The 1870–71 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1870 and 1871, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.
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25 of the 70 (4 vacant)/74 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 36 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results of the elections: Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican hold Legislature failed to elect | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Republican Party lost five seats, though it still retained an overwhelming majority. In advance of these elections, the last four seceded states were readmitted to the Senate.
Mississippian Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American to be elected as a U.S. Senator and become a member of Congress.
In Georgia, Foster Blodgett was elected and presented his credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.
In Virginia, Republican John F. Lewis and Democrat John W. Johnston were elected on January 26, 1870, to fill seats that had been vacant since 1864 and 1865.
Results summary
Senate party division, 42nd Congress (1871–1873)
- Majority party: Republican (55)
- Minority party: Democratic (14)
- Other parties: Liberal Republican (1)
- Vacant: (4)
- Total seats: 74
Change in Senate composition
By March 30, 1870
After the readmission of Virginia, Texas, and Mississippi, and the special elections in Iowa and Maine.
D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | V1 | |||
D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 Gain Readmitted | R62 Gain Readmitted | R61 Gain Readmitted | R60 Gain Special | R59 Gain Readmitted | R58 Gain Readmitted | R57 Gain Readmitted |
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R47 | R48 | R49 | R50 | R51 | R52 | R53 | R54 | R55 | R56 Appointee elected |
R46 | R45 | R44 | R43 | R42 | R41 | R40 | R39 | R38 | R37 |
Majority → | R36 | ||||||||
R27 | R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | |
R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 | R17 |
R7 | R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 |
R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 | V2 |
Before the elections
Including the February 1871 readmission of Georgia.
D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | |||
D8 Ran | D9 Ran | D10 Unknown | D11 Unknown | R63 Retired | R62 Retired | R61 Retired | R60 Retired | R59 Retired | R58 Unknown |
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R48 Ran | R49 Ran | R50 Ran | R51 Ran | R52 Ran | R53 Ran | R54 Ran | R55 Unknown | R56 Unknown | R57 Unknown |
R47 Ran | R46 Ran | R45 Ran | R44 Ran | R43 Ran | R42 | R41 | R40 | R39 | R38 |
Majority → | R37 | ||||||||
R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | |
R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 |
R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 |
R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
Result of the elections
D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | |||
D8 Hold | D9 Hold | D10 Hold | D11 Gain | D12 Gain | D13 Gain | D14 Gain | V1 D Loss | V2 R Loss | R58 Hold |
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R48 Re-elected | R49 Hold | R50 Hold | R51 Hold | R52 Hold | R53 Hold | R54 Hold | R55 Hold | R56 Hold | R57 Hold |
R47 Re-elected | R46 Re-elected | R45 Re-elected | R44 Re-elected | R43 Re-elected | R42 | R41 | R40 | R39 | R38 |
Majority → | R37 | ||||||||
R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | |
R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 |
R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 |
R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
Beginning of the next Congress
D7 | D6 | D5 | D4 | D3 | D2 | D1 | |||
D8 | D9 | D10 | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 Gain | V1 D Loss | V2 | V3 |
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R48 | R49 | R50 | R51 | R52 | R53 | R54 | R55 | LR1 Change | V4 R Loss |
R47 | R46 | R45 | R44 | R43 | R42 | R41 | R40 | R39 | R38 |
Majority → | R37 | ||||||||
R28 | R29 | R30 | R31 | R32 | R33 | R34 | R35 | R36 | |
R27 | R26 | R25 | R24 | R23 | R22 | R21 | R20 | R19 | R18 |
R8 | R9 | R10 | R11 | R12 | R13 | R14 | R15 | R16 | R17 |
R7 | R6 | R5 | R4 | R3 | R2 | R1 |
Key: |
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Race summaries
Special elections during the 41st Congress
In these elections, the winners were seated during 1870 or in 1871 before March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Iowa (Class 2) | James W. Grimes | Republican | 1858 1864 | Incumbent resigned December 6, 1869 due to ill health. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Winner did not seek election to the next term. |
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Maine (Class 2) | Lot M. Morrill | Republican | 1861 (special) 1863 1869 (lost) 1869 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected January 19, 1870 to finish the term. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. |
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Virginia (Class 1) | Vacant since January 2, 1864, when Joseph Segar (U) was not seated. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected January 26, 1870. Republican gain. |
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Virginia (Class 2) | Vacant since March 4, 1865, when John Curtiss Underwood (U) was not seated. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected January 26, 1870. Democratic gain. Winner was also elected late to the next term; see below. |
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Texas (Class 2) | Vacant since July 11, 1861, when John Hemphill (D) was expelled. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 22, 1870. Allowed to take office when state readmitted on March 30, 1870. Republican gain. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. |
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Mississippi (Class 1) | Vacant since January 21, 1861, when Jefferson Davis (D) resigned | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. |
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Mississippi (Class 2) | Vacant since January 12, 1861, when Albert G. Brown (D) withdrew. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 23, 1870. Republican gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired; see below. |
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Texas (Class 1) | Vacant since March 23, 1861, when Louis Wigfall (D) withdrew. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected March 30, 1870. Republican gain. |
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Missouri (Class 3) | Daniel T. Jewett | Republican | 1870 (appointed) | Interim appointee retired. New senator elected January 20, 1871 to finish the term. Democratic gain. |
