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The 1850 51 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections we

1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland

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The 1850–51 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1850 and 1851, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1.

1850–51 United States Senate elections
image
← 1848 & 1849 Various dates 1852 & 1853 →

21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections)
32 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Democratic Whig Free Soil
Last election 33 seats 25 seats 1 seat
Seats before 35 25 2
Seats won 12 4 0
Seats after 33 22 2
Seat change image 2 image 3 image
Seats up 14 7 0

image
Results:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Whig gain      Whig hold
     Legislature failed to elect

Majority party before election

{{{before_election}}}
Democratic

Elected Majority party


Democratic

The Democratic Party lost seats, but retained a majority in the Senate.

Results summary

Senate party division, 32nd Congress (1851–1853)

  • Majority party: Democratic (34–35)
  • Minority party: Whig Party (21–23)
  • Other parties: Free Soiler (2–3)
  • Total seats: 62

Change in composition

Before the elections

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23
Ran
D24
Ran
D25
Ran
D26
Ran
D27
Ran
D28
Ran
D29
Ran
D30
Ran
D31
Ran
Majority → D32
Ran
W22
Unknown
W23
Unknown
W24
Retired
FS1 FS2 D36
Retired
D35
Unknown
D34
Unknown
D33
Ran
W21
Ran
W20
Ran
W19
Ran
W18
Ran
W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11
W1

As a result of the elections

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23
Re-elected
D24
Re-elected
D25
Re-elected
D26
Re-elected
D27
Re-elected
D28
Re-elected
D29
Re-elected
D30
Hold
D31
Hold
Majority → D32
Gain
V1
W Loss
V2
W Loss
FS1 FS2 V3
D Loss
V4
D Loss
V5
D Loss
D34
Gain
D33
Gain
W21
Gain
W20
Gain
W19
Hold
W18
Re-elected
W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11
W1

At the beginning of the first session, December 1, 1851

D1
D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12
D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31
Majority → D32
W22
Gain
W23
Gain
FS1 FS2 FS3
Gain
V1 V2 D34
Hold
D33
W21 W20 W19 W18 W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12
W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11
W1
Key:
D# Democratic
FS# Free Soil
W# Whig
V# Vacant

Race summaries

Elections during the 31st Congress

In these elections, the winners were seated during 1850 or in 1851 before March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Maryland
(Class 1)
David Stewart Whig 1849 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected January 12, 1850.
Whig hold.
Winner was elected to the next term; see below.
  • ▌imageY Thomas Pratt (Whig) 57 votes
  • ▌David Stewart (Democratic) 38 votes
  • Blank 2 votes
Massachusetts
(Class 1)
Robert C. Winthrop Whig 1850 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.
New senator elected February 1, 1851.
Democratic gain.
Winner was not elected to the next term; see below.
  • ▌imageY Robert Rantoul Jr. (Democratic)
  • ▌Robert C. Winthrop (Whig)
  • [data missing]

