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This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2016) |
An appointed officer of the United States House of Representatives from 1789 until 1995, the doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives was chosen by a resolution at the opening of each United States Congress. The Office of the Doorkeeper was based on precedent from the Continental Congresses. Without debate, the first federal Congress created the doorkeeper's position by resolution on April 2, 1789. The doorkeeper controlled access to the House chamber and eventually oversaw the press in the gallery.
The doorkeeper's most visible job was introducing American presidents and foreign dignitaries to Congress. For 18 years, before the State of the Union address, Doorkeeper James T. Molloy announced, "Mister Speaker, the president of the United States."
The Office of the Doorkeeper was abolished during the 104th Congress (Pub. L. 104–186 (text) (PDF)) in an effort to save money. Thirty-three doorkeepers served until the position was abolished and the office's duties were divided among the sergeant at arms, the clerk of the House, and the newly created chief administrative officer.
List of doorkeepers
Two doorkeepers also served as members of the United States House of Representatives (indicated below by asterisks) either prior to or after their service as a House officer.
| Congress (years) | Doorkeepers, state or territory | Date elected |
|---|---|---|
| 1st (1789–91) | Gifford Dalley, NY | April 4, 1789 |
| 2nd (1791–93) | October 24, 1791 | |
| 3rd (1793–95) | December 2, 1793 | |
| 4th (1795–97) | Thomas Claxton, CT | December 7, 1795 |
| 5th (1797–99) | May 15, 1797 | |
| 6th (1799-1801) | December 2, 1799 | |
| 7th (1801–03) | December 7, 1801 | |
| 8th (1803–05) | October 17, 1803 | |
| 9th (1805–07) | December 2, 1805 | |
| 10th (1807–09) | October 27, 1807 | |
| 11th (1809–11) | May 22, 1809 | |
| 12th (1811–13) | November 4, 1811 | |
| 13th (1813–15) | May 24, 1813 | |
| 14th (1815–17) | December 4, 1815 | |
| 15th (1817–19) | December 1, 1817 | |
| 16th (1819–21) | December 6, 1819 | |
| 17th (1821–23) | , MD | December 4, 1821 |
| 18th (1823–25) | December 1, 1823 | |
| 19th (1825–27) | December 5, 1825 | |
| 20th (1827–29) | December 3, 1827 | |
| 21st (1829–31) | December 7, 1829 | |
| 22nd (1831–33) | , MD | December 7, 1831 |
| 23rd (1833–35) | December 3, 1833 | |
| 24th (1835–37) | December 15, 1835 | |
| 25th (1837–39) | September 4, 1837 | |
| , MA | April 5, 1838 | |
| 26th (1839–41) | December 23, 1839 | |
| 27th (1841–43) | June 9, 1841 | |
| 28th (1843–45) | , CT | December 7, 1843 |
| 29th (1845–47) | , DC | December 3, 1845 |
| 30th (1847–49) | , NJ | December 8, 1847 |
| 31st (1849–51) | N/A | |
| 32nd (1851–53) | , MD | December 1, 1851 |
| 33rd (1853–55) | December 5, 1853 | |
| 34th (1855–57) | , NY | February 5, 1856 |
| 35th (1857–59) | , VA | December 7, 1857 |
| , NJ | May 18, 1858 | |
| 36th (1859–61) | December 5, 1859 | |
| George Marston, NH | February 6, 1860 | |
| 37th (1861–63) | , NY | July 5, 1861 |
| 38th (1863–65) | December 8, 1863 | |
| 39th (1865–67) | December 4, 1865 | |