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Minnesota (Class 2) | William Windom | Republican | 1865 | Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term. New senator elected January 22, 1871 to finish the term. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term; see below. Instead, interim appointee was elected to the next term; see below. |
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Georgia (Class 3) | Vacant since January 28, 1861, when Alfred Iverson Sr. (D) withdrew. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected in 1867, but not seated until readmission on February 1, 1871. Republican gain. |
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Georgia (Class 2) | Vacant since February 4, 1861, when Robert Toombs (D) withdrew. | State readmitted to the Union. New senator elected February 24, 1871. Democratic gain. Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired; see below. |
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Races leading to the 42nd Congress
In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1871; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Alabama | Willard Warner | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. |
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Arkansas | Alexander McDonald | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. |
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Delaware | Willard Saulsbury Sr. | Democratic | 1858 1864 | Incumbent lost re-election to his older brother. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia | Homer V. M. Miller | Democratic | 1871 (readmission) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1876 or 1877. Democratic loss. Senate later refused to seat Senator-elect Foster Blodgett. |
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Illinois | Richard Yates | Republican | 1864–65 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
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Iowa | James B. Howell | Republican | 1870 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Republican hold. |
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Kansas | Edmund G. Ross | Republican | 1866 (appointed) 1867 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Republican hold. |
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Kentucky | Thomas C. McCreery | Democratic | 1868 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected December 16, 1869. Democratic hold. |
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Louisiana | John S. Harris | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
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Maine | Lot M. Morrill | Republican | 1861 (special) 1863 1869 (lost) 1869 (appointed) 1870 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1870 or 1871. |
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Massachusetts | Henry Wilson | Republican | 1855 (special) 1859 1865 | Incumbent re-elected in 1871. |
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Michigan | Jacob M. Howard | Republican | 1862 (special) 1865 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1871. Republican hold. |
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Minnesota | Ozora P. Stearns | Republican | 1871 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in January 1871. Republican hold. |
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Mississippi | Hiram Rhodes Revels | Republican | 1870 (readmission) | Unknown if incumbent ran for re-election. New senator elected January 18, 1870. Republican hold. |
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Nebraska | John M. Thayer | Republican | 1867 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Republican hold. |
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New Hampshire | Aaron H. Cragin | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. |
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New Jersey | Alexander G. Cattell | Republican | 1866 (special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Republican hold. |
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North Carolina | Joseph Abbott | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent lost renomination. Legislature failed to elect. Republican loss. Seat remained vacant until January 30, 1872. | [data missing] |
Oregon | George H. Williams | Republican | 1864 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1870. Democratic gain. |
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Rhode Island | Henry B. Anthony | Republican | 1858 1864 | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. |
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South Carolina | Thomas J. Robertson | Republican | 1868 (readmission) | Incumbent re-elected in 1870. |
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Tennessee | Joseph S. Fowler | Republican | 1866 (readmission) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1870 or 1871. Democratic gain. |
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Texas | Morgan C. Hamilton | Republican | 1870 (readmission) | Incumbent in 1870. |
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Virginia | John W. Johnston | Democratic | 1870 (readmission) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic loss. Seat remained vacant until March 15, 1871. | [data missing] |
West Virginia | Waitman T. Willey | Republican | 1863 1865 | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1871. Democratic gain. |
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Elections during the 42nd Congress
In this election, the winner was elected in 1871 after March 4.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
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Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Virginia (Class 2) | Vacant | Legislature had failed to elect. Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871. Democratic gain. | ▌ ![]() [data missing] | ||
Georgia (Class 2) | Vacant | Foster Blodgett (R) had presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected. New senator elected November 14, 1871. Democratic gain. | ▌![]() [data missing] |
West Virginia
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Needed to win: Majority of votes cast in each House of the Legislature 54 votes cast in the House; 28 votes needed 21 votes cast in the Senate; 11 votes needed | ||||||||||||||||
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Henry G. Davis, a Democratic state legislator, was elected to replace outgoing Republican incumbent Waitman T. Willey. Davis won the Democratic caucus vote over former legislators Daniel Lamb and Benjamin H. Smith. Davis' victory was attributed to widespread support throughout the state, as well as among party leaders. Nearly all of Lamb's votes, meanwhile, were localized to the Northern Panhandle.