Races leading to the 32nd Congress

In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1851; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Connecticut Roger Sherman Baldwin Whig 1847 (appointed)
1848 (special)
Incumbent lost re-election or retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Whig loss.
Seat would not be filled until 1852.
[data missing]
California John C. Frémont Democratic 1850 Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would not be filled until 1852.
▌John C. Frémont (Democratic)
[data missing]
Delaware John Wales Whig 1849 (special) Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1851.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌imageY James A. Bayard Jr. (Democratic)
  • ▌John Wales (Whig)
  • [data missing]
Florida David Levy Yulee Democratic 1845 Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1851.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌imageY Stephen Mallory (Democratic)
  • ▌David Levy Yulee (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Indiana Jesse D. Bright Democratic 1844 Incumbent re-elected in 1850.
  • ▌imageY Jesse D. Bright (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Maine Hannibal Hamlin Democratic 1848 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1851.
  • ▌imageY Hannibal Hamlin (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Maryland Thomas Pratt Whig 1850 (special) Incumbent January 12, 1850.
  • ▌imageY Thomas Pratt (Whig) 54 votes
  • ▌David Stewart (Democratic) 2 votes
  • Blank 33 votes
Massachusetts Robert Rantoul Jr. Democratic 1851 (special) Incumbent lost re-election or retired.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would later be filled on April 24, 1851; see below.
▌Charles Sumner (Free Soil)
[data missing]
Michigan Lewis Cass Democratic 1844 or 1845
1848 (resigned)
1849 (special)
Incumbent re-elected in 1850 or 1851.
  • ▌imageY Lewis Cass (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Mississippi Jefferson Davis Democratic 1847 (appointed)
1848 (special)
Incumbent re-elected in 1850.
  • ▌imageY Jefferson Davis (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Missouri Thomas H. Benton Democratic 1821
1827
1833
1839
1845
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1851.
Whig gain.
  • ▌imageY Henry S. Geyer (Whig)
  • ▌Thomas H. Benton (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
New Jersey William L. Dayton Whig 1842 (appointed)
? (special)
1845
Incumbent lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1851.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌imageY Robert F. Stockton (Democratic)
  • ▌William L. Dayton (Whig)
  • [data missing]
New York Daniel S. Dickinson Democratic 1844 (appointed)
1845
Incumbent lost re-election.
Legislature failed to elect.
Democratic loss.
Seat would later be filled on March 19, 1851; see below.
▌Daniel S. Dickinson (Democratic)
Many; see below.
Ohio Thomas Ewing Whig 1850 (appointed) Incumbent lost election to the next term.
Legislature failed to elect.
Whig loss.
Seat would later be filled on March 15, 1851; see below.
▌Thomas Ewing (Whig)
[data missing]
Pennsylvania Daniel Sturgeon Democratic 1840
1845
Incumbent retired.
New senator elected January 14, 1851.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌imageY Richard Brodhead (Democratic)
  • Many, see below
Rhode Island Albert C. Greene Whig 1844 or 1845 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected in 1850 or 1851.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌imageY Charles T. James (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Tennessee Hopkins L. Turney Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1851.
Whig gain.
  • ▌imageY James C. Jones (Whig)
  • [data missing]
Texas Thomas J. Rusk Democratic 1846 Incumbent re-elected in 1851.
  • ▌imageY Thomas J. Rusk (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Vermont Samuel S. Phelps Whig 1839
1845
Incumbent retired or lost re-election.
New senator elected in 1850.
Whig hold.
  • ▌imageY Solomon Foot (Whig)
  • [data missing]
Virginia James M. Mason Democratic 1847 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1850.
  • ▌imageY James M. Mason (Democratic)
  • [data missing]
Wisconsin Henry Dodge Democratic 1848 Incumbent re-elected on January 20, 1851.
  • ▌imageY Henry Dodge (Democratic) 83.13%
  • ▌ James Duane Doty (Ind. Dem.) 8.43%
  • ▌ Alexander L. Collins (Whig) 3.61%
  • ▌ Rufus King (Whig) 2.41%
  • ▌ Warren Chase (Free Soil) 1.20%
  • ▌ John B. Terry (Whig) 1.20%

Elections during the 32nd Congress

In late these elections, the winners were elected in 1851 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Ohio
(Class 1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner elected late March 15, 1851 on the 37th ballot.
Whig gain.
  • ▌imageY Benjamin Wade (Whig)
  • [data missing]
New York
(Class 1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner elected late March 19, 1851.
Whig gain.
  • ▌imageY Hamilton Fish (Whig)
  • Many, see below
Massachusetts
(Class 1)
Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Winner elected April 24, 1851.
Free Soil gain.
  • ▌imageY Charles Sumner (Free Soil)
  • [data missing]
Kentucky
(Class 3)
Henry Clay Whig 1806 (special)
1807 (retired)
1810 (appointed)
1811 (retired)
1831 (special)
1836
1842 (resigned)
1849
Incumbent resigned December 17, 1851, to be effective September 6, 1852.
Winner elected December 30, 1851.
Whig hold.
  • ▌imageY Archibald Dixon (Whig) 71 votes
  • ▌James Guthrie (Democratic) 58 votes
  • ▌Garrett Davis (Whig) 1 vote
  • ▌Charles S. Morehead (Whig) 1 vote
  • ▌Joseph R. Underwood (Whig) 1 vote
  • ▌John L. Helm (Whig) 1 vote

Race leading to the 33rd Congress

In this regular election, the winner was elected for the term beginning March 4, 1853.

