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George Nugent-Temple-Grenville, 1st Marquess of Buckingham (17 June 1753 – 11 February 1813), known as George Grenville before 1779 and as The Earl Temple between 1779 and 1784, was a British statesman.
The Most Honourable The Marquess of Buckingham KG KP PC | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Thomas Gainsborough | |
| Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 19 December 1783 – 23 December 1783 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | William Pitt |
| Preceded by | Charles James Fox |
| Succeeded by | Marquess of Carmarthen |
| Lord Lieutenant of Ireland | |
| In office 27 October 1787 – 24 October 1789 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | William Pitt |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Rutland |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Westmorland |
| In office 15 August 1782 – 3 May 1783 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | The Earl of Shelburne The Duke of Portland |
| Preceded by | The Duke of Portland |
| Succeeded by | The Earl of Northington |
| Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire | |
| In office 1774–1779 | |
| Preceded by | Richard Lowndes |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Grenville |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Grenville 17 June 1753 |
| Died | 11 February 1813 (aged 59) Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Resting place | Wotton Underwood, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Spouse | Hon. Mary Nugent (m. 1775; died 1812) |
| Children |
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| Parents |
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| Relatives |
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| Alma mater |
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| Occupation | Statesman |
Background and early life
Grenville was the eldest son of George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain, and his wife, the former Elizabeth Wyndham, daughter of Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Baronet. He was the nephew of Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple (his father's elder brother), and the elder brother of Thomas Grenville and of William Grenville (later 1st Baron Grenville and also Prime Minister of Great Britain). In 1764, he was appointed a Teller of the Exchequer. He was educated at Eton College from 1764 to 1770 and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1770. In 1774 he undertook a Grand Tour through Italy and Austria. In 1775, he married the Hon. Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Viscount Clare, and the following year his father-in-law Lord Clare was created Earl Nugent, with special remainder (in default of his own heirs male, of which he had none) to his new son-in-law.
Political career
Grenville was returned as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire at the 1774 general election. In the House of Commons he emerged as a sharp critic of the American policy of Lord North. In September 1779, he succeeded his uncle as 3rd Earl Temple and moved to the House of Lords.
The now Lord Temple also took the additional family names Nugent and Temple by Royal Warrant issued on 4 December making the compound family name Nugent-Temple-Grenville. In 1782, Temple was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire and in July 1782, he became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of Lord Shelburne. He was instrumental in the enactment of the Renunciation Act 1783 (23 Geo. 3. c. 28), which supplemented the legislative independence granted to Ireland in 1782. As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and by royal warrant, he created the Order of St Patrick in February 1783, with himself as the first Grand Master. He left Ireland in 1783 and again turned his attention to English politics. He enjoyed the confidence of King George III, and having opposed Fox's East India Bill, he was authorised by the king to say that "whoever voted for the India Bill was not only not his friend, but would be considered by him as an enemy", a message which ensured the defeat of the bill. He was appointed a Secretary of State when Pitt the Younger (his father's sister's son) formed his ministry in December 1783, but resigned only three days later. This was the shortest cabinet tenure until Michelle Donelan in 2022.
In December 1784, Lord Temple was created Marquess of Buckingham. In November 1787, he was again appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, this time under Pitt, but his second tenure of this office proved less successful than the first. Grattan denounced him for extravagance; the Irish Parliament censured him for refusing to transmit to England an address calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency; and he could only maintain his position by resorting to bribery on a large scale. When his father-in-law died in 1788, Buckingham succeeded him as 2nd Earl Nugent. However, since he already held a marquessate, he was never known by this title. (His wife was, however, created Baroness Nugent in 1800, with special remainder to their second son, Lord George Nugent-Grenville.) Having become very unpopular, he resigned his office in September 1789.
Later years
Buckingham subsequently took very little part in politics, although he spoke in favour of the Act of Union of 1800. His wife died in 1812 and he died on 11 February 1813 at his residence, Stowe in Buckinghamshire. He was buried at his ancestral home Wotton. He left two sons: Richard, Earl Temple (who succeeded him as 2nd Marquess of Buckingham and was later created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos) and George, 2nd Baron Nugent (who had succeeded his mother in that title on her death).
See also
- Grenvillite
References
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Buckingham, Earls, Marquesses and Dukes of s.v. George Nugent Temple Grenville". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 721–722.
- "GRENVILLE, George (1753-1813)". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- Casey, Christine (2005). The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 622. ISBN 978-0-300-10923-8.
- Chisholm 1911.
- "No. 12036". The London Gazette. 30 November 1779. p. 1.