Candidate | First Ballot | |
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Votes | % | |
Henry G. Davis | 27 | 52.9 |
Daniel Lamb | 12 | 23.5 |
Benjamin H. Smith | 12 | 23.5 |
Total | 51 | 100 |
Needed to win | 26 | >50 |
Party | Candidate | House | Senate | |||
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Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Democratic | Henry G. Davis | 39 | 72.2 | 14 | 66.7 | |
Republican | James H. Brown | 15 | 27.8 | 7 | 33.3 | |
Total | 54 | 100 | 21 | 100 | ||
Needed to win | 28 | >50 | 11 | >50 |
See also
- 1870 United States elections
- 41st United States Congress
- 42nd United States Congress
Notes
- as Republican Conference Chair
References
- "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- "Facts & Milestones". United States Senate.
- Clark, Dan Elbert (1913). "History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa". Iowa. pp. 150–151.
- Segar was not seated on the premise that the Union-friendly legislature was illegitimate despite having seated his predecessor based credentials from the same legislature. In reality, the Senate refused because it did not want to set a precedent for easing reentry of Confederate states. See "Musical Chairs (1861–1869)". United States Senate. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- "Musical Chairs (1861–1869)". United States Senate. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- "HAMILTON, Morgan Calvin - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved October 31, 2019."HAMILTON, Morgan Calvin - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- "Our Campaigns - MO US Senate - Special Election Race - Jan 20, 1871". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
- University of Minnesota Libraries, University of Minnesota. "1871 Minnesota U.S. Senate Special Election". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- University of Minnesota Libraries, University of Minnesota. "1871 Minnesota U.S. Senate Election". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Archived from the original on August 24, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
- "Nomination of H.G. Davis to be U.S. Senator". Wheeling Register. January 28, 1871 – via NewspaperArchive.
- Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of West Virginia. West Virginia Legislature. January 31, 1871. pp. 78, 90.
External links
- "Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present". United States Senate.
- Byrd, Robert C. (October 1, 1993). Wolff, Wendy (ed.). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. United States Senate Historical Office (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-16-063256-3.
- Taft, George S. (1885). Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885. United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Author: www.NiNa.Az
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The 1870 71 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states As these U S Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 senators were chosen by state legislatures Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1870 and 1871 and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock In these elections terms were up for the senators in Class 2 1870 71 United States Senate elections 1868 amp 1869 Dates vary by state And other dates for special elections 1872 amp 1873 25 of the 70 4 vacant 74 seats in the United States Senate with special elections 36 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Leader Henry B Anthony Party Republican Democratic Leader since March 4 1863 Leader s seat Rhode Island Last election 57 seats 9 seats Seats before 63 11 Seats won 17 7 Seats after 58 14 Seat change 4 3 Seats up 21 4Results of the elections Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican hold Legislature failed to electMajority Party before election Republican Elected Majority Party Republican The Republican Party lost five seats though it still retained an overwhelming majority In advance of these elections the last four seceded states were readmitted to the Senate Mississippian Hiram Rhodes Revels became the first African American to be elected as a U S Senator and become a member of Congress In Georgia Foster Blodgett was elected and presented his credentials as Senator elect but the Senate declared him not elected In Virginia Republican John F Lewis and Democrat John W Johnston were elected on January 26 1870 to fill seats that had been vacant since 1864 and 1865 Results summarySenate party division 42nd Congress 1871 1873 Majority party Republican 55 Minority party Democratic 14 Other parties Liberal