominee Félix Tshisekedi Moïse Katumbi
Party UDPS Ensemble
Alliance USN
Popular vote 13,058,962 3,256,572
Percentage 73.47% 18.32%

imageResults by province
imageResults by territory/city

President before election

Félix Tshisekedi
UDPS (USN)

Elected President

Félix Tshisekedi
UDPS (USN)

Legislative election

484 of the 500 seat National Assembly
251 seats needed for a majority
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
image Sama Lukonde
ACO (USN)
Judith Suminwa
UDPS (USN)
image

The election saw President Félix Tshisekedi win in a landslide victory with 73% of the vote, far ahead of his closest rival, former Katanga Province Governor Moïse Katumbi, who only won 18%, mostly from Katanga region. In the parliamentary election, while Tshisekedi's party only won 69 of the seats, his governing coalition, the Sacred Union of the Nation (USN), won nearly 450, more than 90% of the seats in the National Assembly. As Tshisekedi is dependent on his coalition, he had to compete for other key offices for his party through complex, time consuming negotiations, taking five months to form a government.

Preparations for the election were marred by significant shortcomings, including the distribution of poorly printed voter cards, many of which had become unreadable by the time of the election as they were issued earlier in the year. Voting was further disrupted by missing voter lists and other essential paperwork, broken or absent machinery, delayed openings of polling stations, and intimidation by security forces or individuals acting on behalf of candidates. These widespread issues contributed to the lowest voter turnout ever recorded, potentially disenfranchising millions of voters.

The election, while not excluding any candidate from running and being comparatively peaceful relative to previous elections, had extensive fraud. A domestic observation mission led jointly by the Catholic and various Protestant churches stated that "numerous irregularities affected the integrity of the results of all the polls in some places," such as reports of candidates acquiring voting machines and placing them in their private residences. The opposition called for a rerun of the presidential election but did not take their case to the Constitutional Court, which they see as lacking independence, instead urging street protests that failed to gain momentum. Riots did break out in Katanga over the parliamentary election, as USN members, sometimes fielding no-name candidates, had performed well compared to the presidential election. Katangan elites, excluded from national power in favor of Tshisekedi's allies from his native Kasaï region, are among Tshisekedi's most prominent critics and clashed with Kasaïans, whom many see as "immigrants," over local power in the region. International Crisis Group (ICG) predicted that Katanga could later oppose Tshisekedi more strongly, as opposition could call for greater power and resources to devolve to provincial authorities or "create momentum behind demands for secession, which [had] been largely rhetorical" prior to the ICG's report.

While election irregularities played a part in the opposition's poor performance, other factors included the opposition's failure to unite behind a single candidate, the decision of prominent opposition figures Martin Fayulu and Joseph Kabila to have their coalitions sit out the election, their campaign strategies, and the failure to build grassroots party structures in other regions. In contrast, Tshisekedi had the backing of major political figures, which provided him with a broad territorial network and a foothold in various regions of the country.

CENI later cancelled results in two constituencies and disqualified 82 candidates, mostly members of the USN, from national and local races for fraud. While the move to target mostly USN members may appear to further accountability, analysts,[who?] as well as the Catholic Church, stated that it created a precedent for CENI policing its own work and may have underestimated the amount of fraud.

Elections were not organized in the territories of Kwamouth, Masisi, and Rutshuru due to ongoing armed conflict.

Background

2018 electoral fraud

President Félix Tshisekedi's election in 2018 was extremely controversial, with most independent observers, including the Catholic Church, believing that opposition candidate Martin Fayulu had actually won in a landslide. They believe that outgoing President Joseph Kabila, realising that a chosen successor candidate couldn't credibly win, struck a deal with Tshisekedi to make him president while Kabila governed jointly with him.

According to Jacques Mukena, Senior Governance Researcher at , the election will most likely not be completely free and fair, but believes Tshisekedi and CENI are aware of the fact that they would be under closer scrutiny than in 2018 because more local and international observers would be watching. Additionally, candidates such as Delly Sesanga have already declared that they would believe the Catholic Church's opinion of who won the elections, not CENI's.

According to the Crisis Group, there is a fear of a wider political crisis if losing candidates or their backers do not accept the presidential results. Any crisis, while not inevitable, could worsen the already dire situation in the east.

On 20 November, Fayulu advocated for transparent and impartial elections, he insisted that the Congolese "must no longer accept someone stealing their victory."

Insecurity

image
Map of the M23 offensive with Goma on the north shore of Lake Kivu at the bottom

The Democratic Republic of Congo has suffered from almost constant conflict in the east for the past 30 years. More recently, violence surged in the region after a new rebellion by the M23 group, supported by Rwanda, caused much of the North Kivu province to be occupied by rebels. This upsurge in violence comes as MONUSCO is expected to begin its "accelerated" withdrawal, as requested by Tshisekedi, after an almost 25-year presence in the country.

Due to this, two territories of the province will not be able to vote normally, but if Goma were to fall as it did in 2012, the whole process would be compromised.

With the possibility of over a million voters being disenfranchised from instability, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has proposed sending a regional intervention force into eastern DRC to try to stabilise the area. The SADC Mission in the DRC was first proposed in May and was meant to go in by September but has been postponed, with its most recent summit concerning finance.

According to the Institute for Security Studies, it's hard to imagine the mission could go in and suppress all of eastern DRC's many armed rebel groups in time to enfranchise those voters.

Schedule

Selected dates from the electoral calendar:

  • 24 December 2022—17 March 2023: Voter registration.
    • 24 December—23 January (30 days): Registration in Kongo Central, Kinshasa, Kwango, Kwilu, Mai-Ndombe, Equateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, Sud-Ubangi and Tshuapa provinces.
    • 25 January—23 February (30 days): Registration in Kasaï, Kasaï-Central, Kasaï-Oriental, Lomami, Sankuru, Haut-Lomami, Haut-Katanga, Lualaba and Tanganyika provinces; also for expatriates in South Africa, Belgium, and France.
    • 16 February—17 March (30 days): Registration in Bas-Uélé, Haut-Uélé, Ituri, Tshopo, North Kivu, South Kivu, and Maniema provinces; also for expatriates in Canada and the United States.
  • 21 May 2023: Publication of registration statistics per electoral district—registration totals will determine the size of the provincial assemblies and of the local councils (commune, sector, and chiefdom councils). They are also used to apportion seats to electoral districts.
  • 23 May 2023—15 June 2023: Proportional allocation of seats to electoral districts based on voter registration numbers; drafted and passed as a law.
  • 26 June 2023—8 October 2023: Candidate registration.
    • 26 June—15 July (20 days): Candidates for the National Assembly.
    • 3 August—22 August (20 days): Candidates for provincial assemblies and commune councils.
    • 9 September–8 October (30 days): Candidates for president.
  • 19 November 2023—18 December 2023: Electoral campaigns.
    • 19 November: Start of 30 day campaigns for president, National Assembly, and provincial assemblies.
    • 4 December: Start of 15 day campaigns for commune councils.
  • 20 December 2023: Election day.
  • 20 January 2024: Presidential swearing in ceremony.

Electoral system

Presidential election

The president is elected by plurality voting in one round. For the first time, some Congolese living abroad were able to vote in the presidential election. These were those living in Belgium, Canada, France, South Africa, and the United States.

National Assembly, provincial assembly, and commune council elections

Electoral districts and seat allocation

Except for the four National Assembly districts of Kinshasa, all electoral districts are simply administrative subdivisions of the country; the four exceptions are themselves groupings of administrative divisions of Kinshasa.

Contested electoral districts of the 2023 general election
For the Districts are Total
in Provinces in Kinshasa Districts Seats Candidates
National Assembly territoriesa and cities Kinshasa I-IVb 179 (64)c 484 c. 25,000
26 Provincial assemblies communes 199 (37) 700 c. 32,000
113 Commune councils communesd 113 (0) 951 c. 49,000
Notes: a) Postponed in the territories of Kwamouth, Masisi, and Rutshuru due to armed conflict. b) Kinshasa I: Lukunga, II: Funa, III: Mont-Amba, IV: Tshangu. c) Total single member districts in parentheses. d) Only the communes of Kinshasa and the 25 provincial capitals.