| 40th (1867–69) | Charles E. Lippincott, IL | March 5, 1867 |
| 41st (1869–71) | , NY | March 5, 1869 |
| 42nd (1871–73) | March 4, 1871 | |
| 43rd (1873–75) | December 1, 1873 | |
| 44th (1875–77) | , TX | December 6, 1875 |
| John H. Patterson, NJ | May 26, 1876 | |
| 45th (1877–79) | , MO | October 17, 1877 |
| Charles W. Field, GA | April 8, 1878 | |
| 46th (1879–81) | March 18, 1879 | |
| 47th (1881–83) | Walter P. Brownlow, TN* | December 5, 1881 |
| 48th (1883–85) | , TX | December 4, 1883 |
| 49th (1885–87) | Samuel Donelson, TN | December 7, 1885 |
| 50th (1887–89) | , MS | December 5, 1887 |
| 51st (1889–91) | Charles E. Adams, MD | December 2, 1889 |
| 52nd (1891–93) | Charles H. Turner, NY* | December 8, 1891 |
| 53rd (1893–95) | , TN | August 7, 1893 |
| 54th (1895–97) | , NY | December 2, 1895 |
| 55th (1897–99) | March 15, 1897 | |
| 56th (1899-1901) | December 4, 1899 | |
| 57th (1901–03) | December 2, 1901 | |
| , NY | March 18, 1902 | |
| 58th (1903–05) | November 9, 1903 | |
| 59th (1905–07) | December 4, 1905 | |
| 60th (1907–09) | December 2, 1907 | |
| 61st (1909–11) | March 15, 1909 | |
| 62nd (1911–13) | , VA | April 4, 1911 |
| 63rd (1913–15) | April 7, 1913 | |
| 64th (1915–17) | December 6, 1915 | |
| 65th (1917–19) | April 2, 1917 | |
| 66th (1919–21) | , MI | May 19, 1919 |
| 67th (1921–23) | April 11, 1921 | |
| 68th (1923–25) | December 5, 1923 | |
| 69th (1925–27) | December 7, 1925 | |
| 70th (1927–29) | December 5, 1927 | |
| 71st (1929–31) | April 15, 1929 | |
| 72nd (1931–33) | , VA | December 7, 1931 |
| 73rd (1933–35) | March 9, 1933 | |
| 74th (1935–37) | January 3, 1935 | |
| 75th (1937–39) | January 5, 1937 | |
| 76th (1939–41) | January 3, 1939 | |
| 77th (1941–43) | January 3, 1941 | |
| 78th (1943–45) | January 6, 1943 | |
| Ralph R. Roberts, IN | February 5, 1943 | |
| 79th (1945–47) | January 3, 1945 | |
| 80th (1947–49) | , MO | January 3, 1947 |
| 81st (1949–51) | William M. Miller, MS | January 3, 1949 |
| 82nd (1951–53) | January 3, 1951 | |
| 83rd (1953–55) | , MO | January 3, 1953 |
| 84th (1955–57) | William M. Miller, MS | January 5, 1955 |
| 85th (1957–59) | January 3, 1957 | |
| 86th (1959–61) | January 7, 1959 | |
| 87th (1961–63) | January 3, 1961 | |
| 88th (1963–65) | January 9, 1963 | |
| 89th (1965–67) | January 4, 1965 | |
| 90th (1967–69) | January 10, 1967 | |
| 91st (1969–71) | January 3, 1969 | |
| 92nd (1971–73) | January 21, 1971 | |
| 93rd (1973–75) | January 3, 1973 | |
| James T. Molloy, NY | December 31, 1974 | |
| 94th (1975–77) | January 14, 1975 | |
| 95th (1977–79) | January 4, 1977 | |
| 96th (1979–81) | January 15, 1979 | |
| 97th (1981–83) | January 5, 1981 | |
| 98th (1983–85) | January 3, 1983 | |
| 99th (1985–87) | January 3, 1985 | |
| 100th (1987–89) | January 6, 1987 | |
| 101st (1989–91) | January 3, 1989 | |
| 102nd (1991–93) | January 3, 1991 | |
| 103rd (1993–95) | January 5, 1993 |
Notes
- Brown, Emma (July 20, 2011). "Former House of Representatives doorkeeper Molloy dies at 75". Retrieved December 24, 2020 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
- Havesi, Dennis (July 23, 2011). "James T. Molloy, Last Doorkeeper of the House, Is Dead at 75". Retrieved June 7, 2023 – via www.nytimes.com.
