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The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time In colonial America gene

U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

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  • U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. In colonial America, generally speaking, there were no purchase ages, and alcohol consumption by young teenagers was common, even in taverns. In post-Revolutionary America, such freedom gradually reduced due to religious sentiments (as embodied in the temperance movement) and a growing recognition in the medical community about the dangers of alcohol. The more modern history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' purchase ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the passing into law of the 26th amendment. Many states started to lower their minimum purchase age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973. Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current purchase age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the purchase ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the Tenth Amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their purchase age, while Guam raised its purchase age to 21 in July 2010.

image
Minimum legal purchase age as of 1969 (two years before the 26th Amendment was enacted in 1971):
image
Minimum legal purchase age as of 1975 (when most states had their lowest age limit):
Detail on dual age limits
Both age limits apply for following states:
Illinois: The legal purchase age is 19 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.: The legal purchase age is 18 for beer and wine, and 21 for liquor.
Kansas, Ohio, Oklahoma, and South Dakota: The legal purchase age is 18 for 3.2% ABV beer, and 21 for beer stronger than 3.2% ABV, wine, and liquor.
image
Minimum legal purchase age as of 1983 (one year before the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed):
  Minimum age is 21
  Minimum age is 20
  Minimum age is 19 and 21
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18 and 21
  Minimum age is 18
State Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)		 Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)		 1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)		 1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984		 21st century
Alabama Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)		 21 1975:
Lowered to 19		 1986:
Raised to 21		 21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)
Alaska N/A 21 1970:
Lowered to 19		 1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)		 21 (unless the underage person is not on a licensed premises and the alcoholic beverage is provided by a parent, legal guardian, or spouse over the age of 21)
Arizona N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 19		 1985:
Raised to 21		 21
Arkansas Pre 1925:
None
1925:
21		 21 21 21 21
California Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)
1891:
18 (statewide)		 1933:
21		 21 21 21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)
Colorado None (Dec) 1945:
18: for 3.2% near-beer
21: for wine and liquor		 18 for 3.2% beer; 21 for wine and liquor Raised to 21 on Jul 31 1987 (with grandfather clause) 21
Connecticut 21 21 1972:
Lowered to 18		 1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21		 21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person's employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person's exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.
Delaware N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 20		 1984:
Raised to 21		 21
District of Columbia N/A 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.		 21
Florida N/A 21 1973:Lowered to 18

1980:
19

1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause		 21
Georgia N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 18		 1982:
Raised to 19
1985:
Raised to 20
1986:
Raised to 21		 21
Hawaii N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 18		 1986:
Raised to 21		 21
Idaho N/A 20: for beer
21: for wine and liquor		 1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)		 1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause		 21
Illinois 1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)		 pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21 1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 1980:
Raised to 21		 21
Indiana N/A Post-1934:
21		 21 21 21
Iowa N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)		 1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.		 21
Kansas N/A 1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor		 18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more
21: for liquor		 1985:
Raised to 21		 21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)
Kentucky N/A 1938:
21		 21 21 21
Louisiana None 18 18 1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.
Other exceptions still remain.		 21 (Exceptions to state law include):


*Religious purposes;

*When accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian 21 or over;

*For medical purposes;

*In a private residence, including up to 20 acres;

*The sale, handling, transport, or service of alcoholic beverages in lawful ownership of an establishment or lawful employment of a person under 21 by a licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer.

Maine N/A 21
1969:
Lowered to 20		 1972:
Lowered to 18
1977:
Raised to 20		 1985:
Raised to 21		 21 (however minors can drink at home with parental supervision)
Maryland N/A 21 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause for those born June 30, 1964, or earlier		 21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)
Massachusetts N/A 21 1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)		 Raised to 21 in 1985 (with grandfather clause) 21
Michigan N/A 21 1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)		 1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered		 21
Minnesota N/A 21 1973:
Lowered to 18 (June 1)
1976:
Raised to 19 (Sept 1)
First state to raise age after lowering. 		1986:
Raised to 21		 21
Mississippi ? 1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)		 21 Raised to 21 in 1986 21
Missouri ? 1945:
21		 21 21 21
Montana ? 21 1971:
Lowered to 19
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 19		 1987:
Raised to 21		 21
Nebraska ? 21
1969:
Lowered to 20		 1972:
Lowered to 19		 1980:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21		 21
Nevada ? 1933:
21		 21 21 21
New Hampshire ? 21 1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20		 1985:
Raised to 21		 21
New Jersey Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)		 21[citation needed] 1973:
Lowered to 18		 1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21		 21 (As of February 22, 2021, there are no longer any penalties for underage drinking besides warnings.)
New Mexico ? 1934:
21		 21 21 21
New York 18 (16 before 1896) Initially 21 immediately after Prohibition, then reduced to 18 four months later. 18 1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)		 21