- Gutteridge, Nick (7 July 2022). "Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Buckingham
Author: www.NiNa.Az
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George Nugent Temple Grenville 1st Marquess of Buckingham 17 June 1753 11 February 1813 known as George Grenville before 1779 and as The Earl Temple between 1779 and 1784 was a British statesman The Most HonourableThe Marquess of BuckinghamKG KP PCPortrait by Thomas GainsboroughSecretary of State for Foreign AffairsIn office 19 December 1783 23 December 1783MonarchGeorge IIIPrime MinisterWilliam PittPreceded byCharles James FoxSucceeded byMarquess of CarmarthenLord Lieutenant of IrelandIn office 27 October 1787 24 October 1789MonarchGeorge IIIPrime MinisterWilliam PittPreceded byThe Duke of RutlandSucceeded byThe Earl of WestmorlandIn office 15 August 1782 3 May 1783MonarchGeorge IIIPrime MinisterThe Earl of Shelburne The Duke of PortlandPreceded byThe Duke of PortlandSucceeded byThe Earl of NorthingtonMember of Parliament for BuckinghamshireIn office 1774 1779Preceded byRichard LowndesSucceeded byThomas GrenvillePersonal detailsBornGeorge Grenville 17 June 1753Died11 February 1813 1813 02 11 aged 59 Stowe Buckinghamshire EnglandResting placeWotton Underwood Buckinghamshire EnglandSpouseHon Mary Nugent m 1775 died 1812 wbr ChildrenRichard Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos Grenville 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos George Nugent Grenville 2nd Baron NugentParentsGeorge Grenville Elizabeth WyndhamRelativesCharlotte Williams Wynn sister Thomas Grenville brother William Grenville 1st Baron Grenville brother Alma materEton College Christ Church OxfordOccupationStatesmanBackground and early lifeGrenville was the eldest son of George Grenville Prime Minister of Great Britain and his wife the former Elizabeth Wyndham daughter of Sir William Wyndham 3rd Baronet He was the nephew of Richard Grenville Temple 2nd Earl Temple his father s elder brother and the elder brother of Thomas Grenville and of William Grenville later 1st Baron Grenville and also Prime Minister of Great Britain In 1764 he was appointed a Teller of the Exchequer He was educated at Eton College from 1764 to 1770 and matriculated at Christ Church Oxford in 1770 In 1774 he undertook a Grand Tour through Italy and Austria In 1775 he married the Hon Mary Nugent daughter of Robert Nugent 1st Viscount Clare and the following year his father in law Lord Clare was created Earl Nugent with special remainder in default of his own heirs male of which he had none to his new son in law Political careerStatue sculpted by Edward Smyth in 1783 showing Buckingham in the robes of a Knight of the Order of St Patrick Grenville was returned as Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire at the 1774 general election In the House of Commons he emerged as a sharp critic of the American policy of Lord North In September 1779 he succeeded his uncle as 3rd Earl Temple and moved to the House of Lords The now Lord Temple also took the additional family names Nugent and Temple by Royal Warrant issued on 4 December making the compound family name Nugent Temple Grenville In 1782 Temple was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire and in July 1782 he became a member of the Privy Council and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in the Ministry of Lord Shelburne He was instrumental in the enactment of the Renunciation Act 1783 23 Geo 3 c 28 which supplemented the legislative independence granted to Ireland in 1782 As Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and by royal warrant he created the Order of St Patrick in February 1783 with himself as the first Grand Master He left Ireland in 1783 and again turned his attention to English politics He enjoyed the confidence of King George III and having opposed Fox s East India Bill he was authorised by the king to say that whoever voted for the India Bill was not only not his friend but would be considered by him as an enemy a message which ensured the defeat of the bill He was appointed a Secretary of State when Pitt the Younger his father s sister s son formed his ministry in December 1783 but resigned only three days later This was the shortest cabinet tenure until Michelle Donelan in 2022 Coat of arms of George Nugent Temple Grenville 1st Marquess of Buckingham KG KP PC In December 1784 Lord Temple was created Marquess of Buckingham In November 1787 he was again appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland this time under Pitt but his second tenure of this office proved less successful than the first Grattan denounced him for extravagance the Irish Parliament censured him for refusing to transmit to England an address calling upon the Prince of Wales to assume the regency and he could only maintain his position by resorting to bribery on a large scale When his father in law died in 1788 Buckingham succeeded him as 2nd Earl Nugent However since he already held a marquessate he was never known by this title His wife was however created Baroness Nugent in 1800 with special remainder to their second son Lord George Nugent Grenville Having become very unpopular he resigned his office in September 1789 Later yearsBuckingham subsequently took very little part in politics although he spoke in favour of the Act of Union of 1800 His wife died in 1812 and he died on 11 February 1813 at his residence Stowe in Buckinghamshire He was buried at his ancestral home Wotton He left two sons Richard Earl Temple who succeeded him as 2nd Marquess of Buckingham and was later created Duke of Buckingham and Chandos and George 2nd Baron Nugent who had succeeded his mother in that title on her death See alsoGrenvilliteReferences This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Buckingham Earls Marquesses and Dukes of s v George Nugent Temple Grenville Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 4 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 721 722 GRENVILLE George 1753 1813 History of Parliament Online Retrieved 9 October 2017 Casey Christine 2005 The Buildings of Ireland Dublin New Haven Yale University Press p 622 ISBN 978 0 300 10923 8 Chisholm 1911 No 12036 The London Gazette 30 November 1779 p 1 Gutteridge Nick 7 July 2022 Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for 17 000 payout The Telegraph Retrieved 21 July 2022 External linksHansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Buckingham Parliament of Great Britain Preceded byRichard Lowndes The Earl Verney Member of Parliament for Buckinghamshire 1774 1779 With The Earl Verney Succeeded byThe Earl Verney Thomas Grenville Political offices Preceded byThe Earl of Macclesfield Teller of the Exchequer 1763 1813 Succeeded bySpencer Perceval Preceded byThe Duke of Portland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1782 1783 Succeeded byThe Earl of Northington Preceded byCharles James Fox Foreign Secretary 1783 Succeeded byThe Marquess of Carmarthen Preceded byLord North Home Secretary 1783 Succeeded byThe Lord Sydney Preceded byThe Duke of Portland Leader of the House of Lords 1783 Succeeded byThe Lord Sydney Preceded byThe Duke of Rutland Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1787 1789 Succeeded byThe Earl of Westmorland Honorary titles Preceded byThe Earl of Chesterfield Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire 1782 1813 Succeeded byThe Marquess of Buckingham Peerage of Great Britain New creation Marquess of Buckingham 1784 1813 Succeeded byRichard Grenville Preceded byRichard Grenville Temple Earl Temple 1779 1813 Peerage of Ireland Preceded byRobert Nugent Earl Nugent 1788 1813 Succeeded byRichard Grenville