At the start of every five year election cycle voter registration takes place. The results for each province, including Kinshasa, are first used to proportionally distribute the 500 National Assembly seats and the 780 total seats of the provincial assemblies to the provinces. This determines the size of the provincial delegation in the National Assembly and the size of each provincial assembly. The second phase proportionally allocates provincial seats to each assembly district—in the case of the provincial assemblies, up to 10% of seats are reserved for the co-option of traditional leaders and are not allocated to an assembly district.

For the 2023 election, voter registration could not be carried out in some areas of the territories of Kwamouth, Masisi, and Rutshuru due to armed conflict. To deal with this, it was decided to postpone the elections in these territories, to reserve the same number of seats for these districts as they had in 2018, and to proportionally distribute the remaining seats to the other districts. The result was that only 484 National Assembly seats and 700 provincial assembly seats were to be contested.

Lumumbaville elected its first National Assembly deputy and its first deputy to the Provincial Assembly of Sankuru. This was the only new legislative district of the 2024-2028 legislature.

In the case of a commune council election, the commune is the single multi-member electoral district with the number of members determined by the number of registered voters in the commune according to a fixed table.

Getting on the ballot

Each candidate for these elections are part of a three-person ticket which includes candidates for first and second substitute. It is not unusual for a candidate to run for both a national and provincial assembly seat in which case they can keep but one and a substitute takes the other.

A new rule requires participating political parties and alliances to contest at least 60% of the seats up for renewal in an election. So for example, each party/alliance had to register at least 290 candidates to participate in the National Assembly election.

Election method

The method by which members are elected are different in districts having more than one seat, the most common case, from those that end up with only one seat.

In multiple-member districts, members are elected by open list proportional representation, with seats assigned using the largest remainder method. Candidates who win more than half the vote in their district are automatically assigned a seat. Otherwise, a party or independent candidate must meet an election threshold to qualify for seat assignment. The election thresholds for the National Assembly, a provincial assembly, or a commune council are 1% of the vote nationally, 3% provincially, and 10% in the commune, respectively.

In single member districts, members are elected using first-past-the-post voting.

Candidates

The 26 official presidential candidates were:

Active up to election day

  •  [fr]
  • Jean-Claude Baende
  • Martin Fayulu, leader of the
  • Marie-Josée Ifoku
  • Moïse Katumbi, leader of the Together for the Republic
  • Denis Mukwege, winner of the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize
  • Adolphe Muzito, former prime minister (2008–2012)
  • Théodore Ngoy
  • Félix Tshisekedi, incumbent president (2018–present) and leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress
  •  [fr]
  • Floribert Anzuluni

Withdrew in favor of another candidate

  •  [fr], withdrew in favor of Moïse Katumbi
  • Seth Kikuni, withdrew in favor of Moïse Katumbi
  • Matata Ponyo Mapon, former prime minister (2012–2016) withdrew in favor of Moïse Katumbi
  • Delly Sesanga, withdrew in favor of Moïse Katumbi
  •  [fr], withdrew in favor of Félix Tshisekedi
  • , withdrew in favor of Félix Tshisekedi
  • Noël Tshiani, withdrew in favor of Félix Tshisekedi

Opinion polls

Opinion polling is rare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo due to poor roads and lack of electricity. Nevertheless, a survey conducted by in the second quarter of 2023 found that voters expressed significant discontent with the governance under Tshisekedi, assigning him a satisfaction rating of 49.7%. Despite this, the survey also suggested that Tshisekedi would secure a second term thanks in part to perceived improvements, such as his free education initiative, and partly due to a divided opposition.

An earlier 2022 poll by the same group found unemployment and insecurity to be the most cited dysfunctional areas, closely followed by the state of the country's roads and rising prices. On the other hand, free education was found to be the most favorable policy.

Conduct

Pre-election violence

While the lead-up to the election was generally calm, several violent incidents were reported. On 14 July 2023, Chérubin Okende Senga, spokesperson for ENSEMBLE and former transport minister, was fatally shot in Kinshasa. The murder, described by Katumbi as a "political assassination," led to legal action by Senga's relatives in Brussels, accusing the head of the DRC's military intelligence of involvement. Later in the year, a Katumbi rally in Moanda was broken up by live rounds, injuring several people. The provincial government blamed Katumbi's guards, stating that they fired warning shots after the crowd grew rowdy. Katumbi blamed the police.

Violent clashes between supporters of different parties were also observed across various provinces, with candidates facing death threats on the campaign trail. On November 4, suspected UDPS activists attacked the convoy of Martin Fayulu in Tshikapa, Kasai province. On November 7, UDPS supporters clashed with ENSEMBLE supporters at a rally in Kasumbalesa, followed by ransacking of the local UDPS headquarters by Ensemble supporters.

On November 28, during Katumbi's march in Kindu, UDPS supporters threw stones at Dido Kakisingi, leader of ENSEMBLE's Maniema youth league, to then be run over and killed by a truck belonging to the campaign team of Maniema Governor . After his killing, more UDPS supporters were seen throwing stones, and gunshots were recorded, presumably from the Congolese National Police. Two people were sentenced to five years in jail in relation to the killing of Kakisingi.

At least 19 deaths, including two candidates, have been attributed to election-related violence.

Election preparations

CENI was reportedly woefully underprepared for the election. Due to the state of the country's roads compared to its size and the lack of funding, CENI was forced to resort to doing almost everything via plane. As transporting by air is costly, CENI had to get Egypt to send two C-130 Hercules planes to help deliver ballot papers at the last moment. Additionally, CENI begged the UN to use its aircraft.

Election day

On election day voting offices were scheduled to open at 6 AM, but delays were observed nationwide, resulting in the formation of exceptionally long lines. Various logistical issues further compounded the situation, including the late arrival of materials, malfunctioning voting machines, failed batteries intended to sustain their operation, and instances of lost ballot papers. This prolonged waiting period reportedly led to frustration among poorly informed and/or impatient individuals, resulting in attacks on poll workers and polling stations. Additionally, 11,000 voting stations didn't even vote at all or were not counted.

According to Schadrack Mukad, an adjunct executive national secretary of the , which deployed 75,000 observers during the vote, "there were cases of machines that were seized by certain candidates and others by certain agents of CENI outside voting places.” He expressed concern about the involvement of certain politico-administrative authorities and electoral candidates, who he says diverted CENI agents away from polling stations for a significant duration. Mukad attributed these violations to members affiliated with Tshisekedi's coalition.

Controversially, the election necessitated an extension into a second day, a move which was declared illegal by local observers and civil society, and parts of the country were still casting ballots five days after election day.

CENI recognised cases of fraud, vandalism and intimidation, as well as the use of illegal voting machines.

Analysis

According to , in his piece for The New York Review of Books, CENI's polling station data, "although impressive in detail", showed "strange" results. In the Fayulu stronghold of Kinshasa, for example, only 1,756,303 votes were counted–just ten percent of the capital's population.

Tafi Mhaka, in an opinion piece for Aljazeera, described the elections as "shambolic," calling for the Southern African Development Community to uphold electoral standards in every single member country.

Alternatively, , in his piece for The Conversation, partially attributes the opposition's failure to unite behind a single candidate and their campaign strategies, compared to Tshisekedi, who had the backing of major political figures which provided him a broad territorial network and a foothold in various regions of the country.