- "Other Officers of the House". US House of Representatives. US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. April 9, 1992. Retrieved March 8, 2025.
- A doorkeeper's state or territory is listed when known.
- Gifford Dalley's last name has been spelled "Dalley," "Dally," and "Dudley" in various editions of the Register of Debates.
- Died on March 21, 1838. See "Carr, Overton", History, Art & Archives, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
- Elected on sixth ballot to fill the unexpired term of Overton Carr, who died in office. See "House of Representatives, Thursday, April 5, 1838", Congressional Globe. Vol. 6, no. 18. April 9, 1838. pp. 281–282. Retrieved November 20, 2024.
- Election of Doorkeeper was postponed to March 1, 1851, when it was postponed indefinitely. Horner retained the duties of Doorkeeper from the 30th Congress until his removal on May 27, 1850. House Journal, 31st Cong., 1st sess., (May 27, 1850): 966; House Journal, 31st Cong., 2nd sess., (March 3, 1851): 406.
- Dismissed from office May 11, 1858.
- Elected on May 18, 1858, to fill the unexpired term of Robert B. Hackney, who was removed from office on May 17, 1858. See, House Journal, 35th Cong., 1st sess., (May 17, 1858): 832-33; and House Journal, 35th Cong., 1st sess., (May 18, 1848): 842-843.
- Dismissed from office May 22, 1876.
- Elected on May 26, 1876, to fill the unexpired term of L.H. Fitzhugh, who was removed from office on May 22, 1876. See, House Journal, 44th Cong., 1st sess., (May 22, 1876): 998; and House Journal, 44th Cong., 1st sess., (May 26, 1876): Addenda.
- Dismissed from office April 8, 1878.
- Elected on April 8, 1878, to fill the unexpired term of John W. Polk, who was removed from office on April 4, 1878. See, House Journal, 45th Cong., 2nd sess., (April 8, 1876): 808-813.
- Hurt is listed in the House Journal as residing in the state of Mississippi in the 50th Congress and in the state of Tennessee in the 53rd Congress.
- Died on March 12, 1902. See, Congressional Record, 57th Cong., 1st sess., (March 12, 1902): 2706.
- Died on January 27, 1943. See, House Journal, 78th Cong., 1st sess. (January 28, 1943): 72.
- Elected on February 5, 1943. See, House Journal, 78th Cong., 1st sess. (February 5, 1943): 86.
- Resigned effective December 31, 1974. See, Congressional Record, 93rd Cong., 2nd sess. (December 19, 1974): 2549.
- Appointed "to act as and to temporarily exercise" the duties of Doorkeeper effective December 31, 1974. See, Congressional Record, 93rd Cong., 2nd sess. (December 19, 1974): 2549.
References
- Clerk of the House:
- House Journal, various editions; Congressional Record, various editions;
- Biographical Directory of the United States Congress (2005);
- Congressional Pictorial Directory, various editions;
- Congressional Directory, various editions;
- Donald Bacon, et al., Encyclopedia of the U.S. Congress, vol. 1 (NY: Simon and Schuster, 1995): 659–661.