This election involved a Class 3 seat.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral
history
Kentucky Joseph R. Underwood Whig 1846 or 1847 Incumbent retired.
New senator elected December 13, 1851, far in advance of the 1853 term.
Know Nothing gain.
  • ▌imageY John Burton Thompson (Know Nothing) 73 votes
  • ▌ (Democratic) 65 votes

Kentucky

Kentucky (early)

image
Senator John Burton Thompson

One-term Whig Joseph R. Underwood retired and the Know Nothing Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky John Burton Thompson was elected early, December 13, 1851, far in advance of the 1853 term, as was common practice at the time.

  • imageY John Burton Thompson 73 votes
  • 65 votes

Kentucky (special)

image
Senator Archibald Dixon

Long-term Whig and former-United States Secretary of State Henry Clay announced his resignation December 17, 1851 from the class 3 seat, to be effective September 6, 1852.

Whig Archibald Dixon was elected December 30, 1851.

After many ballots, the vote in the final deciding ballot was:

  • imageY Archibald Dixon 71 votes
  • James Guthrie 58 votes
  • Garrett Davis 1 vote
  • Charles S. Morehead 1 vote
  • Joseph R. Underwood 1 vote
  • John L. Helm 1 vote

Before Clay's resignation was effective, he died June 24, 1852. Democratic Secretary of State of Kentucky David Meriwether was appointed July 6, 1852 pending the effective date of the special election. Dixon was then seated September 1, 1852 to finish the term that would end in 1855.

Maryland

Maryland (special)

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland
← 1849 1850 1851 →

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
  image
Candidate Thomas Pratt
Party Whig
Legislative vote -
Percentage -%

Reverdy Johnson won election in 1844 but retired to become the United States Attorney General. In order to fill his seat, David Stewart was elected as a temporary appointment until a successor could be elected. Thomas Pratt won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.

Maryland (regular)

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)
1851 United States Senate election in Maryland
← 1850 1851 1857 →

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly
  image
Candidate Thomas Pratt
Party Whig
Legislative vote -
Percentage -%

Thomas Pratt won election to a full term by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 1 seat.

Massachusetts

In 1851, Democrats gained control of the legislature in coalition with the Free Soilers. However, the legislature deadlocked on this Senate race, as Democrats refused to vote for Charles Sumner (the Free Soilers' choice).

New York

The election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19, 1851. Daniel S. Dickinson (Democratic) had been elected in 1845 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1851. The Whig Party in New York was split in two opposing factions: the Seward/Weed faction (the majority, opposed to the Compromise of 1850) and the "Silver Grays" (supporters of President Millard Fillmore and his compromise legislation, led by Francis Granger whose silver gray hair originated the faction's nickname). The opposing factions of the Democratic Party in New York, the "Barnburners" and the "Hunkers", had reunited at the State election in November 1850, and managed to have almost their whole State ticket elected, only Horatio Seymour was defeated for Governor by a plurality of 262 votes.

At the State election in November 1849, 14 Seward Whigs, 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1850–1851) in the State Senate. At the State election in November 1850, a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851. The 74th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to April 17, and from June 10 to July 11, 1851, at Albany, New York.

Ex-Governor of New York Hamilton Fish was the candidate of the Whig Party, but was also a close friend of Henry Clay who was one of the leaders of the Fillmore faction in Washington, D.C. He was thus considered the only viable compromise candidate. The Silver Grays asked Fish to pledge his support for the Compromise, but Fish refused to make any comment, saying that he did not seek the office, and that the legislators should vote guided by Fish's known political history. Fish had earlier stated his opposition against the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 but was believed to support most of the remainder of the Compromise. Nevertheless, Silver Gray State Senator James W. Beekman declared that he would not vote for Fish for personal reasons, a dislike stemming from the time when they were fellow students at Columbia University.

The State Legislature met on February 4, the legally prescribed day, to elect a U.S. Senator. In the Assembly, Fish received a majority of 78 to 49. In the State Senate the vote stood 16 for Fish and 16 votes for a variety of candidates, among them Beekman's vote for Francis Granger. After a second ballot with the same result, Beekman moved to adjourn, which was carried by the casting vote of the lieutenant governor, and no nomination was made.