Results

President

CandidatePartyVotes%
Félix TshisekediUnion for Democracy and Social Progress13,058,96273.47
Moïse KatumbiTogether for the Republic3,256,57218.32
Martin FayuluCommitment to Citizenship and Development875,3364.92
Adolphe MuzitoNew Momentum200,8001.13
Soborabo Radjabho TebabhoCongolese United for Change70,0990.39
Denis MukwegeIndependent39,6390.22
Aggrey Ngalasi KurisiniIndependent37,2010.21
 [fr]Revolutionary Progressive Dynamic36,1970.20
Jean-Claude BaendeIndependent25,5840.14
Delly SesangaFlight17,7850.10
Loli Nkema Liloo BokonziIndependent17,0460.10
Patrice Majondo MwambaIndependent15,7930.09
Marie-Josée IfokuIndependent15,2660.09
Matata Ponyo MaponLeadership and Governance for Development14,1810.08
André Masalu AneduIndependent13,9740.08
Floribert AnzuluniIndependent13,7070.08
Noël TshianiIndependent9,2760.05
Seth KikuniIndependent8,6210.05
Justin Mudekereza BisimwaIndependent7,5730.04
 [fr]Independent6,9110.04
 [fr]Progressive Lumumbist Movement6,7800.04
 [fr]Independent6,3070.04
Rex Kazadi KandaIndependent5,7570.03
Georges Buse FalayIndependent5,2880.03
Enoch NgilaIndependent5,1560.03
Théodore NgoyIndependent4,1320.02
Total17,773,943100.00
Valid votes17,773,94399.85
Invalid/blank votes26,2520.15
Total votes17,800,195100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,738,62842.65
Source: CENI as amended by the Constitutional Court

National Assembly

image
Map displaying seats won by party/alliance

Prominent opposition figure Kabila's People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy and his coalition, the Common Front for Congo (FFC), just like with the presidential election, did not partake in the electoral process, citing unmet demands such as representation of the FCC within CENI, an independent, balanced constitutional court, a consensual electoral law that guarantees greater transparency, security for opposition members, and the restoration of security in the eastern part of the DRC as well as in the province of Mai-Ndombe. Another prominent opposition figure, Fayulu, blocked his party from participating in the parliamentary election.

The provisional results, initially due on January 3, 2024, were delayed by 10 days due to reported fraud and irregularities denounced by CENI. Later, on 4 February, 2024, the CENI published the remaining provisional results of the elections for national and provincial deputies in the electoral districts of Budjala, Bomongo, Ilebo, Kikwit, Kole, Makanza and Mobayi-Mbongo. According to the provisional results, 44 parties and/or political groupings had met the threshold for representation in the National Assembly. The results came from 177 constituencies, excluding Masimanimba in Kwilu and Yakoma in Nord-Ubangi as they were annulled for fraud, and the territories of Masisi and Rutshuru in North Kivu and Kwamouth in Maï-Ndombe, where elections were not held due to the activism of armed groups. Additionally, 82 candidates for the national, provincial and local legislative election had their candidacy invalidated for electoral fraud and other illicit acts.

While Tshisekedi's party, the UDPS, only won 69 of the seats, his governing coalition, the Sacred Union of the Nation (USN), won nearly 450, more than 90% of the seats in the National Assembly.

Matata Ponyo Mapon, Constant Mutamba, Jean-Claude Baende and Adolphe Muzito, who also stood in the presidential election, were elected in Kindu, Lubao, Mbandaka and Kikwit respectively, while a large number of the president's allies, including the two presidents of the houses of parliament: Christophe Mboso and Bahati Lukuebo, Prime Minister Sama Lukonde, and the candidate deputy prime ministers Vital Kamerhe, Jean-Pierre Lihau and Christophe Lutundula, won their seats once again.

Provisional results
image
Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Sacred Union of the NationUnion for Democracy and Social Progress1,664,0499.2669+37
–Union for the Congolese Nation903,9285.0334+18
Alliance of Democratic Forces of Congo890,7534.9635–6
752,5594.1926–
–692,4913.8521–
649,2263.6121–
546,0793.0420–
Movement for the Liberation of the Congo471,3752.6219–3
532,0662.9616–
392,1402.1816–
443,8592.4715–
379,1352.1113–
390,1612.1710–
431,0282.409–
320,3701.789–
260,3921.459–
336,8131.878–
239,9691.338–
191,0561.068–
330,8131.847–
305,7281.707–
284,2051.587–
277,4601.547–
–Unified Lumumbist Party215,8771.208–9
291,2261.626–
287,9961.606–
187,3581.045–
258,2551.444–
206,7211.154–
190,6061.064–
232,6481.293–
200,8991.123–
UDPS/KIBASSA–A180,0541.002+2
179,9291.002–
179,8771.002–
179,8471.002–
221,8691.231–
191,0531.061–
179,8511.000–
Rally of Tshisekediast Democrats105,0460.580–
Action for the Breakthrough and Development and Allies104,8760.580–
Alliance of Christian Democrats of Congo99,7480.550–
Alliance of Democrats for the Emergence of Congo and Allies33,1630.180–
New Conscious Generation12,8620.070–
Total15,425,41685.81447New
Together for the Republic497,0092.7618New
202,7501.135+4
179,9531.000–
179,8701.003–
179,8341.003–
Alternation138,1750.770–
Action of the Allies114,9700.640–
The Progressives110,4610.610–
Action of the Allies Acquired to Democracy104,8410.580–
Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress101,7860.570–
75,9440.421–
Lumbist Social Movement66,5360.370–
Action of the Nationalist Allies for Democracy66,1060.370–
Actions of the Allies for Democracy and Development61,0460.340–
Let's Act 750,9430.280–
Popular Awakening49,1050.270–
Action for Reconstruction and Work and Allies47,8420.270–
Alliance for the Development and Integrity of the Homeland41,7310.230–
New Political Order on the Horizon 2023 in the Democratic Republic of Congo37,4160.210–
Alliance of Reformers for a New Leadership36,0900.200–
Patriotic Front 202333,3830.190–
Alliance of the Congolese for the Refoundation of the Nation32,8660.180–
Party of the Flight of the DR.Congo29,1290.160–
Mbonda24,6920.140–
Citizen Alternative13,7630.080–
Congolese United for Change10,0040.060–
Love of the Neighbor and the Part of Congo5,4710.030–
Independents59,4190.330–
Annulled seats7+7
No election16+16
Total17,976,551100.00500–23
Valid votes17,976,55195.55
Invalid votes748,0793.98
Blank votes88,8390.47
Total votes18,813,469100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,738,62845.07
Source: CENI USN members opposition members

Provincial assemblies

Combined provisional results
Party AbbreviationVotes%Seats+/–
UDPS/TSHISEKEDI10259
 [fr]66–2
A/A-UNC48–
39–
34–
30–
MLC296
26–
ENSEMBLE23–
21–
18–
17–
CDER17–
16–
14–
10–
10–
10–
/PALU9–
8–
8–
ARDEV-A8–
7–
7–
7–
7–
6–
6–
6–
6–
5–
5–
5–
4–
ALTERNANCE4–
AAAD4–
3–
A73–
1A/A3–
CRP3–
3–
2–
2–
2–
2–
ALDEC2–
2–
2–
AAAVC2–
MSL2–
DTC2–
ADCN2–
ASOD2–
1–
1–
LP1–
1–
ART&A1–
1–
ACSCO1–
Other parties and
independents
0 
Annulled12 
Total700–15
Valid votes17,960,91099.53
Invalid/blank votes84,4380.47
Total votes18,045,348100.00
Registered voters/turnout41,738,62843.23
Source: CENI

