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Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, located in northern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, preserves the sites of two major battles of the American Civil War: the Battle of Chickamauga and the Siege of Chattanooga. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the National Park Service in 1998.
| Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park | |
|---|---|
 Cannon Row | |
  Location in Tennessee  Location in United States | |
| Location | Catoosa, Dade, & Walker County, Georgia & Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States |
| Nearest city | Chattanooga, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 34°56′24″N 85°15′36″W / 34.94000°N 85.26000°W |
| Area | 9,523 acres (38.54 km2) |
| Established | August 19, 1890 |
| Visitors | 1,021,822 (in 2023) |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
| Website | Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park |
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park | |
U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
U.S. Historic district | |
| Location | S of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia |
| Built | 1890 |
| Built by | United States War Department, National Park Service |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/Craftsman, Single-pen log cabin |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000274 |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966 |
History
Starting in 1890, during the decade, the Congress of the United States authorized the establishment of the first four national military parks: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, Shiloh, Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
The first and largest of these (5,300 acres or 2,145 ha), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at Chickamauga, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was officially dedicated in September 1895. It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals Henry V. Boynton and Ferdinand Van Derveer, both veterans of the Union Army of the Cumberland, who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields. Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General Henry M. Cist, who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. Franklin Guest Smith, a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908. Another former Union officer, Charles H. Grosvenor, was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The National Park Service took over site management in 1933.
Use during the Spanish–American War
The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the Spanish–American War as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp George H. Thomas" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.
Park areas
The military park consists of four main areas, and a few small isolated reservations, around Chattanooga.
- Chickamauga Battlefield
- Missionary Ridge
- Lookout Mountain Battlefield and Point Park
- Moccasin Bend
On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. Moccasin Bend Archaeological District, designated a National Historic Landmark on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from Lookout Mountain. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.
See also
- First Battle of Chattanooga
- Second Battle of Chattanooga
References
- "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2020" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved August 15, 2021. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
- "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
- "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe (February 10, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park". National Park Service. and more than 100 accompanying photos
- Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) <http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/LSU_CNP>
- "Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15.
- Suter, J. L., ed. (1908). District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Press. p. 434 – via Google Books.
- "Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.
- "The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas". The New York Times. April 23, 1898. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
- "Spanish–American War". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
- "Visit". Friends of Moccasin Bend. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
External links
- Official website
- Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
- Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation:
- HAER No. GA-95, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Fort Oglethorpe, Catoosa County, GA", 54 photos, 15 measured drawings, 9 data pages, 4 photo caption pages
- HAER No. GA-95-A, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Alexander's Bridge", 10 photos, 2 measured drawings, 15 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. GA-95-B, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Connecting Roadway", 4 photos, 2 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. GA-95-C, "Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Gordon's Slough Bridge", 4 photos, 2 measured drawings, 9 data pages, 1 photo caption page
- HAER No. TN-36, "Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN", 32 photos, 2 data pages, 3 photo caption pages
