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Colonel James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st Baron Wharncliffe, PC (6 October 1776 – 19 December 1845) was a British soldier and politician. A grandson of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, he held office under Sir Robert Peel as Lord Privy Seal between 1834 and 1835 and as Lord President of the Council between 1841 and 1845.
The Right Honourable The Lord Wharncliffe PC | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lord Privy Seal | |
| In office 15 December 1834 – 8 April 1835 | |
| Monarch | William IV |
| Prime Minister | Sir Robert Peel, Bt |
| Preceded by | The Earl of Mulgrave |
| Succeeded by | Viscount Dungannon |
| Lord President of the Council | |
| In office 3 September 1841 – 19 December 1845 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Prime Minister | Sir Robert Peel, Bt |
| Preceded by | The Marquess of Lansdowne |
| Succeeded by | The Duke of Buccleuch |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 October 1776 |
| Died | 19 December 1845 (aged 69) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouse | Lady Elizabeth Crichton (1779–1856) |
| Children | 5, including John, Charles, and James |
| Parent(s) | James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie Margaret Cunynghame |
Background and education
Stuart-Wortley was the son of Colonel James Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, son of John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, and his wife Mary Wortley-Montagu, Baroness Mountstuart in her own right, daughter of Edward Wortley Montagu and Lady Mary Pierrepont. His father had assumed the additional surname of Wortley as heir to his mother, taking later also that of Mackenzie (which his son in later life discarded) as heir to his great-uncle James Stuart-Mackenzie of Rosehaugh. Stuart-Wortley's mother was Margaret, daughter of Lieutenant-General Sir David Cunynghame, 3rd Baronet. He was educated at Charterhouse School.
Military career
Stuart-Wortley was commissioned into the 48th Foot in 1790, transferred to the 7th Foot in 1791, and purchased a captaincy in the 72nd Foot in 1793. He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in 1797 and became colonel of the 12th Foot six months later. In 1797 he transferred to the Grenadier Guards, but resigned his commission in 1801.[citation needed]
Political career
Stuart-Wortley sat as Tory Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Bossiney in Cornwall between 1802 and 1818, when he was returned for Yorkshire.
His attitude on various questions became gradually more liberal, and his support of Catholic Emancipation lost him his seat in 1826. He was then raised to the peerage as Baron Wharncliffe, of Wortley in the County of York, a recognition both of his previous parliamentary activity and of his high position among the country gentlemen.
In 1831, as political tempers ran high over the issue of Reform, Wharncliffe succeeded in opening channels of communication between the Government and the Opposition. Greville noted in his diary on 19 November 1831 that:
”Wharncliffe has neither wealth, influence, nor superior abilities, nor even popularity with his own party. He is a spirited, sensible, zealous, honorable, consistent country gentleman; their knowledge of his moderation and integrity induced Ministers to commit themselves to him, and he will thus be in all probability enabled to render an essential service to his country…”
He at first opposed the 1832 Reform Bill but, having come to see the undesirability of a popular conflict, separated himself from the Tories (with a number of colleagues, collectively known as "the Waverers") and took an important part in modifying the attitude of the peers and helping to pass the bill, though his attempts at amendment only resulted in his pleasing neither party. He became Lord Privy Seal in Sir Robert Peel's short 1834 to 1835 ministry, and again joined him in 1841 as Lord President of the Council, a post he held until 1845.[citation needed]
In 1834, he was sworn of the Privy Council.
In 1837 Lord Wharncliffe brought out an edition of the writings of his ancestress, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu.
The 1833 steam locomotive, Lord Wharncliffe, was named after him; it ran on the Dundee and Newtyle Railway, of which he was a director.