Composition of provincial assemblies

Province Elected seats
Total V Party
Bas-Uele 17 AAeC UDPS/T. A1 MLC 2A/TDC AB AFDC-A ANB ENSEM.
5 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Equateur 19 FPAU AFDC-A CDER AB APA/MLC MLC AAAP DYPRO UDPS/T.
4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
Haut-Katanga 44 ENSEM. UDPS/T. 2A/TDC ARDEV-A AB 1A/A
11 10 8 8 4 3
Haut-Lomami 24 AB AFDC-A ANB ENSEM. UDPS/T. AAAP ALDEC AUN ALTER. AMSC
4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1
Haut-Uele 18 A/A-UNC A1 A24 UDPS/T. 2A/TDC A/VK2018 A/B50
4 3 3 3 2 2 1
Ituri 43 A/B50 AACPG A/A-UNC AFDC-A 4AC A2R MLC UDPS/T. AAeC MSL
7 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 2
Kasai 30 UDPS/T. A/A-UNC AFDC-A 2A/TDC AACPG A2R A3A APCF DTC ACSCO
6 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1
Kasai Central 31 UDPS/T. A3A 2A/TDC AFDC-A A/A-UNC AACPG APCF ATUA
6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3
Kasai Oriental 22 UDPS/T. 4AC A24 AFDC-A AADC-A AV 2A/TDC
8 3 3 3 2 2 1
Kinshasa 44 UDPS/T. ACP-A 4AC AFDC-A MLC ANB AACPG
14 9 6 6 6 2 1
Kongo Central 36 A/A-UNC AVC-A UDPS/T. AFDC-A CDER AB AV AAAP
8 6 6 4 4 3 3 2
Kwango 22 AAC/PALU AACRD AB UDPS/T. 4AC AAD-A AFDC-A A25 AAAR/CRD AEDC-A CDER
3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Kwilu 43 8 AACPG AAC/PALU AA/C ANB AFDC-A 2A/TDC NOU.EL AV
7 6 5 5 4 3 3 2
Lomami 25 2A/TDC AACPG 4AC AFDC-A UDPS/T. A24 ACP-A ATUA A3A AMSC
4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1
Lualaba 22 A24 A25 ENSEM. A/A-UNC ALTER. UDPS/T. AN ART&A AVAN.-MS
4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1
Mai-Ndombe 17 2 AAAP AAeC ACP-A 2A/TDC ADCN AFDC-A UDPS/T.
5 3 3 1 1 1 1
Maniema 20 AACPG A24 UDPS/T. A/A-UNC ENSEM. A25 AAAP AACRD AB LGD
5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Mongala 18 MLC UDPS/T. FPAU A/A-UNC AA/C A24 A25 CDER
4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1
Nord-Kivu 44 14 A/B50 AAD-A AB CRP UDPS/T. A/A-UNC AAAVC AEDC-A CODE AMSC
7 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1
Nord-Ubangi 17 4 2A/TDC AFDC-A CDER MLC A/A-UNC ADCN AESPA ASOD UDPS/T.
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Sankuru 23 2A/TDC UDPS/T. AB ANB A/A-UNC AAAP AE A/VK2018 AAD-A AFDC-A
4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1
Sud-Kivu 44 A/A-UNC AFDC-A UDPS/T. 2A/TDC AEDC-A AN A/B50 A/VK2018 AAAP
8 8 7 4 4 4 3 3 3
Sud-Ubangi 26 CDER AFDC-A APA/MLC ANB LP MLC AB UDPS/T. ASOD AACPG
6 2 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1
Tanganyika 23 AFDC-A 4AC AB 2A/TDC AABG ANB ENSEM. UDPS/T. ALTER. AVAN.-MS
5 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Tshopo 27 AFDC-A AAAD ANB MLC A/A-UNC AEDC-A UDPS/T. A7
5 4 4 4 3 3 3 1
Tshuapa 17 AB A7 AAD-A ANB APA/MLC A24 AN MLC UDPS/T.
5 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1
Total 716 28
Source: CENI

Aftermath

On 6 January 2024, Katumbi released a statement disputing the results of the election on the grounds of "massive fraud and treachery" and calling for the resignation of Denis Kadima, the head of the Independent National Electoral Commission. Two days later, his party stated that he had been placed under house arrest, with a spokesman reporting the presence of "heavily armed soldiers traveling in armoured vehicles surrounding his house". The security forces were subsequently ordered to withdraw by the provincial governor .

References

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Further reading

  • Walsh, Declan; Bashizi, Arlette (17 December 2023). "The Overlooked Crisis in Congo: 'We Live in War'". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 December 2023.

Author: www.NiNa.Az

Publication date: May 04, 2025 / 09:38

wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library, article, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games, mobile, phone, android, ios, apple, mobile phone, samsung, iphone, xiomi, xiaomi, redmi, honor, oppo, nokia, sonya, mi, pc, web, computer