(Any Age with Parental Consent)

North Carolina ? 18 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)		 21
North Dakota ? 1936:
21		 21 21 21
Ohio ? 1933: 16 1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor		 18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor		 1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor
1988:
21		 21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)
Oklahoma ? Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor		 1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)
Last state to lower the purchase age.		 1983:
Raised to 21		 21
Oregon ? 1933:
21		 21 21 21
Pennsylvania ? 1935:
21		 21 21 21
Rhode Island ? 21 1970:
Lowered to 18		 1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21		 21
South Carolina 21 1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 18
 1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1985:
Raised to 20
1986:
Raised to 21		 21
South Dakota ? 1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer		 1972:
18: for 3.2% beer;
21: for wine and liquor		 1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1988:
Raised to 21		 21
Tennessee Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21		 21
1964:
Lowered to 18		 1979:
Raised to 19		 1984:
Raised to 21		 21
Texas Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21		 21 1973:
Lowered to 18		 1981:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)		 Parent consent
Utah ? 1935:
21		 21 21 21
Vermont ? 21 1971:
Lowered to 18		 1986:
Raised to 21		 21
Virginia ? 21 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)		 1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21		 21
Washington Age of majority
since 1877		 21 21 21 21
West Virginia ? 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor		 1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)		 1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)
1986:
Raised to 21		 21
Wisconsin 1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)		 18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).		 1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.		 1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)		 21 (however anyone can drink when a parent, guardian or spouse over 21 is present)
Wyoming N/A 21 1973:
Lowered to 19		 1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)
Last state to raise de jure purchase age to 21		 21
American Samoa N/A N/A N/A 21 21
Northern Mariana Islands – – N/A 21 21
Puerto Rico N/A 18 18 Kept at 18
despite highway funding
penalty under the National Minimum Drinking Age Act.		 18
Virgin Islands N/A N/A N/A 18 18
Guam N/A 21 18 18 Raised to 21 in 2010

Additional notes

  • Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private clubs or establishments possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws[remove or clarification needed].
  • In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21. Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18. In other words, the purchase age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a purchase age of 21 unconstitutional. That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later. Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence, and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
  • Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.