Family
Lord Wharncliffe married Lady Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton (1779–1856), daughter of John Crichton, 1st Earl Erne and his second wife Lady Mary Hervey on 30 March 1799. They had five children:[citation needed]
- John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 2nd Baron Wharncliffe (1801–1855)
- Hon. Charles Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1802–1844)
- Hon. Caroline Mary Stuart-Wortley (1803–1806)
- Hon. James Archibald Stuart-Wortley (1805–1881), Solicitor-General
- Hon. Caroline Jane Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie (1809–12 June 1876), married on 30 August 1830 Hon. John Chetwynd-Talbot (1806–1852)
Lord Wharncliffe died in December 1845, aged 69, and was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, John, whose son Edward, 3rd Baron was created Earl of Wharncliffe in 1876. Lady Wharncliffe died in April 1856.[citation needed]
References
- "STUART WORTLEY, James Archibald (1776–1845), of Wortley Hall, Yorks.; 15 Curzon Street, Mayfair, Mdx. and Belmont, Perth". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
- One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wharncliffe, James Archibald Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, 1st Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 574.
- House of Commons: Yardley to Youghal[usurped]. Leighrayment.com. Retrieved on 9 July 2012.
- "No. 18259". The London Gazette. 17 June 1826. p. 1478.
- Charles C. F. Greville, A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV, volume II (London, Longmans Green & Co, 1874), at page 213
- Privy Counsellors 1769–1834[usurped]. Leighrayment.com. Retrieved on 9 July 2012.
- Lee, Charles E.. (October 1951). "The Dundee and Newtyle Railway: 2 – Engineering and Operation". The Railway Magazine.
- England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538–1975
- England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538–1975
- England, Select Births and Christenings, 1538–1975
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Lord Wharncliffe
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Colonel James Archibald Stuart Wortley Mackenzie 1st Baron Wharncliffe PC 6 October 1776 19 December 1845 was a British soldier and politician A grandson of Prime Minister John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute he held office under Sir Robert Peel as Lord Privy Seal between 1834 and 1835 and as Lord President of the Council between 1841 and 1845 The Right HonourableThe Lord WharncliffePCLord Privy SealIn office 15 December 1834 8 April 1835MonarchWilliam IVPrime MinisterSir Robert Peel BtPreceded byThe Earl of MulgraveSucceeded byViscount DungannonLord President of the CouncilIn office 3 September 1841 19 December 1845MonarchVictoriaPrime MinisterSir Robert Peel BtPreceded byThe Marquess of LansdowneSucceeded byThe Duke of BuccleuchPersonal detailsBorn 1776 10 06 6 October 1776Died19 December 1845 1845 12 19 aged 69 NationalityBritishPolitical partyTorySpouseLady Elizabeth Crichton 1779 1856 Children5 including John Charles and JamesParent s James Stuart Wortley Mackenzie Margaret CunynghameBackground and educationStuart Wortley was the son of Colonel James Stuart Wortley Mackenzie son of John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute and his wife Mary Wortley Montagu Baroness Mountstuart in her own right daughter of Edward Wortley Montagu and Lady Mary Pierrepont His father had assumed the additional surname of Wortley as heir to his mother taking later also that of Mackenzie which his son in later life discarded as heir to his great uncle James Stuart Mackenzie of Rosehaugh Stuart Wortley s mother was Margaret daughter of Lieutenant General Sir David Cunynghame 3rd Baronet He was educated at Charterhouse School Military careerStuart Wortley was commissioned into the 48th Foot in 1790 transferred to the 7th Foot in 1791 and purchased a captaincy in the 72nd Foot in 1793 He was promoted lieutenant colonel in 1797 and became colonel of the 12th Foot six months later In 1797 he transferred to the Grenadier Guards but resigned his commission in 1801 citation needed Political careerStuart Wortley sat as Tory Member of Parliament for the rotten borough of Bossiney in Cornwall between 1802 and 1818 when he was returned for Yorkshire His attitude on various questions