General elections were held in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on 20 December 2023 Combined elections were held for the President 484 of the 500 members of the National Assembly 700 of the 716 elected members of the 26 provincial assemblies and for the first time under the new constitution 951 members of a scaled down number of commune municipal councils On election day CENI in violation of electoral law extended voting to 21 December for polling stations that had not opened on 20 December Some polling stations stayed open on their own accord for up to six extra days 2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election 2018 20 December 2023 2023 12 20 2028 Presidential electionRegistered41 738 628Turnout42 65 4 92pp Nominee Felix Tshisekedi Moise Katumbi Party UDPS Ensemble Alliance USN Popular vote 13 058 962 3 256 572 Percentage 73 47 18 32 Results by provinceResults by territory cityPresident before election Felix Tshisekedi UDPS USN Elected President Felix Tshisekedi UDPS USN Legislative election484 of the 500 seat National Assembly 251 seats needed for a majorityPrime Minister before Prime Minister afterSama Lukonde ACO USN Judith Suminwa UDPS USN The election saw President Felix Tshisekedi win in a landslide victory with 73 of the vote far ahead of his closest rival former Katanga Province Governor Moise Katumbi who only won 18 mostly from Katanga region In the parliamentary election while Tshisekedi s party only won 69 of the seats his governing coalition the Sacred Union of the Nation USN won nearly 450 more than 90 of the seats in the National Assembly As Tshisekedi is dependent on his coalition he had to compete for other key offices for his party through complex time consuming negotiations taking five months to form a government Preparations for the election were marred by significant shortcomings including the distribution of poorly printed voter cards many of which had become unreadable by the time of the election as they were issued earlier in the year Voting was further disrupted by missing voter lists and other essential paperwork broken or absent machinery delayed openings of polling stations and intimidation by security forces or individuals acting on behalf of candidates These widespread issues contributed to the lowest voter turnout ever recorded potentially disenfranchising millions of voters The election while not excluding any candidate from running and being comparatively peaceful relative to previous elections had extensive fraud A domestic observation mission led jointly by the Catholic and various Protestant churches stated that numerous irregularities affected the integrity of the results of all the polls in some places such as reports of candidates acquiring voting machines and placing them in their private residences The opposition called for a rerun of the presidential election but did not take their case to the Constitutional Court which they see as lacking independence instead urging street protests that failed to gain momentum Riots did break out in Katanga over the parliamentary election as USN members sometimes fielding no name candidates had performed well compared to the presidential election Katangan elites excluded from national power in favor of Tshisekedi s allies from his native Kasai region are among Tshisekedi s most prominent critics and clashed with Kasaians whom many see as immigrants over local power in the region International Crisis Group ICG predicted that Katanga could later oppose Tshisekedi more strongly as opposition could call for greater power and resources to devolve to provincial authorities or create momentum behind demands for secession which had been largely rhetorical prior to the ICG s report While election irregularities played a part in the opposition s poor performance other factors included the opposition s failure to unite behind a single candidate the decision of prominent opposition figures Martin Fayulu and Joseph Kabila to have their coalitions sit out the election their campaign strategies and the failure to build grassroots party structures in other regions In contrast Tshisekedi had the backing of major political figures which provided him with a broad territorial network and a foothold in various regions of the country CENI later cancelled results in two constituencies and disqualified 82 candidates mostly members of the USN from national and local races for fraud While the move to target mostly USN members may appear to further accountability analysts who as well as the Catholic Church stated that it created a precedent for CENI policing its own work and may have underestimated the amount of fraud Elections were not organized in the territories of Kwamouth Masisi and Rutshuru due to ongoing armed conflict Background2018 electoral fraud President Felix Tshisekedi s election in 2018 was extremely controversial with most independent observers including the Catholic Church believing that opposition candidate Martin Fayulu had actually won in a landslide They believe that outgoing President Joseph Kabila realising that a chosen successor candidate couldn t credibly win struck a deal with Tshisekedi to make him president while Kabila governed jointly with him According to Jacques Mukena Senior Governance Researcher at the election will most likely not be completely free and fair but believes Tshisekedi and CENI are aware of the fact that they would be under closer scrutiny than in 2018 because more local and international observers would be watching Additionally candidates such as Delly Sesanga have already declared that they would believe the Catholic Church s opinion of who won the elections not CENI s According to the Crisis Group there is a fear of a wider political crisis if losing candidates or their backers do not accept the presidential results Any crisis while not inevitable could worsen the already dire situation in the east On 20 November Fayulu advocated for transparent and impartial elections he insisted that the Congolese must no longer accept someone stealing their victory Insecurity Map of the M23 offensive with Goma on the north shore of Lake Kivu at the bottom The Democratic Republic of Congo has suffered from almost constant conflict in the east for the past 30 years More recently violence surged in the region after a new rebellion by the M23 group supported by Rwanda caused much of the North Kivu province to be occupied by rebels This upsurge in violence comes as MONUSCO is expected to begin its accelerated withdrawal as requested by Tshisekedi after an almost 25 year presence in the country Due to this two territories of the province will not be able to vote normally but if Goma were to fall as it did in 2012 the whole process would be compromised With the possibility of over a million voters being disenfranchised from instability the Southern African Development Community SADC has proposed sending a regional intervention force into eastern DRC to try to stabilise the area The SADC Mission in the DRC was first proposed in May and was meant to go in by September but has been postponed with its most recent summit concerning finance According to the Institute for Security Studies it s hard to imagine the mission could go in and suppress all of eastern DRC s many armed rebel groups in time to enfranchise those voters ScheduleSelected dates from the electoral calendar 24 December 2022 17 March 2023 Voter registration 24 December 23 January 30 days Registration in Kongo Central Kinshasa Kwango Kwilu Mai Ndombe Equateur Mongala Nord Ubangi Sud Ubangi and Tshuapa provinces 25 January 23 February 30 days Registration in Kasai Kasai Central Kasai Oriental Lomami Sankuru Haut Lomami Haut Katanga Lualaba and Tanganyika provinces also for expatriates in South Africa Belgium and France 16 February 17 March 30 days Registration in Bas Uele Haut Uele Ituri Tshopo North Kivu South Kivu and Maniema provinces also for expatriates in Canada and the United States 21 May 2023 Publication of registration statistics per electoral district registration totals will determine the size of the provincial assemblies and of the local councils commune sector and chiefdom councils They are also used to apportion seats to electoral districts 23 May 2023 15 June 2023 Proportional allocation of seats to electoral districts based on voter registration numbers drafted and passed as a law 26 June 2023 8 October 2023 Candidate registration 26 June 15 July 20 days Candidates for the National Assembly 3 August 22 August 20 days Candidates for provincial assemblies and commune councils 9 September 8 October 30 days Candidates for president 19 November 2023 18 December 2023 Electoral campaigns 19 November Start of 30 day campaigns for president National Assembly and provincial assemblies 4 December Start of 15 day campaigns for commune councils 20 December 2023 Election day 20 January 2024 Presidential swearing in ceremony Electoral systemPresidential election The president is elected by plurality voting in one round For the first time some Congolese living abroad were able to vote in the presidential election These were those living in Belgium Canada France South Africa and the United States National Assembly provincial assembly and commune council elections Electoral districts and seat allocation Except for the four National Assembly districts of Kinshasa all electoral districts are simply administrative subdivisions of the country the four exceptions are themselves groupings of administrative divisions of Kinshasa Contested electoral districts of the 2023 general election For the Districts are Total in Provinces in Kinshasa Districts Seats Candidates National Assembly territoriesa and cities Kinshasa I IVb 179 64 c 484 c 25 000 26 Provincial assemblies communes 199 37 700 c 32 000 113 Commune councils communesd 113 0 951 c 