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Author: www.NiNa.Az

Publication date: May 01, 2025 / 23:27

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The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time In colonial America generally speaking there were no purchase ages and alcohol consumption by young teenagers was common even in taverns In post Revolutionary America such freedom gradually reduced due to religious sentiments as embodied in the temperance movement and a growing recognition in the medical community about the dangers of alcohol The more modern history is given in the table below Unless otherwise noted if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages the age listed below is set at the lowest age given e g if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits as was the case in several states the age in the table will read as 18 not 21 In addition the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages although they have often been the same As one can see in the table below there has been much volatility in the states purchase ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the voting age at the time Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s From 1969 to 1976 some 30 states lowered their purchase ages generally to 18 This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the passing into law of the 26th amendment Many states started to lower their minimum purchase age in response most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973 Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them From 1976 to 1983 several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 or less commonly 20 or 21 in part to combat drunk driving fatalities citation needed In 1984 Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10 of their federal highway funds By mid 1988 all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 but not Puerto Rico Guam or the Virgin Islands see Additional Notes below South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate The current purchase age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans because of it being higher than the age of majority 18 in most states and higher than the purchase ages of most other countries The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the Tenth Amendment Although debates have not been highly publicized a few states have proposed legislation to lower their purchase age while Guam raised its purchase age to 21 in July 2010 Minimum legal purchase age as of 1969 two years before the 26th Amendment was enacted in 1971 Minimum legal purchase age as of 1975 when most states had their lowest age limit Detail on dual age limitsBoth age limits apply for following states Illinois The legal purchase age is 19 for beer and wine and 21 for liquor Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia and Washington D C The legal purchase age is 18 for beer and wine and 21 for liquor Kansas Ohio Oklahoma and South Dakota The legal purchase age is 18 for 3 2 ABV beer and 21 for beer stronger than 3 2 ABV wine and liquor Minimum legal purchase age as of 1983 one year before the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed Minimum age is 21 Minimum age is 20 Minimum age is 19 and 21 Minimum age is 19 Minimum age is 18 and 21 Minimum age is 18 State Pre Prohibition prior to 1919 Post Prohibition after 1933 1970s 26th Amendment adopted in 1971 1980s Drinking Age Act of 1984 21st century Alabama Pre 1881 None 1881 21 none with consent of parent 21 1975 Lowered to 19 1986 Raised to 21 21 no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28 1 Alaska N A 21 1970 Lowered to 19 1984 Raised to 21 with grandfather clause if born before January 1 1965 21 unless the underage person is not on a licensed premises and the alcoholic beverage is provided by a parent legal guardian or spouse over the age of 21 Arizona N A 21 1972 Lowered to 19 1985 Raised to 21 21 Arkansas Pre 1925 None 1925 21 21 21 21 21 California Pre 1891 Regulated by municipality county common age was 16 1891 18 statewide 1933 21 21 21 21 except small amounts for religious ceremonies Colorado None Dec 1945 18 for 3 2 near beer 21 for wine and liquor 18 for 3 2 beer 21 for wine and liquor Raised to 21 on Jul 31 1987 with grandfather clause 21 Connecticut 21 21 1972 Lowered to 18 1982 Raised to 19 1983 Raised to 20 1985 Raised to 21 21 exemptions 1 a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30 90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person s employment or business 2 a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician or 3 a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent guardian or spouse of the minor who has attained the age of twenty one Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection a of section 52 571b Delaware N A 21 1972 Lowered to 20 1984 Raised to 21 