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations January 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message An appointed officer of the United States House of Representatives from 1789 until 1995 the doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives was chosen by a resolution at the opening of each United States Congress The Office of the Doorkeeper was based on precedent from the Continental Congresses Without debate the first federal Congress created the doorkeeper s position by resolution on April 2 1789 The doorkeeper controlled access to the House chamber and eventually oversaw the press in the gallery The doorkeeper s most visible job was introducing American presidents and foreign dignitaries to Congress For 18 years before the State of the Union address Doorkeeper James T Molloy announced Mister Speaker the president of the United States The Office of the Doorkeeper was abolished during the 104th Congress Pub L 104 186 text PDF in an effort to save money Thirty three doorkeepers served until the position was abolished and the office s duties were divided among the sergeant at arms the clerk of the House and the newly created chief administrative officer List of doorkeepersTwo doorkeepers also served as members of the United States House of Representatives indicated below by asterisks either prior to or after their service as a House officer Congress years Doorkeepers state or territory Date elected 1st 1789 91 Gifford Dalley NY April 4 1789 2nd 1791 93 October 24 1791 3rd 1793 95 December 2 1793 4th 1795 97 Thomas Claxton CT December 7 1795 5th 1797 99 May 15 1797 6th 1799 1801 December 2 1799 7th 1801 03 December 7 1801 8th 1803 05 October 17 1803 9th 1805 07 December 2 1805 10th 1807 09 October 27 1807 11th 1809 11 May 22 1809 12th 1811 13 November 4 1811 13th 1813 15 May 24 1813 14th 1815 17 December 4 1815 15th 1817 19 December 1 1817 16th 1819 21 December 6 1819 17th 1821 23 MD December 4 1821 18th 1823 25 December 1 1823 19th 1825 27 December 5 1825 20th 1827 29 December 3 1827 21st 1829 31 December 7 1829 22nd 1831 33 MD December 7 1831 23rd 1833 35 December 3 1833 24th 1835 37 December 15 1835 25th 1837 39 September 4 1837 MA April 5 1838 26th 1839 41 December 23 1839 27th 1841 43 June 9 1841 28th 1843 45 CT December 7 1843 29th 1845 47 DC December 3 1845 30th 1847 49 NJ December 8 1847 31st 1849 51 N A 32nd 1851 53 MD December 1 1851 33rd 1853 55 December 5 1853 34th 1855 57 NY February 5 1856 35th 1857 59 VA December 7 1857 NJ May 18 1858 36th 1859 61 December 5 1859 George Marston NH February 6 1860 37th 1861 63 NY July 5 1861 38th 1863 65 December 8 1863 39th 1865 67 December 4 1865 40th 1867 69 Charles E Lippincott IL March 5 1867 41st 1869 71 NY March 5 1869 42nd 1871 73 March 4 1871 43rd 1873 75 December 1 1873 44th 1875 77 TX December 6 1875 John H Patterson NJ May 26 1876 45th 1877 79 MO October 17 1877 Charles W Field GA April 8 1878 46th 1879 81 March 18 1879 47th 1881 83 Walter P Brownlow TN December 5 1881 48th 1883 85 TX December 4 1883 49th 1885 87 Samuel Donelson TN December 7 1885 50th 1887 89 MS December 5 1887 51st 1889 91 Charles E Adams MD December 2 1889 52nd 1891 93 Charles H Turner NY December 8 1891 53rd 1893 95 TN August 7 1893 54th 1895 97 NY December 2 1895 55th 1897 99 March 15 1897 56th 1899 1901 December 4 1899 57th 1901 03 December 2 1901 NY March 18 1902 58th 1903 05 November 9 1903 59th 1905 07 December 4 1905 60th 1907 09 December 2 1907 61st 1909 11 March 15 1909 62nd 1911 13 VA April 4 1911 63rd 1913 15 April 7 1913 64th 1915 17 December 6 1915 65th 1917 19 April 2 1917 66th 1919 21 MI May 19 1919 67th 1921 23 April 11 1921 68th 1923 25 December 5 1923 69th 1925 27 December 7 1925 70th 1927 29 December 5 1927 71st 1929 31 April 15 1929 72nd 1931 33 VA December 7 1931 73rd 1933 35 March 9 1933 74th 1935 37 January 3 1935 