49 000 Notes a Postponed in the territories of Kwamouth Masisi and Rutshuru due to armed conflict b Kinshasa I Lukunga II Funa III Mont Amba IV Tshangu c Total single member districts in parentheses d Only the communes of Kinshasa and the 25 provincial capitals At the start of every five year election cycle voter registration takes place The results for each province including Kinshasa are first used to proportionally distribute the 500 National Assembly seats and the 780 total seats of the provincial assemblies to the provinces This determines the size of the provincial delegation in the National Assembly and the size of each provincial assembly The second phase proportionally allocates provincial seats to each assembly district in the case of the provincial assemblies up to 10 of seats are reserved for the co option of traditional leaders and are not allocated to an assembly district For the 2023 election voter registration could not be carried out in some areas of the territories of Kwamouth Masisi and Rutshuru due to armed conflict To deal with this it was decided to postpone the elections in these territories to reserve the same number of seats for these districts as they had in 2018 and to proportionally distribute the remaining seats to the other districts The result was that only 484 National Assembly seats and 700 provincial assembly seats were to be contested Lumumbaville elected its first National Assembly deputy and its first deputy to the Provincial Assembly of Sankuru This was the only new legislative district of the 2024 2028 legislature In the case of a commune council election the commune is the single multi member electoral district with the number of members determined by the number of registered voters in the commune according to a fixed table Getting on the ballot Each candidate for these elections are part of a three person ticket which includes candidates for first and second substitute It is not unusual for a candidate to run for both a national and provincial assembly seat in which case they can keep but one and a substitute takes the other A new rule requires participating political parties and alliances to contest at least 60 of the seats up for renewal in an election So for example each party alliance had to register at least 290 candidates to participate in the National Assembly election Election method The method by which members are elected are different in districts having more than one seat the most common case from those that end up with only one seat In multiple member districts members are elected by open list proportional representation with seats assigned using the largest remainder method Candidates who win more than half the vote in their district are automatically assigned a seat Otherwise a party or independent candidate must meet an election threshold to qualify for seat assignment The election thresholds for the National Assembly a provincial assembly or a commune council are 1 of the vote nationally 3 provincially and 10 in the commune respectively In single member districts members are elected using first past the post voting CandidatesThe 26 official presidential candidates were Active up to election day fr Jean Claude Baende Martin Fayulu leader of the Marie Josee Ifoku Moise Katumbi leader of the Together for the Republic Denis Mukwege winner of the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize Adolphe Muzito former prime minister 2008 2012 Theodore Ngoy Felix Tshisekedi incumbent president 2018 present and leader of the Union for Democracy and Social Progress fr Floribert Anzuluni Withdrew in favor of another candidate fr withdrew in favor of Moise Katumbi Seth Kikuni withdrew in favor of Moise Katumbi Matata Ponyo Mapon former prime minister 2012 2016 withdrew in favor of Moise Katumbi Delly Sesanga withdrew in favor of Moise Katumbi fr withdrew in favor of Felix Tshisekedi withdrew in favor of Felix Tshisekedi Noel Tshiani withdrew in favor of Felix TshisekediOpinion pollsOpinion polling is rare in the Democratic Republic of the Congo due to poor roads and lack of electricity Nevertheless a survey conducted by in the second quarter of 2023 found that voters expressed significant discontent with the governance under Tshisekedi assigning him a satisfaction rating of 49 7 Despite this the survey also suggested that Tshisekedi would secure a second term thanks in part to perceived improvements such as his free education initiative and partly due to a divided opposition An earlier 2022 poll by the same group found unemployment and insecurity to be the most cited dysfunctional areas closely followed by the state of the country s roads and rising prices On the other hand free education was found to be the most favorable policy ConductPre election violence While the lead up to the election was generally calm several violent incidents were reported On 14 July 2023 Cherubin Okende Senga spokesperson for ENSEMBLE and former transport minister was fatally shot in Kinshasa The murder described by Katumbi as a political assassination led to legal action by Senga s relatives in Brussels accusing the head of the DRC s military intelligence of involvement Later in the year a Katumbi rally in Moanda was broken up by live rounds injuring several people The provincial government blamed Katumbi s guards stating that they fired warning shots after the crowd grew rowdy Katumbi blamed the police Violent clashes between supporters of different parties were also observed across various provinces with candidates facing death threats on the campaign trail On November 4 suspected UDPS activists attacked the convoy of Martin Fayulu in Tshikapa Kasai province On November 7 UDPS supporters clashed with ENSEMBLE supporters at a rally in Kasumbalesa followed by ransacking of the local UDPS headquarters by Ensemble supporters On November 28 during Katumbi s march in Kindu UDPS supporters threw stones at Dido Kakisingi leader of ENSEMBLE s Maniema youth league to then be run over and killed by a truck belonging to the campaign team of Maniema Governor After his killing more UDPS supporters were seen throwing stones and gunshots were recorded presumably from the Congolese National Police Two people were sentenced to five years in jail in relation to the killing of Kakisingi At least 19 deaths including two candidates have been attributed to election related violence Election preparations CENI was reportedly woefully underprepared for the election Due to the state of the country s roads compared to its size and the lack of funding CENI was forced to resort to doing almost everything via plane As transporting by air is costly CENI had to get Egypt to send two C 130 Hercules planes to help deliver ballot papers at the last moment Additionally CENI begged the UN to use its aircraft Election day On election day voting offices were scheduled to open at 6 AM but delays were observed nationwide resulting in the formation of exceptionally long lines Various logistical issues further compounded the situation including the late arrival of materials malfunctioning voting machines failed batteries intended to sustain their operation and instances of lost ballot papers This prolonged waiting period reportedly led to frustration among poorly informed and or impatient individuals resulting in attacks on poll workers and polling stations Additionally 11 000 voting stations didn t even vote at all or were not counted According to Schadrack Mukad an adjunct executive national secretary of the which deployed 75 000 observers during the vote there were cases of machines that were seized by certain candidates and others by certain agents of CENI outside voting places He expressed concern about the involvement of certain politico administrative authorities and electoral candidates who he says diverted CENI agents away from polling stations for a significant duration Mukad attributed these violations to members affiliated with Tshisekedi s coalition Controversially the election necessitated an extension into a second day a move which was declared illegal by local observers and civil society and parts of the country were still casting ballots five days after election day CENI recognised cases of fraud vandalism and intimidation as well as the use of illegal voting machines Analysis According to in his piece for The New York Review of Books CENI s polling station data although impressive in detail showed strange results In the Fayulu stronghold of Kinshasa for example only 1 756 303 votes were counted just ten percent of the capital s population Tafi Mhaka in an opinion piece for Aljazeera described the elections as shambolic calling for the Southern African Development Community to uphold electoral standards in every single member country Alternatively in his piece for The Conversation partially attributes the opposition s failure to unite behind a single candidate and their campaign strategies compared to Tshisekedi who had the backing of major political figures which provided him a broad territorial network and a foothold in various regions of the country ResultsPresident CandidatePartyVotes Felix TshisekediUnion for Democracy and Social Progress13 058 96273 47Moise KatumbiTogether for the Republic3 256 57218 32Martin FayuluCommitment to Citizenship and Development875 3364 92Adolphe MuzitoNew Momentum200 8001 13Soborabo Radjabho TebabhoCongolese United for Change70 0990 39Denis MukwegeIndependent39 6390 22Aggrey Ngalasi KurisiniIndependent37 2010 21 fr Revolutionary Progressive Dynamic36 1970 20Jean Claude BaendeIndependent25 5840 14Delly SesangaFlight17 7850 10Loli Nkema Liloo BokonziIndependent17 0460 10Patrice Majondo MwambaIndependent15 7930 09Marie Josee IfokuIndependent15 2660 09Matata Ponyo MaponLeadership and Governance for Development14 1810 08Andre Masalu AneduIndependent13 9740 08Floribert