On February 14, Senator George B. Guinnip offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. On motion of Senator George R. Babcock, the resolution was laid on the table, i.e. consideration was postponed.

On February 15, Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U.S. Senate. Senator offered an amendment to this resolution, declaring Daniel S. Dickinson elected. On motion of Senator Marius Schoonmaker, the resolution was laid on the table too.

On March 18, when two Democratic State Senators were absent, having gone to New York City, the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14-hour session to re-open the U.S. Senate election, and Senate electionin the small hours of March 19 Fish was nominated by a vote of 16 to 12 (Beekman, Johnson (both Whigs), and William A. Dart (both Democratic) did not vote).

Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.

Candidate Party Senate
(32 members)
February 4
(first ballot)
Senate
(32 members)
February 4
(second ballot)
Assembly
(128 members)
February 4
Senate
(32 members)
March 19
Assembly
(128 members)
March 19
Hamilton Fish Whig 16 16 78 16 68
John Adams Dix Democratic 1 1 29 6 6
James T. Brady Democratic 7
Horatio Seymour Democratic 1 1 4 1
Francis Granger Whig 1 1 2 1
Aaron Ward Democratic 1 1 1
Daniel S. Dickinson Democratic 1 1 1
Arphaxed Loomis Democratic 1 1 1
Amasa J. Parker Democratic 1 1 1
David Buel Jr. Democratic 1 1
Augustus C. Hand Democratic 1 1
John Hunter Democratic 1 1
John Fine Democratic 1 1
Levi S. Chatfield Democratic 1 1
John Tracy Democratic 1 1
Abraham Bockee Democratic 1 1
George Rathbun Democratic 1 1
Timothy Jenkins Democratic 1 1
William L. Marcy Democratic 1
Washington Irving 1
1
Erastus Corning Democratic 1
Levi S. Chatfield Democratic 1
George Wood 1
Daniel Lord 1
James S. Wadsworth Democratic 1
William C. Bouck Democratic 1

Ohio

Incumbent Senator Thomas Corwin (Whig) resigned July 20, 1850 to become U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Thomas Ewing (Whig) was appointed July 20, 1850 to finish the term. Benjamin Wade (Whig) was elected late on March 15, 1851, on the 37th ballot over Ewing.

Pennsylvania

The Pennsylvania election was held January 14, 1851. Richard Brodhead was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.

State Legislature results
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Richard Brodhead 76 57.14
Whig Andrew W. Loomis 12 9.02
Whig Alexander Brown 11 8.27
Whig Samuel Purviance 4 3.01
Whig Samuel Calvin 4 3.01
Whig Thomas M. T. McKennan 4 3.01
Whig John Sergeant 4 3.01
Whig George Chambers 3 2.26
Whig John Dickey 2 1.50
Whig James Pollock 2 1.50
Whig John Allison 1 0.75
Whig William Darlington 1 0.75
Whig Townsend Haines 1 0.75
Whig Charles Pitman 1 0.75
Whig Daniel M. Smyser 1 0.75
Whig Thomas White 1 0.75
Whig David Wilmot 1 0.75
N/A Not voting 3 2.26
Totals 133 100.00%

See also

  • 1850 United States elections
    • 1850–51 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 31st United States Congress
  • 32nd United States Congress

References

  1. "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
  2. "The Senatorial Election in Maryland". The daily union. Washington, D.C. January 12, 1850. p. 3. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  3. "The Senatorial Election in Maryland". The daily union. Washington, D.C. January 12, 1850. p. 3. Retrieved October 31, 2022.
  4. "Monday, Jan. 20, 1851". Journal of the Senate of Wisconsin (Report). Wisconsin Legislature. 1851. pp. 58–60. Retrieved March 1, 2025 – via HathiTrust.
  5. Taylor, William Alexander; Taylor, Aubrey Clarence (1899). Ohio statesmen and annals of progress: from the year 1788 to the year 1900 . State of Ohio. p. 240.
  6. Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, p. 396.
  7. "Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852". Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort, Kentucky: Albert G. Hodges: 412. 1851.
  8. Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, p. 264.
  9. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 00, 1849". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  10. "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1851". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  11. "U.S. Senate Election - 14 January 1851" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  12. "PA US Senate 1851". OurCampaigns. Retrieved December 22, 2012.