75th 1937 39 January 5 1937 76th 1939 41 January 3 1939 77th 1941 43 January 3 1941 78th 1943 45 January 6 1943 Ralph R Roberts IN February 5 1943 79th 1945 47 January 3 1945 80th 1947 49 MO January 3 1947 81st 1949 51 William M Miller MS January 3 1949 82nd 1951 53 January 3 1951 83rd 1953 55 MO January 3 1953 84th 1955 57 William M Miller MS January 5 1955 85th 1957 59 January 3 1957 86th 1959 61 January 7 1959 87th 1961 63 January 3 1961 88th 1963 65 January 9 1963 89th 1965 67 January 4 1965 90th 1967 69 January 10 1967 91st 1969 71 January 3 1969 92nd 1971 73 January 21 1971 93rd 1973 75 January 3 1973 James T Molloy NY December 31 1974 94th 1975 77 January 14 1975 95th 1977 79 January 4 1977 96th 1979 81 January 15 1979 97th 1981 83 January 5 1981 98th 1983 85 January 3 1983 99th 1985 87 January 3 1985 100th 1987 89 January 6 1987 101st 1989 91 January 3 1989 102nd 1991 93 January 3 1991 103rd 1993 95 January 5 1993NotesBrown Emma July 20 2011 Former House of Representatives doorkeeper Molloy dies at 75 Retrieved December 24 2020 via www washingtonpost com Havesi Dennis July 23 2011 James T Molloy Last Doorkeeper of the House Is Dead at 75 Retrieved June 7 2023 via www nytimes com Other Officers of the House US House of Representatives US House of Representatives History Art amp Archives April 9 1992 Retrieved March 8 2025 A doorkeeper s state or territory is listed when known Gifford Dalley s last name has been spelled Dalley Dally and Dudley in various editions of the Register of Debates Died on March 21 1838 See Carr Overton History Art amp Archives United States House of Representatives Retrieved November 20 2024 Elected on sixth ballot to fill the unexpired term of Overton Carr who died in office See House of Representatives Thursday April 5 1838 Congressional Globe Vol 6 no 18 April 9 1838 pp 281 282 Retrieved November 20 2024 Election of Doorkeeper was postponed to March 1 1851 when it was postponed indefinitely Horner retained the duties of Doorkeeper from the 30th Congress until his removal on May 27 1850 House Journal 31st Cong 1st sess May 27 1850 966 House Journal 31st Cong 2nd sess March 3 1851 406 Dismissed from office May 11 1858 Elected on May 18 1858 to fill the unexpired term of Robert B Hackney who was removed from office on May 17 1858 See House Journal 35th Cong 1st sess May 17 1858 832 33 and House Journal 35th Cong 1st sess May 18 1848 842 843 Dismissed from office May 22 1876 Elected on May 26 1876 to fill the unexpired term of L H Fitzhugh who was removed from office on May 22 1876 See House Journal 44th Cong 1st sess May 22 1876 998 and House Journal 44th Cong 1st sess May 26 1876 Addenda Dismissed from office April 8 1878 Elected on April 8 1878 to fill the unexpired term of John W Polk who was removed from office on April 4 1878 See House Journal 45th Cong 2nd sess April 8 1876 808 813 Hurt is listed in the House Journal as residing in the state of Mississippi in the 50th Congress and in the state of Tennessee in the 53rd Congress Died on March 12 1902 See Congressional Record 57th Cong 1st sess March 12 1902 2706 Died on January 27 1943 See House Journal 78th Cong 1st sess January 28 1943 72 Elected on February 5 1943 See House Journal 78th Cong 1st sess February 5 1943 86 Resigned effective December 31 1974 See Congressional Record 93rd Cong 2nd sess December 19 1974 2549 Appointed to act as and to temporarily exercise the duties of Doorkeeper effective December 31 1974 See Congressional Record 93rd Cong 2nd sess December 19 1974 2549 ReferencesClerk of the House House Journal various editions Congressional Record various editions Biographical Directory of the United States Congress 2005 Congressional Pictorial Directory various editions Congressional Directory various editions Donald Bacon et al Encyclopedia of the U S Congress vol 1 NY Simon and Schuster 1995 659 661