AnzuluniIndependent13 7070 08Noel TshianiIndependent9 2760 05Seth KikuniIndependent8 6210 05Justin Mudekereza BisimwaIndependent7 5730 04 fr Independent6 9110 04 fr Progressive Lumumbist Movement6 7800 04 fr Independent6 3070 04Rex Kazadi KandaIndependent5 7570 03Georges Buse FalayIndependent5 2880 03Enoch NgilaIndependent5 1560 03Theodore NgoyIndependent4 1320 02Total17 773 943100 00Valid votes17 773 94399 85Invalid blank votes26 2520 15Total votes17 800 195100 00Registered voters turnout41 738 62842 65Source CENI as amended by the Constitutional Court National Assembly Map displaying seats won by party alliance Prominent opposition figure Kabila s People s Party for Reconstruction and Democracy and his coalition the Common Front for Congo FFC just like with the presidential election did not partake in the electoral process citing unmet demands such as representation of the FCC within CENI an independent balanced constitutional court a consensual electoral law that guarantees greater transparency security for opposition members and the restoration of security in the eastern part of the DRC as well as in the province of Mai Ndombe Another prominent opposition figure Fayulu blocked his party from participating in the parliamentary election The provisional results initially due on January 3 2024 were delayed by 10 days due to reported fraud and irregularities denounced by CENI Later on 4 February 2024 the CENI published the remaining provisional results of the elections for national and provincial deputies in the electoral districts of Budjala Bomongo Ilebo Kikwit Kole Makanza and Mobayi Mbongo According to the provisional results 44 parties and or political groupings had met the threshold for representation in the National Assembly The results came from 177 constituencies excluding Masimanimba in Kwilu and Yakoma in Nord Ubangi as they were annulled for fraud and the territories of Masisi and Rutshuru in North Kivu and Kwamouth in Mai Ndombe where elections were not held due to the activism of armed groups Additionally 82 candidates for the national provincial and local legislative election had their candidacy invalidated for electoral fraud and other illicit acts While Tshisekedi s party the UDPS only won 69 of the seats his governing coalition the Sacred Union of the Nation USN won nearly 450 more than 90 of the seats in the National Assembly Matata Ponyo Mapon Constant Mutamba Jean Claude Baende and Adolphe Muzito who also stood in the presidential election were elected in Kindu Lubao Mbandaka and Kikwit respectively while a large number of the president s allies including the two presidents of the houses of parliament Christophe Mboso and Bahati Lukuebo Prime Minister Sama Lukonde and the candidate deputy prime ministers Vital Kamerhe Jean Pierre Lihau and Christophe Lutundula won their seats once again Provisional resultsParty or allianceVotes Seats Sacred Union of the NationUnion for Democracy and Social Progress1 664 0499 2669 37 Union for the Congolese Nation903 9285 0334 18Alliance of Democratic Forces of Congo890 7534 9635 6752 5594 1926 692 4913 8521 649 2263 6121 546 0793 0420 Movement for the Liberation of the Congo471 3752 6219 3532 0662 9616 392 1402 1816 443 8592 4715 379 1352 1113 390 1612 1710 431 0282 409 320 3701 789 260 3921 459 336 8131 878 239 9691 338 191 0561 068 330 8131 847 305 7281 707 284 2051 587 277 4601 547 Unified Lumumbist Party215 8771 208 9291 2261 626 287 9961 606 187 3581 045 258 2551 444 206 7211 154 190 6061 064 232 6481 293 200 8991 123 UDPS KIBASSA A180 0541 002 2179 9291 002 179 8771 002 179 8471 002 221 8691 231 191 0531 061 179 8511 000 Rally of Tshisekediast Democrats105 0460 580 Action for the Breakthrough and Development and Allies104 8760 580 Alliance of Christian Democrats of Congo99 7480 550 Alliance of Democrats for the Emergence of Congo and Allies33 1630 180 New Conscious Generation12 8620 070 Total15 425 41685 81447NewTogether for the Republic497 0092 7618New202 7501 135 4179 9531 000 179 8701 003 179 8341 003 Alternation138 1750 770 Action of the Allies114 9700 640 The Progressives110 4610 610 Action of the Allies Acquired to Democracy104 8410 580 Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress101 7860 570 75 9440 421 Lumbist Social Movement66 5360 370 Action of the Nationalist Allies for Democracy66 1060 370 Actions of the Allies for Democracy and Development61 0460 340 Let s Act 750 9430 280 Popular Awakening49 1050 270 Action for Reconstruction and Work and Allies47 8420 270 Alliance for the Development and Integrity of the Homeland41 7310 230 New Political Order on the Horizon 2023 in the Democratic Republic of Congo37 4160 210 Alliance of Reformers for a New Leadership36 0900 200 Patriotic Front 202333 3830 190 Alliance of the Congolese for the Refoundation of the Nation32 8660 180 Party of the Flight of the DR Congo29 1290 160 Mbonda24 6920 140 Citizen Alternative13 7630 080 Congolese United for Change10 0040 060 Love of the Neighbor and the Part of Congo5 4710 030 Independents59 4190 330 Annulled seats7 7No election16 16Total17 976 551100 00500 23Valid votes17 976 55195 55Invalid votes748 0793 98Blank votes88 8390 47Total votes18 813 469100 00Registered voters turnout41 738 62845 07Source CENI USN members opposition members Provincial assemblies Combined provisional resultsParty AbbreviationVotes Seats UDPS TSHISEKEDI10259 fr 66 2A A UNC48 39 34 30 MLC29626 ENSEMBLE23 21 18 17 CDER17 16 14 10 10 10 PALU9 8 8 ARDEV A8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 ALTERNANCE4 AAAD4 3 A73 1A A3 CRP3 3 2 2 2 2 ALDEC2 2 2 AAAVC2 MSL2 DTC2 ADCN2 ASOD2 1 1 LP1 1 ART amp A1 1 ACSCO1 Other parties and independents0 Annulled12 Total700 15Valid votes17 960 91099 53Invalid blank votes84 4380 47Total votes18 045 348100 00Registered voters turnout41 738 62843 23Source CENI Composition of provincial assemblies Province Elected seats Total V Party Bas Uele 17 AAeC UDPS T A1 MLC 2A TDC AB AFDC A ANB ENSEM 5 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Equateur 19 FPAU AFDC A CDER AB APA MLC MLC AAAP DYPRO UDPS T 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 Haut Katanga 44 ENSEM UDPS T 2A TDC ARDEV A AB 1A A 11 10 8 8 4 3 Haut Lomami 24 AB AFDC A ANB ENSEM UDPS T AAAP ALDEC AUN ALTER AMSC 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 Haut Uele 18 A A UNC A1 A24 UDPS T 2A TDC A VK2018 A B50 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 Ituri 43 A B50 AACPG A A UNC AFDC A 4AC A2R MLC UDPS T AAeC MSL 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 2 2 Kasai 30 UDPS T A A UNC AFDC A 2A TDC AACPG A2R A3A APCF DTC ACSCO 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 Kasai Central 31 UDPS T A3A 2A TDC AFDC A A A UNC AACPG APCF ATUA 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 Kasai Oriental 22 UDPS T 4AC A24 AFDC A AADC A AV 2A TDC 8 3 3 3 2 2 1 Kinshasa 44 UDPS T ACP A 4AC AFDC A MLC ANB AACPG 14 9 6 6 6 2 1 Kongo Central 36 A A UNC AVC A UDPS T AFDC A CDER AB AV AAAP 8 6 6 4 4 3 3 2 Kwango 22 AAC PALU AACRD AB UDPS T 4AC AAD A AFDC A A25 AAAR CRD AEDC A CDER 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Kwilu 43 8 AACPG AAC PALU AA C ANB AFDC A 2A TDC NOU EL AV 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 Lomami 25 2A TDC AACPG 4AC AFDC A UDPS T A24 ACP A ATUA A3A AMSC 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 Lualaba 22 A24 A25 ENSEM A A UNC ALTER UDPS T AN ART amp A AVAN MS 4 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 Mai Ndombe 17 2 AAAP AAeC ACP A 2A TDC ADCN AFDC A UDPS T 5 3 3 1 1 1 1 Maniema 20 AACPG A24 UDPS T A A UNC ENSEM A25 AAAP AACRD AB LGD 5 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Mongala 18 MLC UDPS T FPAU A A UNC AA C A24 A25 CDER 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 Nord Kivu 44 14 A B50 AAD A AB CRP UDPS T A A UNC AAAVC AEDC A CODE AMSC 7 5 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 Nord Ubangi 17 4 2A TDC AFDC A CDER MLC A A UNC ADCN AESPA ASOD UDPS T 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Sankuru 23 2A TDC UDPS T AB ANB A A UNC AAAP AE A VK2018 AAD A AFDC A 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 Sud Kivu 44 A A UNC AFDC A UDPS T 2A TDC AEDC A AN A B50 A VK2018 AAAP 8 8 7 4 4 4 3 3 3 Sud Ubangi 26 CDER AFDC A APA MLC ANB LP MLC AB UDPS T ASOD AACPG 6 2 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1 Tanganyika 23 AFDC A 4AC AB 2A TDC AABG ANB ENSEM UDPS T ALTER AVAN MS 5 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Tshopo 27 AFDC A AAAD ANB MLC A A UNC AEDC A UDPS T A7 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 1 Tshuapa 17 AB A7 AAD A ANB APA MLC A24 AN MLC UDPS T 5 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Total 716 28 Source CENIAftermathOn 6 January 2024 Katumbi released a statement disputing the results of the election on the grounds of massive fraud and treachery and calling for the resignation of Denis Kadima the head of the Independent National Electoral Commission Two days later his party stated that he had been placed under house arrest with a spokesman reporting the presence of heavily armed soldiers traveling in armoured vehicles surrounding his house The security forces were subsequently ordered to withdraw by the provincial governor ReferencesRolley Sonia Kombi Yassin Erikas Fiston Mahamba Kambale Mwisi Kyala Crispin Bashizi Arlette Prentice Alessandra Felix Bate 20 December 2023 Richardson Alex Chopra Toby Maler Sandra Wallis Daniel eds Congo extends chaotic election as opposition calls for rerun Reuters Kinshasa and Goma Retrieved 20 December 2023 Voting extends to 2nd day in Congo elections amid fraud claims Anadolu Ajansi Archived from the original on 21 December 2023 Retrieved 21 December 2023 DR Congo A Full Plate of Challenges after a Turbulent Vote Crisis Group www crisisgroup org 26 January 2024 Retrieved 2 