21 District of Columbia N A 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1986 Raised to 21 with grandfather clause 21 Florida N A 21 1973 Lowered to 18 1980 19 1986 Raised to 21 with grandfather clause 21 Georgia N A 21 1972 Lowered to 18 1982 Raised to 19 1985 Raised to 20 1986 Raised to 21 21 Hawaii N A 21 1972 Lowered to 18 1986 Raised to 21 21 Idaho N A 20 for beer 21 for wine and liquor 1972 Lowered to 19 all 1987 Raised to 21 in 1987 Apr 11 with grandfather clause 21 Illinois 1872 Age of majority none with written consent of parent pre 1961 Age of majority 1961 Raised to 21 1973 Lowered to 19 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1980 Raised to 21 21 Indiana N A Post 1934 21 21 21 21 Iowa N A 21 1972 Lowered to 19 in 1972 Jul 1 1973 Lowered to 18 in 1973 Jul 1 1978 Raised to 19 in 1978 Jul 1 1986 Raised to 21 in 1986 Jul 1 with grandfather clause 21 Kansas N A 1949 18 for beer and wine with less than 4 ABV 21 for liquor 18 for beer and wine with less than 4 ABV 21 for beer and wine with 4 ABV or more 21 for liquor 1985 Raised to 21 21 However anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property Kentucky N A 1938 21 21 21 21 Louisiana None 18 18 1987 Raised to 21 de jure in 1987 but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole 1995 De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed 1996 In 1996 briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision raising to 21 three months later Other exceptions still remain 21 Exceptions to state law include Religious purposes When accompanied by a parent spouse or legal guardian 21 or over For medical purposes In a private residence including up to 20 acres The sale handling transport or service of alcoholic beverages in lawful ownership of an establishment or lawful employment of a person under 21 by a licensed manufacturer wholesaler or retailer Maine N A 21 1969 Lowered to 20 1972 Lowered to 18 1977 Raised to 20 1985 Raised to 21 21 however minors can drink at home with parental supervision Maryland N A 21 1974 Lowered to 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1982 Raised to 21 with grandfather clause for those born June 30 1964 or earlier 21 however anyone can drink when parents spouses teachers are present Massachusetts N A 21 1973 Lowered to 18 1979 Raised to 20 in 1979 Apr 16 Raised to 21 in 1985 with grandfather clause 21 Michigan N A 21 1972 Lowered to 18 in 1972 Jan 1 1978 Raised to 19 in 1978 Dec 3 1978 Raised to 21 in 1978 Dec 21 18 days later First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered 21 Minnesota N A 21 1973 Lowered to 18 June 1 1976 Raised to 19 Sept 1 First state to raise age after lowering 1986 Raised to 21 21 Mississippi 1966 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor alcohol not legalized until 1966 21 Raised to 21 in 1986 21 Missouri 1945 21 21 21 21 Montana 21 1971 Lowered to 19 1973 Lowered to 18 1979 Raised to 19 1987 Raised to 21 21 Nebraska 21 1969 Lowered to 20 1972 Lowered to 19 1980 Raised to 20 1985 Raised to 21 21 Nevada 1933 21 21 21 21 New Hampshire 21 1973 Lowered to 18 1979 Raised to 20 1985 Raised to 21 21 New Jersey Before 1880 None Post 1880 18 penalties only against businesses 21 citation needed 1973 Lowered to 18 1980 Raised to 19 1983 Raised to 21 21 As of February 22 2021 there are no longer any penalties for underage drinking besides warnings New Mexico 1934 21 21 21 21 New York 18 16 before 1896 Initially 21 immediately after Prohibition then reduced to 18 four months later 18 1982 Raised to 19 in 1982 Dec 1985 Raised to 21 in 1985 Dec 21 Any Age with Parental Consent North Carolina 18 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1983 19 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1986 Raised to 21 in 1986 Sep 1 21 North Dakota 1936 21 21 21 21 Ohio 1933 16 1935 18 for 3 2 ABW beer 21 for beer stronger than 3 2 ABW wine and liquor 18 for 3 2 ABW beer 21 for beer stronger than 3 2 ABW wine and liquor 1982 Aug 19 to Oct 1 19 for 3 2 ABW beer 21 for beer stronger than 3 2 ABW wine and liquor 1982 From Oct 1 19 beer 21 wine and liquor 1988 21 21 However anyone can drink with parents or legal age spouse Oklahoma Men 21 Women 18 3 2 ABW beer 21 for beer stronger than 3 2 ABW wine and liquor 1976 Lowered to 18 for 3 2 ABW beer for both sexes in 1976 Dec Last state to lower the purchase age 1983 Raised to 21 21 Oregon 1933 21 21 21 21 Pennsylvania 1935 21 21 21 21 Rhode Island 21 1970 Lowered to 18 1980 Raised to 19 1981 Raised to 20 1984 Raised to 21 21 South Carolina 21 1935 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 18 1984 19 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1985 Raised to 20 1986 Raised to 21 21 South Dakota 1934 21 all 1939 Lowered to 18 for 3 2 beer Raised to 19 for 3 2 beer 1972 18 for 3 2 beer 21 for wine and liquor 1984 19 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1988 