Sources

  • Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
  • The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators [gives wrong date for election "November 19"]; pg. 137 for State Senators 1851; pg. 240ff for Members of Assembly 1851)
  • Members of the 32nd United States Congress
  • Hamilton Fish by Amos Elwood Corning (pages 35ff)
  • Result Assembly: Journal of the Assembly (74th Session) (1851; Vol. I, pg. 268f and 662)
  • Result Senate: Journal of the Senate (74th Session) (1851; pg. 136f and 322)
  • The Papers of Henry Clay (Vol. 10; page 859)
  • The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party by Michael F. Holt (pages 649f)
  • "Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, November 3, 1851 - January 9, 1852". Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Frankfort, Kentucky: Albert G. Hodges. 1851.
  • Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

Author: www.NiNa.Az

Publication date: May 07, 2025 / 14:00

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The 1850 51 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1850 and 1851 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 1 1850 51 United States Senate elections 1848 amp 1849 Various dates 1852 amp 1853 21 of the 62 seats in the United States Senate with special elections 32 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Third party Party Democratic Whig Free Soil Last election 33 seats 25 seats 1 seat Seats before 35 25 2 Seats won 12 4 0 Seats after 33 22 2 Seat change 2 3 Seats up 14 7 0Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Whig gain Whig hold Legislature failed to electMajority party before election before election Democratic Elected Majority party Democratic The Democratic Party lost seats but retained a majority in the Senate Results summarySenate party division 32nd Congress 1851 1853 Majority party Democratic 34 35 Minority party Whig Party 21 23 Other parties Free Soiler 2 3 Total seats 62Change in compositionBefore the elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 Ran D24 Ran D25 Ran D26 Ran D27 Ran D28 Ran D29 Ran D30 Ran D31 Ran Majority D32 Ran W22 Unknown W23 Unknown W24 Retired FS1 FS2 D36 Retired D35 Unknown D34 Unknown D33 Ran W21 Ran W20 Ran W19 Ran W18 Ran W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W1 As a result of the elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 Re elected D24 Re elected D25 Re elected D26 Re elected D27 Re elected D28 Re elected D29 Re elected D30 Hold D31 Hold Majority D32 Gain V1 W Loss V2 W Loss FS1 FS2 V3 D Loss V4 D Loss V5 D Loss D34 Gain D33 Gain W21 Gain W20 Gain W19 Hold W18 Re elected W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W1 At the beginning of the first session December 1 1851 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D21 D20 D19 D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28 D29 D30 D31 Majority D32 W22 Gain W23 Gain FS1 FS2 FS3 Gain V1 V2 D34 Hold D33 W21 W20 W19 W18 W17 W16 W15 W14 W13 W12 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W1 Key D Democratic FS Free Soil W Whig V VacantRace summariesElections during the 31st Congress In these elections the winners were seated during 1850 or in 1851 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Maryland Class 1 David Stewart Whig 1849 appointed Interim appointee retired New senator elected January 12 1850 Whig hold Winner was elected to the next term see below Y Thomas Pratt Whig 57 votes David Stewart Democratic 38 votes Blank 2 votes Massachusetts Class 1 Robert C Winthrop Whig 1850 appointed Interim appointee lost election to finish the term New senator elected February 1 1851 Democratic gain Winner was not elected to the next term see below Y Robert Rantoul Jr Democratic Robert C Winthrop Whig data missing Races leading to the 32nd Congress In these regular elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1851 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Connecticut Roger Sherman Baldwin Whig 1847 appointed 1848 special Incumbent lost re election or retired Legislature failed to elect Whig loss Seat would not be filled until 1852 data missing California John C Fremont Democratic 1850 Incumbent lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would not be filled until 1852 John C Fremont Democratic data missing Delaware John Wales Whig 1849 special Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1851 Democratic gain Y James A Bayard Jr Democratic John Wales Whig data missing Florida David Levy Yulee Democratic 1845 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1851 Democratic hold Y Stephen Mallory Democratic David Levy Yulee Democratic data missing Indiana Jesse D