The 19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party formally the Standing Committee of the Political Bu

The 19th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, formally the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was elected by the 1st plenary session of the 19th Central Committee on 25 October 2017, in the aftermath of the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It was preceded by the CCP's 18th Politburo Standing Committee and was succeeded by the 20th in October 2022.

Meetings

Disclosed meetings of the 19th Politburo Standing Committee
Date	Length	Type
15 January 2018	1 day	Ordinary meeting
22 February 2018	1 day	Ordinary meeting
16 August 2018	1 day	Ordinary meeting
7 January 2019	1 day	Ordinary meeting
7 January 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
25 January 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
3 February 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
12 February 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
26 February 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
4 March 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
18 March 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
8 April 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
29 April 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
6 May 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
14 May 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
17 July 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
22 October 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
3 December 2020	1 day	Ordinary meeting
7 January 2021	1 day	Ordinary meeting
6 January 2022	1 day	Ordinary meeting
17 March 2022	1 day	Ordinary meeting
31 March 2022	1 day	Ordinary meeting
5 May 2022	1 day	Ordinary meeting

Composition

Members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the 19th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
R.			18th	20th	Birth	PM	Birthplace	Academic feats	Positions
1	Xi Jinping	习近平	Old	Elected	1953	1974	Beijing	Graduate Doctoral degree in Marxist legal studies Undergraduate degree in chemical engineering	Eleven Party offices General Secretary, Central Committee Chairman, National Security Commission of the Central Committee Chairman, Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission of the Central Committee Head, Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs of the Central Committee Head, Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work of the Central Committee Head, of the Central Committee Military offices Chairman, Central Military Commission Commander-in-chief, Joint Operations Command Center of the Central Military Commission of the People's Liberation Army Head, Leading Group for National Defence and Military Reform of the Central Military Commission Head, State offices President of the People's Republic of China
2	Li Keqiang	李克强	Old	Not	1955	1974	Hefei	Graduate Master's degree in business administration Graduate programme in world economics Graduate programme in engineering management Undergraduate degree in agricultural mechanisation	Seven Party offices Head, Central Institutional Organisation Commission of the Central Committee Deputy Chairman, Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission of the Central Committee Deputy Chairman, Central Financial and Economic Affairs Commission of the Central Committee Deputy Chairman, Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the Central Committee State offices Premier, State Council of the People's Republic of China Head, Head,
3	Li Zhanshu	栗战书	New	Not	1950	1975	Hebei	Graduate Master's degree in business administration Graduate programme in business economics Undergraduate degree in politics	Five Party office Head, General Office of the Central Committee Secretary, Head, Office of the National Security Commission of the Central Committee Head, of the Central Committee State office Chairman, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
4	Wang Yang	汪洋	New	Not	1955	1975	Anhui	Graduate Master's degree in management science Bachelor's degree in public administration Programme in political economy	Five Organisational office Chairman, National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Party office Leader, Head, Head, Deputy Head, Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs
5	Wang Huning	王沪宁	New	Elected	1955	1984	Shanghai	Graduate Master's degree in Marxist legal studies Graduate programme in international politics Undergraduate degree in French	Two Party office First-ranked Secretary, Secretariat of the Central Committee Head, Central Policy Research Office of the Central Committee
6	Zhao Leji	赵乐际	New	Elected	1957	1975	Shandong	Graduate Graduate programme in currency and banking Undergraduate degree in philosophy	Two Party offices Secretary, Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Head, Central Leading Group for Inspection Work
7	Han Zheng	韩正	New	Not	1954	1979	Shanghai	Graduate Master's degree in international political economy Undergraduate degree in politics	Twelve Party offices Deputy Head, Central Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission Head, Central Leading Group for Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Deputy Head, Director, State offices First-rankedVice Premier, State Council of the People's Republic of China Head, Head, Head, Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction Head, Head, Head, Head,