Raised to 21 21 Tennessee Pre 1881 None 1881 21 21 1964 Lowered to 18 1979 Raised to 19 1984 Raised to 21 21 Texas Pre 1909 21 None with written permission of parent or guardian Post 1909 21 21 1973 Lowered to 18 1981 Raised to 19 1986 Raised to 21 in 1986 Sep 1 Parent consent Utah 1935 21 21 21 21 Vermont 21 1971 Lowered to 18 1986 Raised to 21 21 Virginia 21 1974 Lowered to 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor remained 1981 Raised to 19 for off premises consumption 1983 Raised to 19 all beer 1985 Raised to 21 21 Washington Age of majority since 1877 21 21 21 21 West Virginia 18 for beer and wine 21 for liquor 1972 Lowered to 18 all 1983 Raised to 19 amp 21 for non residents 1986 Raised to 21 21 Wisconsin 1839 1866 18 for wine and liquor None for beer Post 1866 21 all 18 for beer 21 for wine and spirits 1957 21 for residents of bordering states with age limit 21 1963 Raised to 21 off premises beer sales remained 18 for on premises 1972 Lowered to 18 all in 1972 Mar 1977 Border state restriction lifted 1984 Raised to 19 1986 Raised to 21 September 1 1986 21 however anyone can drink when a parent guardian or spouse over 21 is present Wyoming N A 21 1973 Lowered to 19 1988 Raised to 21 in 1988 Jul 1 Last state to raise de jure purchase age to 21 21 American Samoa N A N A N A 21 21 Northern Mariana Islands N A 21 21 Puerto Rico N A 18 18 Kept at 18 despite highway funding penalty under the National Minimum Drinking Age Act 18 Virgin Islands N A N A N A 18 18 Guam N A 21 18 18 Raised to 21 in 2010Additional notesContrary to popular belief since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act not all states specifically prohibit minors and young adults consumption of alcohol in private settings That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession not private consumption and contains several exceptions As of January 1 2007 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws Federal law explicitly provides for religious medical employment and private clubs or establishments possession exceptions as of 2005 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws remove or clarification needed In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia Washington D C was 18 the age for hard liquor was 21 Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D C to obtain alcohol In Louisiana the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act to avoid losing highway funding while still allowing 18 to 20 year olds to drink as before Not only did it still allow 18 to 20 year olds to consume in private it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18 to 20 year olds without penalty despite purchase being technically illegal which meant that the de facto age was still 18 In other words the purchase age was 21 only on paper This loophole was closed in 1995 but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a purchase age of 21 unconstitutional That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18 causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision raising the age to 21 three months later Other exceptions still remain to this day including drinking in a private residence and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state Some states were dry well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919 in some cases since achieving statehood Also some states did not become fully wet until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 e g Mississippi in 1966 Since 1966 all states and territories of the USA have been wet but dry counties and towns still exist in some states ReferencesRorabaugh William 1979 The Alcoholic Republic An American Tradition New York Oxford University Press pp 35 36 ISBN 0199766312 NIH Fact Sheets Underage Drinking Report nih gov 2013 03 29 Retrieved 2016 09 10 Johnson Hunter Lowered Drinking Age of the 1970 s history 128 blog History128 web unc edu Retrieved 2016 09 10 Toomey Traci L Nelson Toben F Lenk Kathleen M 2009 The age 21 minimum legal drinking age a case study linking past and current debates Addiction 104 12 1958 65 doi 10 1111 j 1360 0443 2009 02742 x PMID 19922564 Keen Judy 2008 04 01 States weigh lowering drinking age Usatoday com Retrieved 2009 09 06 Ramon Someros Oberiano Act PDF Guamlegislature com 8 July 2010 Retrieved 2 August 2019 Birmingham Iron Age 4205 Code of Alabama Bplonline cdmhost com Birmingham Public Library 1881 Retrieved October 31 2015 A Statistical Analysis of the Effects of a Uniform Minimum Drinking Age PDF ntl bts gov April 1987 Retrieved 2014 11 17 MLDA21 Law Effective Data NHTSA Nhtsa dot gov Retrieved 2009 09 06 McCornac Dennis C 2004 07 07 The Effects of Government Regulation on Teenage Vehicle Mortality McCornac 1982 SSRN SSRN 304765 Petersburg Pilot Petersburg Alaska NEW DRINKING AGE Petersburg Public Library October 19 1983 Retrieved November 1 2015 Miron Jeffrey