February 2025 DR Congo ends impasse to appoint new government Al Jazeera Retrieved 2 February 2025 Kasanda Albert 17 January 2024 DR Congo s election the key to Felix Tshisekedi s victory The Conversation Retrieved 20 January 2024 Is DRC heading for another chaotic election ISS Africa 3 November 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 Elections in DR Congo Reducing the Risk of Violence www crisisgroup org 30 October 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 Martin Fayulu a Bagata Nous allons avoir une armee de 500 000 personnes bien formees et bien equipee Radio Okapi in French 21 November 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 DRC campaigning for presidential elections officially launched Africanews 19 November 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 DR Congo faces logistical security challenges before pivotal December poll France 24 16 November 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 CENI Synthese du Calendrier des Activites Electorales PDF in French Radio Okapi Archived PDF from the original on 30 November 2022 Retrieved 30 November 2022 CENI Calendrier des Activites Electorales PDF in French Archived PDF from the original on 26 June 2023 Retrieved 26 June 2023 Constitution de la Republique Democratique du Congo The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo PDF LEGANET CD in French 20 January 2011 Article 71 Archived PDF from the original on 21 February 2019 Retrieved 20 July 2022 Tabulated from the lists of candidates for the National Assembly the provincial assemblies and the commune councils available at the CENI website Archived 5 January 2024 at the Wayback Machine See for example the list of provincial deputy candidates of Tshuapa province Archived 28 December 2023 at the Wayback Machine Glez Damien 3 January 2023 Elections en RDC pas de glissement mais des reports Jeune Afrique in French Archived from the original on 3 January 2024 Retrieved 4 January 2024 Liste des meilleurs elus aux legislatives nationales de decembre 2023 List of those elected with absolute majorities in the National Assembly elections of December 2023 PDF in French CENI 19 January 2024 p 7 Retrieved 19 March 2024 Voici les deputes provinciaux elus Nord Kivu Nord Ubangi Sankuru Sud Kivu Sud Ubangi Tanganyka Tshopo et Tshuapa Forum des As in French 24 January 2024 Retrieved 19 March 2024 RDC plus de 20 000 candidatures pour 484 sieges a l Assemblee Le360 Afrique in French with AFP 11 August 2023 Archived from the original on 25 September 2023 Retrieved 6 January 2024 Elections 2023 688 candidats elus provisoirement deputes provinciaux CENI Radio Okapi in French 22 January 2024 Retrieved 23 January 2024 RDC Carole Agito Matata Ponyo et Sakombi Molendo parmi les deputes les mieux elus Actualite cd in French 14 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 Pour obtenir un siege dans les assemblees le nombre de voix ne suffit pas Studio Hirondelle RDC in French 9 January 2024 Retrieved 20 January 2024 Presidentielle 2023 la Cour constitutionnelle valide 2 nouvelles candidatures Radio Okapi in French 30 October 2023 Archived from the original on 20 November 2023 Retrieved 20 November 2023 Elections 2023 apres Matata et Kikuni Franck Diongo se rallie a Moise Katumbi Radio Okapi in French 20 November 2023 Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 Presidentielle 2023 Matata Ponyo se retire au profit de Moise Katumbi Radio Okapi in French 19 November 2023 Archived from the original on 20 November 2023 Retrieved 20 November 2023 Presidentielle 2023 le candidat Delly Sessanga rallie Moise Katumbi Radio Okapi in French 3 December 2023 Archived from the original on 3 December 2023 Retrieved 3 December 2023 Campagne electorale en RDC desistement de 7 candidats president en un mois Radio Okapi in French 18 December 2023 Archived from the original on 20 December 2023 Retrieved 20 December 2023 Kibuacha Frankline 23 August 2023 The GeoPoll Socio Political Barometer Survey DRC Q2 2023 Report GeoPoll Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 Angus Hammond Matt 23 December 2022 Democratic Republic of the Congo The GeoPoll Socio Political Barometer Survey Report Preview GeoPoll Archived from the original on 21 November 2023 Retrieved 21 November 2023 La Prosperite Cherubin Okende les Eveques catholiques exigent la tete de Cain Radio Okapi in French 14 July 2023 Retrieved 18 January 2024 Relatives of slain Congolese politician file suit in Belgium against Intelligence chief The Brussels Times Retrieved 18 January 2024 Christensen Sofia Kasongo Ange Congo opposition candidate suspends presidential campaign after violence Reuters DR Congo Electoral Violence Threatens Vote HRW 16 December 2023 Retrieved 20 December 2024 Stoecklin Sarah Giannardi Riccardo 10 December 2024 Retracing the Congolese March Where Dido Kakisingi was Killed Bellingcat Retrieved 20 December 2024 Carter Center preliminary statement on the Democratic Republic of the Congo general elections Democratic Republic of the Congo ReliefWeb reliefweb int 23 December 2023 Retrieved 18 January 2024 Niarchos Nicolas 16 January 2024 A Simulacrum of Elections Nicolas Niarchos The New York Review of Books Retrieved 18 January 2024 DR Congo s President Tshisekedi sworn in for second term amid disputes Al Jazeera Retrieved 20 January 2024 Mhaka Tafi DR Congo s shambolic election should be a wake up call for the SADC Al Jazeera Retrieved 20 January 2024 Resultats des elections combinees du 20 decembre 2023 Results of the combined elections of 20 December 2023 in French CENI Retrieved 15 January 2024 Audience publique du 09 janvier 2024 Contentieux des resultats de la presidentielle Public Hearing of January 09 2024 Litigation over the presidential election results video in French Constitutional Court 9 January 2024 Event occurs at 1 47 00 Retrieved 13 January 2024 via Facebook Kinshasa le FCC reitere les prealables a sa participation au processus electoral Radio Okapi in French 16 October 2023 Retrieved 1 February 2025 DR Congo A Full Plate of Challenges after a Turbulent Vote Crisis Group www crisisgroup org 26 January 2024 Retrieved 1 February 2025 Joslin Lomba 14 January 2024 Proclamation des resultats legislatives Voici les 44 partis et regroupements politiques ayant atteint le seuil mediacongo net Retrieved 14 January 2024 COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE N 010 CENI 2024 Portant publication des resultats provisoires a l election des Deputes nationaux et provinciaux dans les circonscriptions electorales de Budjala Bomongo Ilebo Kikwit Kole Makanza et Mobayi Mbongo PRESS RELEASE No 010 CENI 2024 Publishing the provisional results of the election of national and provincial deputies in the electoral districts of Budjala Bomongo Ilebo Kikwit Kole Makanza and Mobayi Mbongo www ceni cd in French Retrieved 19 March 2025 RDC Les resultats provisoires des legislatives nationales devoiles Actualite cd in French 14 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Bruno Nsaka 13 January 2024 Publication des resultats des legislatives nationales Ce qu il faut savoir avant l heure H Actualite cd in French Retrieved 14 January 2024 L Avenir Crash electoral La CENI invalide 82 candidats Radio Okapi in French 8 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Resultats provisoires des legislatives nationales 477 deputes elus pour le compte de 44 partis et regroupements politiques CENI Radio Okapi in French 14 January 2024 Retrieved 14 January 2024 Patient Ligodi 14 January 2024 Premiers resultats des legislatives en RDC probable majorite parlementaire pour Felix Tshisekedi RFI in French Retrieved 14 January 2024 Legislatives nationales Liste des partis regroupements politiques ayant atteint le seuil de representativite National legislative elections List of parties alliances that have reached the electoral threshold in French CENI Retrieved 17 January 2024 RDC Liste des Elus a la Deputation national DRC List of Elected Members of the National Assembly in French CENI Retrieved 19 March 2025 Membres Signataires de la Charte de l USN Site officiel de l Union Sacree de la Nation in French Retrieved 1 February 2025 Assemble nationale l opposition parlementaire accorde le poste de rapporteur adjoint a Ensemble pour la Republique Radio Okapi in French 21 April 2024 Retrieved 1 February 2025 La liste des elus a la deputation provinciale de 2023 The list of those elected as provincial deputies in 2023 in French CENI 28 January 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 COMMUNIQUE DE PRESSE N 010 CENI 2024 Portant publication des resultats provisoires a l election des Deputes nationaux et provinciaux dans les circonscriptions electorales de Budjala Bomongo Ilebo Kikwit Kole Makanza et Mobayi Mbongo PRESS RELEASE No 010 CENI 2024 Publication of provisional results for the election of national and provincial deputies in the electoral districts of Budjala Bomongo Ilebo Kikwit Kole Makanza and Mobayi Mbongo in French CENI 4 February 2024 Retrieved 9 February 2024 CENI 21 January 2024 Legislatives provinciales en RDC la CENI a proclame 688 candidats provisoirement elus Provincial elections in the DRC CENI proclaims 688 candidates provisionally elected video in French 3PLMek officiel Event occurs at 12 35 Retrieved 9 February 2024 via YouTube DR Congo opposition politician Moise Katumbi blocked from leaving home The New Times Rwanda 9 January 2024 Archived from the original on 10 January 2024 Retrieved 10 January 2024 Moise Katumbi in DR Congo Troops surrounded poll loser s home BBC News 9 January 2024 Archived from the original on 10 January 2024 Retrieved 10 January 2024 Further readingWalsh Declan Bashizi Arlette 17 December 2023 The Overlooked Crisis in Congo We Live in War The New York Times Retrieved 18 December 2023

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