became gradually more liberal and his support of Catholic Emancipation lost him his seat in 1826 He was then raised to the peerage as Baron Wharncliffe of Wortley in the County of York a recognition both of his previous parliamentary activity and of his high position among the country gentlemen In 1831 as political tempers ran high over the issue of Reform Wharncliffe succeeded in opening channels of communication between the Government and the Opposition Greville noted in his diary on 19 November 1831 that Wharncliffe has neither wealth influence nor superior abilities nor even popularity with his own party He is a spirited sensible zealous honorable consistent country gentleman their knowledge of his moderation and integrity induced Ministers to commit themselves to him and he will thus be in all probability enabled to render an essential service to his country He at first opposed the 1832 Reform Bill but having come to see the undesirability of a popular conflict separated himself from the Tories with a number of colleagues collectively known as the Waverers and took an important part in modifying the attitude of the peers and helping to pass the bill though his attempts at amendment only resulted in his pleasing neither party He became Lord Privy Seal in Sir Robert Peel s short 1834 to 1835 ministry and again joined him in 1841 as Lord President of the Council a post he held until 1845 citation needed In 1834 he was sworn of the Privy Council In 1837 Lord Wharncliffe brought out an edition of the writings of his ancestress Lady Mary Wortley Montagu The 1833 steam locomotive Lord Wharncliffe was named after him it ran on the Dundee and Newtyle Railway of which he was a director FamilyLord Wharncliffe married Lady Elizabeth Caroline Mary Crichton 1779 1856 daughter of John Crichton 1st Earl Erne and his second wife Lady Mary Hervey on 30 March 1799 They had five children citation needed John Stuart Wortley Mackenzie 2nd Baron Wharncliffe 1801 1855 Hon Charles Stuart Wortley Mackenzie 1802 1844 Hon Caroline Mary Stuart Wortley 1803 1806 Hon James Archibald Stuart Wortley 1805 1881 Solicitor General Hon Caroline Jane Stuart Wortley Mackenzie 1809 12 June 1876 married on 30 August 1830 Hon John Chetwynd Talbot 1806 1852 Lord Wharncliffe died in December 1845 aged 69 and was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son John whose son Edward 3rd Baron was created Earl of Wharncliffe in 1876 Lady Wharncliffe died in April 1856 citation needed References STUART WORTLEY James Archibald 1776 1845 of Wortley Hall Yorks 15 Curzon Street Mayfair Mdx and Belmont Perth History of Parliament Online Retrieved 18 December 2017 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Wharncliffe James Archibald Stuart Wortley Mackenzie 1st Baron Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 28 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 574 House of Commons Yardley to Youghal usurped Leighrayment com Retrieved on 9 July 2012 No 18259 The London Gazette 17 June 1826 p 1478 Charles C F Greville A Journal of the Reigns of King George IV and King William IV volume II London Longmans Green amp Co 1874 at page 213 Privy Counsellors 1769 1834 usurped Leighrayment com Retrieved on 9 July 2012 Lee Charles E October 1951 The Dundee and Newtyle Railway 2 Engineering and Operation The Railway Magazine England Select Births and Christenings 1538 1975 England Select Births and Christenings 1538 1975 England Select Births and Christenings 1538 1975External linksHansard 1803 2005 contributions in Parliament by Lord Wharncliffe Parliament of the United Kingdom Preceded byParliament of Great Britain Member of Parliament for Bossiney 1802 1818 Succeeded byHon John Ward Preceded byViscount Milton Viscount Lascelles Member of Parliament for Yorkshire 1818 1826 With Viscount Milton Succeeded byViscount Milton Hon William Duncombe John Marshall Political offices Preceded byThe Earl of Mulgrave Lord Privy Seal 1834 1835 Succeeded byViscount Duncannon Preceded byThe Marquess of Lansdowne Lord President of the Council 1841 1845 Succeeded byThe Duke of Buccleuch Honorary titles Preceded byThe Earl of Harewood Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire 1841 1845 Succeeded byThe Earl of Harewood Peerage of the United Kingdom New creation Baron Wharncliffe 1826 1845 Succeeded byJohn Stuart Wortley