Republican 1 Vacant 4 Total seats 74Change in Senate compositionBy March 30 1870 After the readmission of Virginia Texas and Mississippi and the special elections in Iowa and Maine D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 V1 D7 D8 D9 D10 Gain Readmitted R62 Gain Readmitted R61 Gain Readmitted R60 Gain Special R59 Gain Readmitted R58 Gain Readmitted R57 Gain Readmitted R47 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 R56 Appointee elected R46 R45 R44 R43 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38 R37 Majority R36 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18 R17 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 V2 Before the elections Including the February 1871 readmission of Georgia D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D8 Ran D9 Ran D10 Unknown D11 Unknown R63 Retired R62 Retired R61 Retired R60 Retired R59 Retired R58 Unknown R48 Ran R49 Ran R50 Ran R51 Ran R52 Ran R53 Ran R54 Ran R55 Unknown R56 Unknown R57 Unknown R47 Ran R46 Ran R45 Ran R44 Ran R43 Ran R42 R41 R40 R39 R38 Majority R37 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Result of the elections D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D8 Hold D9 Hold D10 Hold D11 Gain D12 Gain D13 Gain D14 Gain V1 D Loss V2 R Loss R58 Hold R48 Re elected R49 Hold R50 Hold R51 Hold R52 Hold R53 Hold R54 Hold R55 Hold R56 Hold R57 Hold R47 Re elected R46 Re elected R45 Re elected R44 Re elected R43 Re elected R42 R41 R40 R39 R38 Majority R37 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Beginning of the next Congress D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 Gain V1 D Loss V2 V3 R48 R49 R50 R51 R52 R53 R54 R55 LR1 Change V4 R Loss R47 R46 R45 R44 R43 R42 R41 R40 R39 R38 Majority R37 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R18 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Key D Democratic LR Liberal Republican R Republican V VacantRace summariesSpecial elections during the 41st Congress In these elections the winners were seated during 1870 or in 1871 before March 4 ordered by election date State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Iowa Class 2 James W Grimes Republican 1858 1864 Incumbent resigned December 6 1869 due to ill health New senator elected January 18 1870 Winner did not seek election to the next term Y James B Howell Republican John Thompson Stoneman Democratic Maine Class 2 Lot M Morrill Republican 1861 special 1863 1869 lost 1869 appointed Interim appointee elected January 19 1870 to finish the term Winner was also elected to the next term see below Y Lot M Morrill Republican data missing Virginia Class 1 Vacant since January 2 1864 when Joseph Segar U was not seated State readmitted to the Union New senator elected January 26 1870 Republican gain Y John F Lewis Republican data missing Virginia Class 2 Vacant since March 4 1865 when John Curtiss Underwood U was not seated State readmitted to the Union New senator elected January 26 1870 Democratic gain Winner was also elected late to the next term see below Y John W Johnston Democratic data missing Texas Class 2 Vacant since July 11 1861 when John Hemphill D was expelled State readmitted to the Union New senator elected February 22 1870 Allowed to take office when state readmitted on March 30 1870 Republican gain Winner was also elected to the next term see below Y Morgan C Hamilton Republican data missing Mississippi Class 1 Vacant since January 21 1861 when Jefferson Davis D resigned State readmitted to the Union New senator elected February 23 1870 Republican gain Y Adelbert Ames Republican data missing Mississippi Class 2 Vacant since January 12 1861 when Albert G Brown D withdrew State readmitted to the Union New senator elected February 23 1870 Republican gain Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired see below Y Hiram R Revels Republican data missing Texas Class 1 Vacant since March 23 1861 when Louis Wigfall D withdrew State readmitted to the Union New senator elected March 30 1870 Republican gain Y J W Flanagan Republican data missing Missouri Class 3 Daniel T Jewett Republican 1870 appointed Interim appointee retired New senator elected January 20 1871 to finish the term Democratic gain Y Francis Preston Blair Jr Democratic 61 5 John B Henderson Republican 35 5 John F Benjamin Republican 3 0 Minnesota Class 2 William Windom Republican 1865 Interim appointee was not elected to finish the term New senator elected January 22 1871 to finish the term Republican hold Winner was not elected to the next term see below Instead interim appointee was elected to the next term see below Y Ozora P Stearns Republican 44 73 3 Eugene M Wilson