System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation

The system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party is the party system of the People's Republic of China. According to this system, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the only ruling party in the People's Republic of China, with eight minor non-oppositional political parties permitted to exist under the leadership of the CCP.

System of Multi-party Cooperation and Political Consultation under the Leadership of the Chinese Communist Party
Simplified Chinese	中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度
Traditional Chinese	中國共產黨領導的多黨合作與政治協商制度
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Lǐngdǎode Duōdǎng Hézuò hé Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Zhìdù
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	政治协商制度
Traditional Chinese	政治協商制度
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhèngzhì Xiéshāng Zhìdù

History

Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping previously used the term system of multiparty cooperation under the leadership of the CCP. The CCP Central Committee issued a document titled the "Opinions of the CCP Central Committee on Upholding and Improving the Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation System under the Leadership of the Chinese Communist Party" at the end of 1989, incorporating "political consultation" to the system. The drafting of the document began at the beginning of 1989 based on Deng Xiaoping's instructions on a proposal put forward by a member of a minor party. At the first session of the 8th National People's Congress on 29 March 1993, the preamble of country's constitution was amended to incorporate the system.

System

According to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, "The system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China will continue and develop long into the future". The system means that the CCP "is the only party in power in the People's Republic of China" and that the eight minor political parties can participate in the "discussion and management of state affairs" with the precondition of accepting CCP's leadership.

According to the official China Internet Information Center, consultation takes place under the leadership of the CCP, with mass organizations, the minor parties, and "representatives from all walks of life". These consultations contribute, at least in theory, to the formation of the country's basic policy in the fields of political, economic, cultural and social affairs. Officially, the CCP's relationship with other parties is based on the principle of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, treating each other with full sincerity and sharing weal or woe." This process is institutionalized in the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), which serves as the institutional form of political consultation.

References

1. Chen, Huifeng (13 October 2019). "多党合作和政治协商基本政治制度确立过程中的二三事" [Two or three things in the process of establishing the basic political system of multi-party cooperation and political consultatio]. The Paper (in Chinese). Retrieved 18 March 2025.
2. "中华人民共和国宪法修正案（1993年）" [Amendment to the Constitution of the People's Republic of China (1993)]. National People's Congress (in Chinese). March 29, 1993. Archived from the original on 2014-12-08. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
3. "Joining a political party - China's political system and the extent of democratic participation - Higher Modern Studies Revision". BBC. Retrieved 2025-03-18.
4. "IV. The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation". China Internet Information Center. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 5 January 2014.