A Tetelbaum Elina 2009 Does The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Save Lives PDF Economic Inquiry 47 2 317 336 doi 10 1111 j 1465 7295 2008 00179 x S2CID 1048320 ALCOHOL amp MARIJUANA CONTROL OFFICE Alcoholic Beverage FAQ www commerce alaska gov Retrieved July 4 2022 New York Times December 4 1972 State Braces for Lowering Drinking Age to 18 Jan 1 NYT online archive FAQ Legal Age Arizona Department of Liquor Licenses and Control MINIMUM DRINKING AGE LAWS 1990 Daily Alta California Volume 42 Number 14092 SELLING LIQUOR TO MINORS Cdnc ucr edu California Digital Newspaper Collection 1888 Retrieved October 31 2015 Daily Alta California Volume 42 Number 13780 Selling Liquor to Minors Cdnc ucr edu California Digital Newspaper Collection 1887 Retrieved October 31 2015 Daily Alta California Volume 37 Number 12646 THE NEXT GRAND JURY Cdnc ucr edu California Digital Newspaper Collection 1884 Retrieved October 31 2015 San Francisco Call Volume 69 Number 144 NO LIQUOR FOR MINORS Cdnc ucr edu California Digital Newspaper Collection 1891 Retrieved October 31 2015 Dee Thomas S Evans William N 2001 Behavioral Policies and Teen Traffic Safety The American Economic Review 91 2 91 96 doi 10 1257 aer 91 2 91 JSTOR 2677739 Wheeler Waybe 1918 Federal and State Laws Relating to Intoxicating Liquor Westerville OH The American Issue Publishing Company pp 129 131 ISBN 1241008450 a href wiki Template Cite book title Template Cite book cite book a ISBN Date incompatibility help OLR Research Report Lowering the Drinking Age 2009 Cga ct gov Retrieved on 2011 06 22 U S Department of Transportation final report DOT HS 809 348 Determine Why There Are Fewer Young Alcohol Impaired Drivers section III B 1 Chapter 545 Liquor Control Act Cga ct gov Retrieved 2016 09 10 D C debate continuing on alcohol Sarasota Herald Tribune UPI September 29 1966 p 10C Bill filed to lower drinking age to 18 The Day New London CT January 22 1971 p 9 D C to get new drinking age Lawrence Journal World Associated Press September 24 1986 p 22 Texas and North Carolina Raise Drinking Age to 21 New York Times Associated Press September 1 1986 For Some New Drinking Law Hard To Swallow sun sentinel com June 30 1985 Archived from the original on May 28 2015 Retrieved 2015 05 28 Florida Alcohol Laws Alcohollaws org Retrieved 2016 09 10 281 101 5 Prohibitions involving minors penalty www capitol hawaii gov Retrieved July 4 2022 Bills lower drinking age to 19 in Idaho Spokesman Review Associated Press March 18 1972 p 1 Idaho gears for younger drinkers Deseret News UPI June 26 1972 p 8C Idaho s legislature Young jurors Lewiston ID Morning Tribune January 18 1972 p 3 Taverns await new customers age drops to 19 Lewiston Morning Tribune June 30 1972 p 20 Idaho drinking new law will allow some under 21 to keep imbibing Spokane Chronicle April 10 1987 p 3 The new Northwest Portland Or 1871 1887 March 15 1872 Image 4 The Illinois Temperance Law Oregonnews uoregon edu University of Oregon Libraries Retrieved November 1 2015 Chicago Daily Tribune August 3 1961 Girl 19 sues for right to have a drink ProQuest archive Chicago Tribune June 14 1973 Beer at 19 Signed by Walker ProQuest archive History of DUI Laws In Illinois Illinois Secretary of State website State of Iowa Alcoholic Beverages Division Historical Highlights Iowaabd com Twenty One Debunked History Lesson Bragg Rick 1996 03 23 Louisiana Stands Alone on Drinking at 18 New York Times Retrieved 2009 09 06 AP 1996 07 03 Louisiana Court Upholds Drinking Age of 18 New York Times Retrieved 2009 09 06 2 Exceptions to Minimum Age of 21 for Possession of Alcohol as of January 1 2010 Alcohol Policy Information System Louisiana State Legislature Legis la gov Drinking ages set by the states New York Times June 27 1984 Parents Who Host Lose The Most PDF maine gov Retrieved 2021 02 04 The Years of the Rat Magazine loyola edu 2009 08 18 Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Effects of Drunk Driving Drivingdrunk org Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Grandfathered Teen agers The Washington Post 1982 07 03 Retrieved 2018 09 28 Maryland increases drinking age to 21 Gettysburg Times Associated Press February 26 1982 p 3 Legal drinking age going up Eugene Register Guard Associated Press April 15 1979 p 16A Senate of Massachusetts Sets 19 as Drinking Age New York Times February 18 1979 Hingson RW Scotch N Mangione T Meyers A Glantz L Heeren T Lin N Mucatel M Pierce G 1983 Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20 American Journal of Public Health 73 2 163 170 doi 10 2105 AJPH 73 2 163 PMC 1650505 PMID 6849474 Chicago Daily Defender January 4 1972 Drinking age lowered in Michigan ProQuest archive 1978 State Ballot Issues PDF Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Daily Collegian March 16 1979 Pennsylvania drinking age follows national trend Penn State library ActivePaper online