Democratic 13 21 7 Amos Coggswell Democratic 2 3 3 Ignatius L Donnelly Democratic 1 1 7 Georgia Class 3 Vacant since January 28 1861 when Alfred Iverson Sr D withdrew State readmitted to the Union New senator elected in 1867 but not seated until readmission on February 1 1871 Republican gain Y Joshua Hill Republican data missing Georgia Class 2 Vacant since February 4 1861 when Robert Toombs D withdrew State readmitted to the Union New senator elected February 24 1871 Democratic gain Unknown if winner ran for the next term or retired see below Y Homer V M Miller Democratic data missing Races leading to the 42nd Congress In these regular elections the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4 1871 ordered by state All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Alabama Willard Warner Republican 1868 readmission Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1870 Democratic gain Y George Goldthwaite Democratic Willard Warner Republican data missing Arkansas Alexander McDonald Republican 1868 readmission Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1870 Republican hold Y Powell Clayton Republican Alexander McDonald Republican data missing Delaware Willard Saulsbury Sr Democratic 1858 1864 Incumbent lost re election to his older brother New senator elected in 1870 Democratic hold Y Eli Saulsbury Democratic Willard Saulsbury Sr Democratic data missing Georgia Homer V M Miller Democratic 1871 readmission Incumbent retired or lost re election New senator elected in 1876 or 1877 Democratic loss Senate later refused to seat Senator elect Foster Blodgett Y Foster Blodgett Republican data missing Illinois Richard Yates Republican 1864 65 Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1870 or 1871 Republican hold Y John A Logan Republican data missing Iowa James B Howell Republican 1870 special Incumbent retired New senator elected January 18 1870 Republican hold Y George G Wright Republican Democratic Kansas Edmund G Ross Republican 1866 appointed 1867 special Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1871 Republican hold Y Alexander Caldwell Republican Edmund G Ross Republican data missing Kentucky Thomas C McCreery Democratic 1868 special Incumbent lost re election New senator elected December 16 1869 Democratic hold Y John W Stevenson Democratic 117 H F Finley Republican 10 Richard M Spalding Democratic 5 John C Breckinridge Democratic 1 Louisiana John S Harris Republican 1868 readmission Unknown if incumbent ran for re election New senator elected in 1870 or 1871 Republican hold Y Joseph R West Republican data missing Maine Lot M Morrill Republican 1861 special 1863 1869 lost 1869 appointed 1870 special Incumbent re elected in 1870 or 1871 Y Lot M Morrill Republican data missing Massachusetts Henry Wilson Republican 1855 special 1859 1865 Incumbent re elected in 1871 Y Henry Wilson Republican data missing Michigan Jacob M Howard Republican 1862 special 1865 Incumbent retired or lost re election New senator elected January 18 1871 Republican hold Y Thomas W Ferry Republican data missing Minnesota Ozora P Stearns Republican 1871 special Incumbent retired New senator elected in January 1871 Republican hold Y William Windom Republican 43 71 7 Richard A Jones Democratic 14 23 3 Morton S Wilkinson Republican 1 1 7 Cornelius F Buck Democratic 1 1 7 Thomas Wilson Republican 1 1 7 Mississippi Hiram Rhodes Revels Republican 1870 readmission Unknown if incumbent ran for re election New senator elected January 18 1870 Republican hold Y James L Alcorn Republican data missing Nebraska John M Thayer Republican 1867 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1870 Republican hold Y Phineas Hitchcock Republican John M Thayer Republican data missing New Hampshire Aaron H Cragin Republican 1864 Incumbent re elected in 1870 Y Aaron H Cragin Republican data missing New Jersey Alexander G Cattell Republican 1866 special Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1870 or 1871 Republican hold Y Frederick T Frelinghuysen Republican data missing North Carolina Joseph Abbott Republican 1868 readmission Incumbent lost renomination Legislature failed to elect Republican loss Seat remained vacant until January 30 1872 data missing Oregon George H Williams Republican 1864 Incumbent lost re election New senator elected in 1870 Democratic gain Y James K Kelly Democratic George H Williams Republican data missing Rhode Island Henry B Anthony Republican 1858 1864 Incumbent re elected in 1870 Y Henry B Anthony Republican data missing South Carolina Thomas J Robertson Republican 1868 readmission Incumbent re elected in 1870 Y Thomas J Robertson Republican data missing Tennessee