Bright Democratic 1844 Incumbent re elected in 1850 Y Jesse D Bright Democratic data missing Maine Hannibal Hamlin Democratic 1848 special Incumbent re elected in 1851 Y Hannibal Hamlin Democratic data missing Maryland Thomas Pratt Whig 1850 special Incumbent January 12 1850 Y Thomas Pratt Whig 54 votes David Stewart Democratic 2 votes Blank 33 votes Massachusetts Robert Rantoul Jr Democratic 1851 special Incumbent lost re election or retired Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would later be filled on April 24 1851 see below Charles Sumner Free Soil data missing Michigan Lewis Cass Democratic 1844 or 1845 1848 resigned 1849 special Incumbent re elected in 1850 or 1851 Y Lewis Cass Democratic data missing Mississippi Jefferson Davis Democratic 1847 appointed 1848 special Incumbent re elected in 1850 Y Jefferson Davis Democratic data missing Missouri Thomas H Benton Democratic 1821 1827 1833 1839 1845 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1851 Whig gain Y Henry S Geyer Whig Thomas H Benton Democratic data missing New Jersey William L Dayton Whig 1842 appointed special 1845 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1851 Democratic gain Y Robert F Stockton Democratic William L Dayton Whig data missing New York Daniel S Dickinson Democratic 1844 appointed 1845 Incumbent lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat would later be filled on March 19 1851 see below Daniel S Dickinson Democratic Many see below Ohio Thomas Ewing Whig 1850 appointed Incumbent lost election to the next term Legislature failed to elect Whig loss Seat would later be filled on March 15 1851 see below Thomas Ewing Whig data missing Pennsylvania Daniel Sturgeon Democratic 1840 1845 Incumbent retired New senator elected January 14 1851 Democratic hold Y Richard Brodhead Democratic Many see below Rhode Island Albert C Greene Whig 1844 or 1845 Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1850 or 1851 Democratic gain Y Charles T James Democratic data missing Tennessee Hopkins L Turney Democratic 1844 Incumbent retired or lost re election New senator elected in 1851 Whig gain Y James C Jones Whig data missing Texas Thomas J Rusk Democratic 1846 Incumbent re elected in 1851 Y Thomas J Rusk Democratic data missing Vermont Samuel S Phelps Whig 1839 1845 Incumbent retired or lost re election New senator elected in 1850 Whig hold Y Solomon Foot Whig data missing Virginia James M Mason Democratic 1847 special Incumbent re elected in 1850 Y James M Mason Democratic data missing Wisconsin Henry Dodge Democratic 1848 Incumbent re elected on January 20 1851 Y Henry Dodge Democratic 83 13 James Duane Doty Ind Dem 8 43 Alexander L Collins Whig 3 61 Rufus King Whig 2 41 Warren Chase Free Soil 1 20 John B Terry Whig 1 20 Elections during the 32nd Congress In late these elections the winners were elected in 1851 after March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Ohio Class 1 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Winner elected late March 15 1851 on the 37th ballot Whig gain Y Benjamin Wade Whig data missing New York Class 1 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Winner elected late March 19 1851 Whig gain Y Hamilton Fish Whig Many see below Massachusetts Class 1 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Winner elected April 24 1851 Free Soil gain Y Charles Sumner Free Soil data missing Kentucky Class 3 Henry Clay Whig 1806 special 1807 retired 1810 appointed 1811 retired 1831 special 1836 1842 resigned 1849 Incumbent resigned December 17 1851 to be effective September 6 1852 Winner elected December 30 1851 Whig hold Y Archibald Dixon Whig 71 votes James Guthrie Democratic 58 votes Garrett Davis Whig 1 vote Charles S Morehead Whig 1 vote Joseph R Underwood Whig 1 vote John L Helm Whig 1 vote Race leading to the 33rd Congress In this regular election the winner was elected for the term beginning March 4 1853 This election involved a Class 3 seat State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Kentucky Joseph R Underwood Whig 1846 or 1847 Incumbent retired New senator elected December 13 1851 far in advance of the 1853 term Know Nothing gain Y John Burton Thompson Know Nothing 73 votes Democratic 65 votesKentuckyKentucky early Senator John Burton Thompson One term Whig Joseph R Underwood retired and the Know Nothing Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky John Burton Thompson was elected early December 13 1851 far in advance of the 1853 term as was common practice at the time Y John Burton Thompson 73 votes 65 votes Kentucky special Senator Archibald Dixon Long term Whig and former United States Secretary of State Henry Clay announced his resignation