archive 3 Archived 2008 04 19 at the Wayback Machine Resources on Minnesota Legislative Issues Legal Age in Minnesota 2009 Leg state mn us Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Twin Cities com Pioneer Press August 20 2008 B8 Editorial A lower legal drinking age 4 twincities com website Montana drops drinking age to 19 for those with permit Sarasota Herald Tribune Associated Press June 28 1971 p 7B Drinking age opposed Spokesman Review Associated Press October 23 1975 p 14 Platform plank Dems want to lower drinking age to 18 Helenair com 2008 07 27 Retrieved on 2011 06 22 New York Times March 10 1987 Drinking age is fiery issue in West ProQuest archive Drinking Age History Nebraska Liquor Control Commission AlcoholEdu Above the Law The Dartmouth Review 2002 Archived from the original on December 4 2008 Revision of the statutes of New Jersey Trenton N J August 2 1877 hdl 2027 mdp 35112203950151 P L 1888 p 253 PDF Rutgers edu Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 03 Retrieved 2013 02 11 Jersey New 19 September 2017 Compiled Statutes of New Jersey Soney amp Sage via Google Books THE REGION Drinking Age of 21 Gains in Jersey The New York Times New Jersey 1982 06 11 Retrieved 2016 09 10 Wechsler Henry 1980 Minimum Drinking Age Laws United States Lexington Books p 1 ISBN 0 669 03380 4 Barbanel Josh May 28 1984 Raising New York Drinking Age to 21 New York Times Drinking Age of 21 Gains in Jersey New York Times June 11 1982 Retrieved 2010 01 30 New York will raise its legal age of 18 to 19 on Dec 4 New York raising its drinking age to 21 in December New York Times June 19 1985 Retrieved 2012 08 20 The minimum legal drinking age in New York State is rising from 19 to 21 on Dec 1 North Dakota Century Code TITLE 5 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES CHAPTER 5 01 08 PDF Nd gov Daily Kent Stater Volume LIV Number 15 3 2 Beer Floats into Senate Dks library kent edu Kent State University October 17 1968 Retrieved October 31 2015 RAY SWENSON Staff Writer August 23 1982 Daily Kent Stater Volume III Number 15 New liquor law unpopular with local bar owners Dks library kent edu Kent State University Retrieved October 31 2015 Craig v Boren 429 U S 190 1976 Craig v Boren 429 U S 190 1976 Atlantic Economic Journal Volume 13 Number 1 March 1985 Drinking age and the 55 MPH speed limit by Paul M Sommers SpringerLink online abstract Daily Collegian February 9 1984 Lawmakers across nation debate raising legal drinking age Penn State library ActivePaper online archive 5 Rhode Island College Timeline Ric edu Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Sacramento Daily Union Volume 85 Number 94 SOUTH CAROLINA S LIQUOR LAW Cdnc ucr edu California Digital Newspaper Collection 1893 Retrieved October 29 2015 South Dakota v Dole Oyez org Retrieved 2009 09 06 The home journal April 27 1881 Image 2 The Minor Liquor Law Chroniclingamerica loc gov Library of Congress April 27 1881 Retrieved October 31 2015 The Brownsville daily herald April 23 1909 Image 4 Chroniclingamerica loc gov The Library of Congress 23 April 1909 Retrieved February 12 2016 The Lubbock avalanche September 26 1912 Image 9 Chroniclingamerica loc gov The Library of Congress 26 September 1912 Retrieved February 12 2016 Lower drinking age to 18 2007 M reporternews com Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Winckler Suzanne The Street of Vrrrrmmmms in The Reporter Texas Monthly Emmis Communications January 1984 Volume 12 No 1 ISSN 0148 7736 Start p 74 CITED p 76 Drinking at Midd past and present The Middlebury Campus January 11 2006 Retrieved 2024 01 03 Health Care in Vermont Database and Timeline PDF Retrieved 2009 09 06 History of the Legal Drinking Age Abc state va us 1966 07 01 Retrieved 2009 09 06 What was the first legal drinking age in Wash Seattle Post Intelligencer 2009 11 09 Retrieved on 2011 06 22 History of Underage Drinking Laws in Washington State www grahamdefense com Retrieved 2020 02 19 Legal Age Cut to 18 New York Times June 10 1972 Wisconsin Brief 95 3 January 1995 The Minimum Drinking Age in Wisconsin Wisconsin Brief 95 3 January 1995 PDF Archived from the original on 2010 05 28 Retrieved 2016 12 26 a href wiki Template Cite web title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Social Host Liability for Underage Drinking WisBar Retrieved 2020 02 18 State Raises Drinking Age New York Times March 12 1988 Knudson Thomas J 10 March 1987 Drinking age is fiery issue in West New York Times March 10 1987 Fast Facts in Samoa at Frommer s Frommers com Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Marianas Visitors Authority Trip Essentials Mymarianas com Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Vieques Travel Guide Vieques Travel Guide Retrieved on 2011 06 22 Virgin Islands Vacation Tips Virginislandsmap com Retrieved on 2011 06 22

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