References

Notes

Ruan Yuxiu (15 January 2018). "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to a report on the preparation of the plan for Hebei Xiong'an New Area, and Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取河北雄安新区规划编制情况的汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to hear a report on the investigation of the vaccine case of Jilin Changchun Changsheng Company and the relevant accountability Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取关于吉林长春长生公司问题疫苗案件调查及有关问责情况的汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 16 August 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic caused by the new coronavirus Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study strengthening the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic infected by the new coronavirus Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究加强新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and study the strengthening of prevention and control work" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析新冠肺炎疫情形势研究加强防控工作] (in Chinese). . 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and study the key work of prevention and control in the near future Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析新冠肺炎疫情形势研究近期防控重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study the current key work of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and the stabilization of economic and social operation Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究当前新冠肺炎疫情防控和稳定经济社会运行重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and the economic situation at home and abroad, study and deploy, and coordinate the key work of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析国内外新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济形势研究部署统筹抓好疫情防控和经济社会发展重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the work report of the Central Guidance Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control Work Study and improve the normalized epidemic prevention and control system and mechanism Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取疫情防控工作中央指导组工作汇报研究完善常态化疫情防控体制机制中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study and deploy flood prevention and disaster relief work, presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究部署防汛救灾工作习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 17 July 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the summary and evaluation report on the implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取“十三五”规划实施总结评估汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the summary and assessment report on poverty alleviation Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取脱贫攻坚总结评估汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 31 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
"The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the current situation of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, study and deploy, and grasp the key work of epidemic prevention and control Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析当前新冠肺炎疫情防控形势研究部署抓紧抓实疫情防控重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.
Li, Cheng (26 October 2017). "China's new Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee". Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Xi Jinping 习近平" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Li Keqiang 李克强" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Li Zhanshu 栗战书" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Wang Yang 汪洋" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Wang Huning 王沪宁" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Zhao Leji 赵乐际" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Li, Cheng. "Han Zheng 韩正" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

Bibliography

[1] Ruan Yuxiu (15 January 2018). "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[2] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to a report on the preparation of the plan for Hebei Xiong'an New Area, and Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取河北雄安新区规划编制情况的汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[3] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to hear a report on the investigation of the vaccine case of Jilin Changchun Changsheng Company and the relevant accountability Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取关于吉林长春长生公司问题疫苗案件调查及有关问责情况的汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 16 August 2018. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[4] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[5] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[6] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic caused by the new coronavirus Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 25 January 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[7] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study strengthening the prevention and control of the pneumonia epidemic infected by the new coronavirus Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究加强新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情防控工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 3 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[8] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and study the strengthening of prevention and control work" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析新冠肺炎疫情形势研究加强防控工作] (in Chinese). . 12 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[9] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and study the key work of prevention and control in the near future Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析新冠肺炎疫情形势研究近期防控重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 26 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[10] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study the current key work of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and the stabilization of economic and social operation Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究当前新冠肺炎疫情防控和稳定经济社会运行重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 4 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[11] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic and the economic situation at home and abroad, study and deploy, and coordinate the key work of epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析国内外新冠肺炎疫情防控和经济形势研究部署统筹抓好疫情防控和经济社会发展重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[12] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 18 March 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[13] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 29 April 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[14] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the work report of the Central Guidance Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control Work Study and improve the normalized epidemic prevention and control system and mechanism Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取疫情防控工作中央指导组工作汇报研究完善常态化疫情防控体制机制中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[15] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[16] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to study and deploy flood prevention and disaster relief work, presided over by Xi Jinping" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议研究部署防汛救灾工作习近平主持] (in Chinese). . 17 July 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[17] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the summary and evaluation report on the implementation of the "13th Five-Year Plan" Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取“十三五”规划实施总结评估汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 22 October 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[18] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to listen to the summary and assessment report on poverty alleviation Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议听取脱贫攻坚总结评估汇报中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 3 December 2020. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[19] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 7 January 2021. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[20] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 6 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[21] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 17 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[22] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting and Xi Jinping presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 31 March 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[23] "The Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held a meeting to analyze the current situation of the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, study and deploy, and grasp the key work of epidemic prevention and control Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, presided over the meeting" [中共中央政治局常务委员会召开会议分析当前新冠肺炎疫情防控形势研究部署抓紧抓实疫情防控重点工作中共中央总书记习近平主持会议] (in Chinese). . 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 July 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023.

[24] Li, Cheng (26 October 2017). "China's new Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee". Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 22 July 2023.

[Xi_Jinping-25] Li, Cheng. "Xi Jinping 习近平" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

[Li_Keqiang-26] Li, Cheng. "Li Keqiang 李克强" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

[Li_Zhanshu-27] Li, Cheng. "Li Zhanshu 栗战书" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

[Wang_Yang-28] Li, Cheng. "Wang Yang 汪洋" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

[Wang_Huning-29] Li, Cheng. "Wang Huning 王沪宁" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

[Zhao_Leji-30] Li, Cheng. "Zhao Leji 赵乐际" (PDF). Brookings Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

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