December 17 1851 from the class 3 seat to be effective September 6 1852 Whig Archibald Dixon was elected December 30 1851 After many ballots the vote in the final deciding ballot was Y Archibald Dixon 71 votes James Guthrie 58 votes Garrett Davis 1 vote Charles S Morehead 1 vote Joseph R Underwood 1 vote John L Helm 1 vote Before Clay s resignation was effective he died June 24 1852 Democratic Secretary of State of Kentucky David Meriwether was appointed July 6 1852 pending the effective date of the special election Dixon was then seated September 1 1852 to finish the term that would end in 1855 MarylandMaryland special This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1850 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1849 1850 1851 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Candidate Thomas Pratt Party Whig Legislative vote Percentage Reverdy Johnson won election in 1844 but retired to become the United States Attorney General In order to fill his seat David Stewart was elected as a temporary appointment until a successor could be elected Thomas Pratt won election by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 1 seat Maryland regular This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2022 1851 United States Senate election in Maryland 1850 1851 1857 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Candidate Thomas Pratt Party Whig Legislative vote Percentage Thomas Pratt won election to a full term by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 1 seat MassachusettsIn 1851 Democrats gained control of the legislature in coalition with the Free Soilers However the legislature deadlocked on this Senate race as Democrats refused to vote for Charles Sumner the Free Soilers choice New YorkThe election in New York was held on February 4 and March 18 and 19 1851 Daniel S Dickinson Democratic had been elected in 1845 to this seat and his term would expire on March 3 1851 The Whig Party in New York was split in two opposing factions the Seward Weed faction the majority opposed to the Compromise of 1850 and the Silver Grays supporters of President Millard Fillmore and his compromise legislation led by Francis Granger whose silver gray hair originated the faction s nickname The opposing factions of the Democratic Party in New York the Barnburners and the Hunkers had reunited at the State election in November 1850 and managed to have almost their whole State ticket elected only Horatio Seymour was defeated for Governor by a plurality of 262 votes At the State election in November 1849 14 Seward Whigs 3 Silver Gray Whigs and 15 Democrats were elected for a two year term 1850 1851 in the State Senate At the State election in November 1850 a Whig majority was elected to the Assembly for the session of 1851 The 74th New York State Legislature met from January 7 to April 17 and from June 10 to July 11 1851 at Albany New York Ex Governor of New York Hamilton Fish was the candidate of the Whig Party but was also a close friend of Henry Clay who was one of the leaders of the Fillmore faction in Washington D C He was thus considered the only viable compromise candidate The Silver Grays asked Fish to pledge his support for the Compromise but Fish refused to make any comment saying that he did not seek the office and that the legislators should vote guided by Fish s known political history Fish had earlier stated his opposition against the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 but was believed to support most of the remainder of the Compromise Nevertheless Silver Gray State Senator James W Beekman declared that he would not vote for Fish for personal reasons a dislike stemming from the time when they were fellow students at Columbia University The State Legislature met on February 4 the legally prescribed day to elect a U S Senator In the Assembly Fish received a majority of 78 to 49 In the State Senate the vote stood 16 for Fish and 16 votes for a variety of candidates among them Beekman s vote for Francis Granger After a second ballot with the same result Beekman moved to adjourn which was carried by the casting vote of the lieutenant governor and no nomination was made On February 14 Senator George B Guinnip offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U S Senate On motion of Senator George R Babcock the resolution was laid on the table i e consideration was postponed On February 15 Guinnip again offered a resolution to declare John Adams Dix elected to the U S Senate Senator offered an amendment to this resolution declaring Daniel S Dickinson elected On motion of Senator Marius Schoonmaker the resolution was laid on the table too On March 18 when two Democratic State