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Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park located in northern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee preserves the sites of two major battles of the American Civil War the Battle of Chickamauga and the Siege of Chattanooga A detailed history of the park s development was provided by the National Park Service in 1998 Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military ParkCannon RowLocation in TennesseeShow map of TennesseeLocation in United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocationCatoosa Dade amp Walker County Georgia amp Hamilton County Tennessee United StatesNearest cityChattanooga TennesseeCoordinates34 56 24 N 85 15 36 W 34 94000 N 85 26000 W 34 94000 85 26000Area9 523 acres 38 54 km2 EstablishedAugust 19 1890Visitors1 021 822 in 2023 Governing bodyNational Park ServiceWebsiteChickamauga and Chattanooga National Military ParkChickamauga and Chattanooga National Military ParkU S National Register of Historic PlacesU S Historic districtLocationS of Chattanooga on U S 27 Fort Oglethorpe GeorgiaBuilt1890Built byUnited States War Department National Park ServiceArchitectural styleBungalow Craftsman Single pen log cabinNRHP reference No 66000274Added to NRHPOctober 15 1966 Wilder Brigade Monument at the Chickamauga Battlefield unitHistoryStarting in 1890 during the decade the Congress of the United States authorized the establishment of the first four national military parks Chickamauga and Chattanooga Shiloh Gettysburg and Vicksburg The first and largest of these 5 300 acres or 2 145 ha and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based was authorized in 1890 at Chickamauga Georgia and Chattanooga Tennessee It was officially dedicated in September 1895 It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals Henry V Boynton and Ferdinand Van Derveer both veterans of the Union Army of the Cumberland who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields Another early proponent and driving force behind the park s creation was Ohio General Henry M Cist who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888 Franklin Guest Smith a former Union officer still on active duty served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908 Another former Union officer Charles H Grosvenor was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917 During the Park s early years it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial The National Park Service took over site management in 1933 Use during the Spanish American WarThe newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the Spanish American War as a major training center for troops in the southern states The park was temporarily renamed Camp George H Thomas in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site The park s proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south Park areasThe military park consists of four main areas and a few small isolated reservations around Chattanooga Chickamauga Battlefield Missionary Ridge Lookout Mountain Battlefield and Point Park Moccasin Bend On October 15 1966 as with all historic areas already administered by the National Park Service the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places On February 20 2003 Public Law No 108 7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park Moccasin Bend Archaeological District designated a National Historic Landmark on September 8 1986 is directly across the Tennessee River from Lookout Mountain It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend including two hiking trails the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road and a ten acre meadow Each of these areas is open to the public The park anticipates further development land restoration and visitor services in the years to come Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend viewed from the Lookout Mountain unitSee alsoGeorgia U S State portal First Battle of Chattanooga Second Battle of ChattanoogaReferencesWikimedia Commons has media related to Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Listing of acreage December 31 2020 XLSX Land Resource Division National Park Service Retrieved August 15 2021 National Park Service Acreage Reports NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report National Park Service Retrieved September 23 2024 National Register Information System National Register of Historic Places National Park Service July 9 2010 Jill K Hanson and Robert W Blvthe February 10 1998 National Register of Historic Places Registration Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park National Park Service and more than 100 accompanying photos Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Ga and Tenn Commission Louisiana Committee Photographs Mss 4504 Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections LSU Libraries Baton Rouge Louisiana USA accessed 26 January 2015 lt http www louisianadigitallibrary org cdm landingpage collection LSU CNP gt Saving History for Generations The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park Hallowed Ground Fall 2013 Vol 14 no 3 pages 14 15 Suter J L ed 1908 District of Columbia Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens Washington D C Potomac Press p 434 via Google Books Saving History for Generations The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park Hallowed Ground Fall 2013 Vol 14 no 3 page 15 The Troops at Chickamauga Park now called Camp George H Thomas The New York Times April 23 1898 Retrieved February 1 2010 Spanish American War The Encyclopedia of Arkansas Retrieved February 1 2010 Visit Friends of Moccasin Bend Archived from the original on April 12 2016 Retrieved March 11 2016 External linksOfficial website Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Ga and Tenn Commission Louisiana Committee Photographs Mss 4504 Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections LSU Libraries Baton Rouge Louisiana USA accessed 26 January 2015 http www louisianadigitallibrary org cdm search collection LSU CNP Historic American Engineering Record HAER documentation HAER No GA 95 Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads Fort Oglethorpe Catoosa County GA 54 photos 15 measured drawings 9 data pages 4 photo caption pages HAER No GA 95 A Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads Alexander s Bridge 10 photos 2 measured drawings 15 data pages 1 photo caption page HAER No GA 95 B Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads Connecting Roadway 4 photos 2 data pages 1 photo caption page HAER No GA 95 C Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads Gordon s Slough Bridge 4 photos 2 measured drawings 9 data pages 1 photo caption page HAER No TN 36 Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads Chattanooga Hamilton County TN 32 photos 2 data pages 3 photo caption pages