Joseph S Fowler Republican 1866 readmission Incumbent retired New senator elected in 1870 or 1871 Democratic gain Y Henry Cooper Democratic data missing Texas Morgan C Hamilton Republican 1870 readmission Incumbent in 1870 Y Morgan C Hamilton Republican data missing Virginia John W Johnston Democratic 1870 readmission Incumbent retired or lost re election Legislature failed to elect Democratic loss Seat remained vacant until March 15 1871 data missing West Virginia Waitman T Willey Republican 1863 1865 Incumbent retired or lost re election New senator elected in 1871 Democratic gain Y Henry G Davis Democratic data missing Elections during the 42nd Congress In this election the winner was elected in 1871 after March 4 State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Virginia Class 2 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect Previous incumbent re elected March 15 1871 Democratic gain Y John W Johnston Democratic data missing Georgia Class 2 Vacant Foster Blodgett R had presented credentials as Senator elect but the Senate declared him not elected New senator elected November 14 1871 Democratic gain Y Thomas M Norwood Democratic data missing West Virginia1871 United States Senate election in West Virginia 1865 January 31 1871 1877 Needed to win Majority of votes cast in each House of the Legislature 54 votes cast in the House 28 votes needed 21 votes cast in the Senate 11 votes needed Candidate Henry G Davis James H Brown Party Democratic Republican House vote 39 votes 72 2 15 votes 27 8 Senate vote 14 votes 66 7 7 votes 33 3 U S senator before election Waitman T Willey Republican Elected U S Senator Henry G Davis Democratic Henry G Davis a Democratic state legislator was elected to replace outgoing Republican incumbent Waitman T Willey Davis won the Democratic caucus vote over former legislators Daniel Lamb and Benjamin H Smith Davis victory was attributed to widespread support throughout the state as well as among party leaders Nearly all of Lamb s votes meanwhile were localized to the Northern Panhandle Democratic nomination Candidate First Ballot Votes Henry G Davis 27 52 9 Daniel Lamb 12 23 5 Benjamin H Smith 12 23 5 Total 51 100 Needed to win 26 gt 50 Floor vote Party Candidate House Senate Votes Votes Democratic Henry G Davis 39 72 2 14 66 7 Republican James H Brown 15 27 8 7 33 3 Total 54 100 21 100 Needed to win 28 gt 50 11 gt 50See also1870 United States elections 1870 71 United States House of Representatives elections 41st United States Congress 42nd United States CongressNotesas Republican Conference ChairReferences 17th Amendment to the U S Constitution Direct Election of U S Senators 1913 National Archives and Records Administration February 8 2022 Facts amp Milestones United States Senate Clark Dan Elbert 1913 History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa pp 150 151 Segar was not seated on the premise that the Union friendly legislature was illegitimate despite having seated his predecessor based credentials from the same legislature In reality the Senate refused because it did not want to set a precedent for easing reentry of Confederate states See Musical Chairs 1861 1869 United States Senate Retrieved March 20 2009 Musical Chairs 1861 1869 United States Senate Retrieved March 20 2009 HAMILTON Morgan Calvin Biographical Information bioguide congress gov Retrieved October 31 2019 HAMILTON Morgan Calvin Biographical Information bioguide congress gov Retrieved October 31 2019 Our Campaigns MO US Senate Special Election Race Jan 20 1871 www ourcampaigns com Retrieved October 31 2019 University of Minnesota Libraries University of Minnesota 1871 Minnesota U S Senate Special Election Minnesota Historical Election Archive Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 University of Minnesota Libraries University of Minnesota 1871 Minnesota U S Senate Election Minnesota Historical Election Archive Archived from the original on August 24 2021 Retrieved August 24 2021 Nomination of H G Davis to be U S Senator Wheeling Register January 28 1871 via NewspaperArchive Journal of the House of Delegates of the State of West Virginia West Virginia Legislature January 31 1871 pp 78 90 External links Party Division in the Senate 1789 Present United States Senate Byrd Robert C October 1 1993 Wolff Wendy ed The Senate 1789 1989 Historical Statistics 1789 1992 United States Senate Historical Office volume 4 Bicentennial ed U S Government Printing Office ISBN 978 0 16 063256 3 Taft George S 1885 Compilation of Senate Election Cases from 1789 to 1885 United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections Washington DC U S Government Printing Office