Senators were absent having gone to New York City the Whigs persuaded the Democrats in a 14 hour session to re open the U S Senate election and Senate electionin the small hours of March 19 Fish was nominated by a vote of 16 to 12 Beekman Johnson both Whigs and William A Dart both Democratic did not vote Fish was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate and was declared elected Candidate Party Senate 32 members February 4 first ballot Senate 32 members February 4 second ballot Assembly 128 members February 4 Senate 32 members March 19 Assembly 128 members March 19 Hamilton Fish Whig 16 16 78 16 68 John Adams Dix Democratic 1 1 29 6 6 James T Brady Democratic 7 Horatio Seymour Democratic 1 1 4 1 Francis Granger Whig 1 1 2 1 Aaron Ward Democratic 1 1 1 Daniel S Dickinson Democratic 1 1 1 Arphaxed Loomis Democratic 1 1 1 Amasa J Parker Democratic 1 1 1 David Buel Jr Democratic 1 1 Augustus C Hand Democratic 1 1 John Hunter Democratic 1 1 John Fine Democratic 1 1 Levi S Chatfield Democratic 1 1 John Tracy Democratic 1 1 Abraham Bockee Democratic 1 1 George Rathbun Democratic 1 1 Timothy Jenkins Democratic 1 1 William L Marcy Democratic 1 Washington Irving 1 1 Erastus Corning Democratic 1 Levi S Chatfield Democratic 1 George Wood 1 Daniel Lord 1 James S Wadsworth Democratic 1 William C Bouck Democratic 1OhioIncumbent Senator Thomas Corwin Whig resigned July 20 1850 to become U S Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Ewing Whig was appointed July 20 1850 to finish the term Benjamin Wade Whig was elected late on March 15 1851 on the 37th ballot over Ewing PennsylvaniaThe Pennsylvania election was held January 14 1851 Richard Brodhead was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate State Legislature results Party Candidate Votes Democratic Richard Brodhead 76 57 14 Whig Andrew W Loomis 12 9 02 Whig Alexander Brown 11 8 27 Whig Samuel Purviance 4 3 01 Whig Samuel Calvin 4 3 01 Whig Thomas M T McKennan 4 3 01 Whig John Sergeant 4 3 01 Whig George Chambers 3 2 26 Whig John Dickey 2 1 50 Whig James Pollock 2 1 50 Whig John Allison 1 0 75 Whig William Darlington 1 0 75 Whig Townsend Haines 1 0 75 Whig Charles Pitman 1 0 75 Whig Daniel M Smyser 1 0 75 Whig Thomas White 1 0 75 Whig David Wilmot 1 0 75 N A Not voting 3 2 26 Totals 133 100 00 See also1850 United States elections 1850 51 United States House of Representatives elections 31st United States Congress 32nd United States CongressReferences 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 The Senatorial Election in Maryland The daily union Washington D C January 12 1850 p 3 Retrieved October 31 2022 The Senatorial Election in Maryland The daily union Washington D C January 12 1850 p 3 Retrieved October 31 2022 Monday Jan 20 1851 Journal of the Senate of Wisconsin Report Wisconsin Legislature 1851 pp 58 60 Retrieved March 1 2025 via HathiTrust Taylor William Alexander Taylor Aubrey Clarence 1899 Ohio statesmen and annals of progress from the year 1788 to the year 1900 State of Ohio p 240 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky p 396 Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Kentucky November 3 1851 January 9 1852 Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky Frankfort Kentucky Albert G Hodges 412 1851 Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky p 264 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Dec 00 1849 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved November 5 2022 Our Campaigns MD US Senate Race Jan 00 1851 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved November 5 2022 U S Senate Election 14 January 1851 PDF Wilkes University Retrieved December 22 2012 PA US Senate 1851 OurCampaigns Retrieved December 22 2012 SourcesParty Division in the Senate 1789 Present via Senate gov The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 see pg 63 for U S Senators gives wrong date for election November 19 pg 137 for State Senators 1851 pg 240ff for Members of Assembly 1851 Members of the 32nd United States Congress Hamilton Fish by Amos Elwood Corning pages 35ff Result Assembly Journal of the Assembly 74th Session 1851 Vol I pg 268f and 662 Result Senate Journal of the Senate 74th Session 1851 pg 136f and 322 The Papers of Henry Clay Vol 10 page 859 The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party by Michael F Holt pages 649f Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky November 3 1851 January 9 1852 Journals of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky Frankfort Kentucky Albert G Hodges 1851 Pennsylvania Election Statistics 1682 2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project

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