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Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland (20 July 1851– 27 June 1913), styled Lord Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower until 1858, Earl Gower between 1858 and 1861 and Marquess of Stafford between 1861 and 1892, was a British peer and politician from the Leveson-Gower family.
His Grace The Duke of Sutherland KG | |
|---|---|
| Tenure | 22 September 1892 – 27 June 1913 |
| Predecessor | George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland |
| Successor | George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland |
| Other titles | Earl of Sutherland |
| Born | 20 July 1851 London |
| Died | 27 June 1913 (aged 61) |
| Spouse(s) | Lady Millicent St Clair-Erskine |
| Issue | Lady Victoria Elizabeth Sutherland-Leveson-Gower George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland Lord Alastair Sutherland-Leveson-Gower Rosemary Ward, Viscountess Ednam |
| Parents | George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland Anne Hay-Mackenzie |
Early life
Sutherland was the eldest son of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland. He was born in London and educated at Eton College.
Career
As Marquess of Stafford, Sutherland entered the 2nd Life Guards as a cornet. He retired from regular army service as a lieutenant in 1875, but was commissioned Captain in the Staffordshire Yeomanry in 1876 and commanded that regiment as Lieutenant-Colonel from 1891 to 1898, after which he became its honorary colonel. He was also Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sutherland Rifles, a volunteer regiment of his ducal county in Scotland, from 1882 to 1891. From 1911 until his death he was honorary colonel of the 5th Territorial Force battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders.
Under the name of Marquess of Stafford, Sutherland served as member of parliament for Sutherland from the election of 1874, when he was unopposed, standing as a Liberal, and held the seat as a Liberal until he stood down at the 1886 election. On succeeding to his father's peerages in 1892, he became a member of the House of Lords. By then his political allegiance had shifted, and he sat on the Conservative benches. He also served as Mayor of Longton, near Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, in 1895–96, and was an alderman of the borough from 1898. For some years he was Master of Foxhounds of the North Staffordshire Hunt.
Sutherland's father, the 3rd Duke, was a railway pioneer and built a 17-mile private railway with a locomotive named Dunrobin (after the family's castle). The 4th Duke had a new locomotive built, also named Dunrobin, with two private railway carriages which he used on the private line and also attached to main-line trains.
The Duke was President of the Staffordshire Territorial Forces Association from the formation of the Territorial Force in 1908.
Despite being very rich, Sutherland became concerned that his landed estates were no longer viable. Towards the end of his life, he sold properties in Great Britain, such as Trentham Hall and Stafford House,[citation needed] and began moving his wealth to Canada.
Honours
The Duke was appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter (KG) in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902, and was invested by Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 8 August 1902.
Marriage and children
He married Lady Millicent St Clair-Erskine, daughter of Robert St Clair-Erskine, 4th Earl of Rosslyn, on 20 October 1884. They had four children:
- Lady Victoria Elizabeth Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1885–1888), died young.
- George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland (1888–1963)
- Lord Alastair St. Clair Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1890–1921), married Elizabeth Demarest (former wife of John G. A. Leishman Jr., only son of John George Alexander Leishman). They were the parents of Elizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland.
- Lady Rosemary Millicent Sutherland-Leveson-Gower (1893–1930), dated Edward, Prince of Wales before marrying William Ward, 3rd Earl of Dudley and had issue. Died in a plane crash with Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 3rd Marquess of Dufferin and Ava.
In 1900 the Duke of Sutherland owned about 1,358,000 acres (550,000 hectares) and the steam yacht Catania, which was chartered by some of the super-rich of that era.
The Duke died at Dunrobin Castle, Sutherland, on 27 June 1913, aged 61, and was buried at Dunrobin.
References
- Who's Who 1914, p. xxiv, has 26 June as the date of death
- The Complete Peerage, Volume XII. St Catherine's Press. 1953. p. 567.
- Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1900. Kelly's. p. 1301.
- Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes, 1913. Kelly's. p. 1648.
- "Exhibition Details - Sutherland Index". www.search.sutherlandcollection.org.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
- The Complete Peerage, Volume XII. p. 568.
- Duke of Sutherland dead, New York Times
- "The Coronation Honours". The Times. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
- "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36842. London. 9 August 1902. p. 6.
- Rachel Trethewey (The History Press, 2018) Before Wallis: Edward VIII’s other women
External links
- Works by or about Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland at the Internet Archive
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Sutherland
- "SUTHERLAND, 4th Duke of (cr. 1833), Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower". Who's who biographies, 1901. 1901. p. 1084.
Author: www.NiNa.Az
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Cromartie Sutherland Leveson Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland 20 July 1851 27 June 1913 styled Lord Cromartie Sutherland Leveson Gower until 1858 Earl Gower between 1858 and 1861 and Marquess of Stafford between 1861 and 1892 was a British peer and politician from the Leveson Gower family His Grace The Duke of Sutherland KGTenure22 September 1892 27 June 1913PredecessorGeorge Sutherland Leveson Gower 3rd Duke of SutherlandSuccessorGeorge Sutherland Leveson Gower 5th Duke of SutherlandOther titlesEarl of SutherlandBorn 1851 07 20 20 July 1851 LondonDied27 June 1913 1913 06 27 aged 61 Spouse s Lady Millicent St Clair ErskineIssueLady Victoria Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson Gower George Sutherland Leveson Gower 5th Duke of Sutherland Lord Alastair Sutherland Leveson Gower Rosemary Ward Viscountess EdnamParentsGeorge Sutherland Leveson Gower 3rd Duke of Sutherland Anne Hay Mackenzie Quartered arms of Cromartie Sutherland Leveson Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland KGEarly lifeSutherland was the eldest son of George Sutherland Leveson Gower 3rd Duke of Sutherland He was born in London and educated at Eton College CareerAs Marquess of Stafford Sutherland entered the 2nd Life Guards as a cornet He retired from regular army service as a lieutenant in 1875 but was commissioned Captain in the Staffordshire Yeomanry in 1876 and commanded that regiment as Lieutenant Colonel from 1891 to 1898 after which he became its honorary colonel He was also Lieutenant Colonel of the Sutherland Rifles a volunteer regiment of his ducal county in Scotland from 1882 to 1891 From 1911 until his death he was honorary colonel of the 5th Territorial Force battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders Under the name of Marquess of Stafford Sutherland served as member of parliament for Sutherland from the election of 1874 when he was unopposed standing as a Liberal and held the seat as a Liberal until he stood down at the 1886 election On succeeding to his father s peerages in 1892 he became a member of the House of Lords By then his political allegiance had shifted and he sat on the Conservative benches He also served as Mayor of Longton near Stoke on Trent Staffordshire in 1895 96 and was an alderman of the borough from 1898 For some years he was Master of Foxhounds of the North Staffordshire Hunt Sutherland s father the 3rd Duke was a railway pioneer and built a 17 mile private railway with a locomotive named Dunrobin after the family s castle The 4th Duke had a new locomotive built also named Dunrobin with two private railway carriages which he used on the private line and also attached to main line trains The Duke was President of the Staffordshire Territorial Forces Association from the formation of the Territorial Force in 1908 Despite being very rich Sutherland became concerned that his landed estates were no longer viable Towards the end of his life he sold properties in Great Britain such as Trentham Hall and Stafford House citation needed and began moving his wealth to Canada HonoursThe Duke was appointed a Knight Companion of the Order of the Garter KG in the 1902 Coronation Honours list published on 26 June 1902 and was invested by Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 8 August 1902 Marriage and childrenHe married Lady Millicent St Clair Erskine daughter of Robert St Clair Erskine 4th Earl of Rosslyn on 20 October 1884 They had four children Lady Victoria Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson Gower 1885 1888 died young George Granville Sutherland Leveson Gower 5th Duke of Sutherland 1888 1963 Lord Alastair St Clair Sutherland Leveson Gower 1890 1921 married Elizabeth Demarest former wife of John G A Leishman Jr only son of John George Alexander Leishman They were the parents of Elizabeth Sutherland 24th Countess of Sutherland Lady Rosemary Millicent Sutherland Leveson Gower 1893 1930 dated Edward Prince of Wales before marrying William Ward 3rd Earl of Dudley and had issue Died in a plane crash with Frederick Hamilton Temple Blackwood 3rd Marquess of Dufferin and Ava In 1900 the Duke of Sutherland owned about 1 358 000 acres 550 000 hectares and the steam yacht Catania which was chartered by some of the super rich of that era The Duke died at Dunrobin Castle Sutherland on 27 June 1913 aged 61 and was buried at Dunrobin ReferencesWho s Who 1914 p xxiv has 26 June as the date of death The Complete Peerage Volume XII St Catherine s Press 1953 p 567 Kelly s Handbook of the Titled Landed and Official Classes 1900 Kelly s p 1301 Kelly s Handbook of the Titled Landed and Official Classes 1913 Kelly s p 1648 Exhibition Details Sutherland Index www search sutherlandcollection org uk Retrieved 30 December 2023 The Complete Peerage Volume XII p 568 Duke of Sutherland dead New York Times The Coronation Honours The Times No 36804 London 26 June 1902 p 5 Court Circular The Times No 36842 London 9 August 1902 p 6 Rachel Trethewey The History Press 2018 Before Wallis Edward VIII s other womenExternal linksWorks by or about Cromartie Sutherland Leveson Gower 4th Duke of Sutherland at the Internet Archive Hansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Sutherland SUTHERLAND 4th Duke of cr 1833 Cromartie Sutherland Leveson Gower Who s who biographies 1901 1901 p 1084 Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded byLord Ronald Gower Member of Parliament for Sutherland 1874 1886 Succeeded byAngus Sutherland Honorary titles Preceded byThe 3rd Duke of Sutherland Lord Lieutenant of Sutherland 1892 1913 Succeeded byThe 5th Duke of Sutherland Peerage of the United Kingdom Preceded byGeorge Sutherland Leveson Gower Duke of Sutherland 1892 1913 Succeeded byGeorge Sutherland Leveson Gower