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The appointment of federal judges for United States federal courts is done via nomination by the President of the United States and confirmation by the United States Senate. The tables below provide the composition of all Article III courts which include the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeals at the end of each four year presidential term, as well as the current compositions of the District Courts and the Court of International Trade, categorizing the judges by the presidential term during which they were first appointed to their seats.
As of June 30, 2022, of the 9 justices of the Supreme Court, 6 were appointed by a Republican president, and 3 were appointed by a Democratic president.
As of January 2, 2025, of the 179 Courts of Appeals judges, 89 were appointed by Republican presidents, and 88 by Democratic presidents. Out of the 13 federal appeals courts, Democratic appointees have a majority on 7 courts, whereas Republican appointees have a majority on 6 courts.
As of January 2, 2025, of the 679 district court judges, 384 were appointed by Democratic presidents compared to 257 by Republican ones. Within the individual circuit jurisdictions, Democratic presidents have appointed majorities in 8 circuits while Republican presidents have appointed a majority in 4 circuits.
The party of the president who appointed a judge is generally a consistent indicator of that judge's judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum, especially in modern times, although there are cases where judges stray from their appointers. Federal judges often strategically time their retirement so as to give the president of the same party that first appointed them an opportunity to nominate the successor.
Abbreviation key
| Acronym | President | Term | Date range |
|---|---|---|---|
| DJT 2 | Donald Trump | current | January 20, 2025 – present |
| JRB | Joe Biden | only | January 20, 2021 - January 20, 2025 |
| DJT 1 | Donald Trump | first | January 20, 2017 - January 20, 2021 |
| BHO 2 | Barack Obama | second | January 20, 2013 - January 20, 2017 |
| BHO 1 | Barack Obama | first | January 20, 2009 - January 20, 2013 |
| GWB 2 | George W. Bush | second | January 20, 2005 - January 20, 2009 |
| GWB 1 | George W. Bush | first | January 20, 2001 - January 20, 2005 |
| WJC 2 | Bill Clinton | second | January 20, 1997 - January 20, 2001 |
| WJC 1 | Bill Clinton | first | January 20, 1993 - January 20, 1997 |
| GHWB | George H. W. Bush | only | January 20, 1989 - January 20, 1993 |
| RWR 2 | Ronald Reagan | second | January 20, 1985 - January 20, 1989 |
| RWR 1 | Ronald Reagan | first | January 20, 1981 - January 20, 1985 |
| JEC | Jimmy Carter | only | January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 |
| RMN/GRF | Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford | split | January 20, 1973 - January 20, 1977 |
| RMN 1 | Richard Nixon | first | January 20, 1969 - January 20, 1973 |
| LBJ 2 | Lyndon B. Johnson | second | January 20, 1965 - January 20, 1969 |
| JFK/LBJ | John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson | split | January 20, 1961 - January 20, 1965 |
| DDE 2 | Dwight Eisenhower | second | January 20, 1957 - January 20, 1961 |
| DDE 1 | Dwight Eisenhower | first | January 20, 1953 - January 20, 1957 |
| HST 2 | Harry Truman | second | January 20, 1949 - January 20, 1953 |
| FDR/HST | Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman | split | January 20, 1945 - January 20, 1949 |
| FDR 3 | Franklin Roosevelt | third | January 20, 1941 - January 20, 1945 |
| FDR 2 | Franklin Roosevelt | second | January 20, 1937 - January 20, 1941 |
| FDR 1 | Franklin Roosevelt | first | March 4, 1933 - January 20, 1937 |
| HCH | Herbert Hoover | only | March 4, 1929 - March 4, 1933 |
| JCC 2 | Calvin Coolidge | second | March 4, 1925 - March 4, 1929 |
| WGH/JCC | Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge | split | March 4, 1921 - March 4, 1925 |
| TWW 2 | Woodrow Wilson | second | March 4, 1917 - March 4, 1921 |
| TWW 1 | Woodrow Wilson | first | March 4, 1913 - March 4, 1917 |
| WHT | William Howard Taft | only | March 4, 1909 - March 4, 1913 |
| TR 2 | Theodore Roosevelt | second | March 4, 1905 - March 4, 1909 |
| WMK/TR | William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt | split | March 4, 1901 - March 4, 1905 |
| WMK 1 | William McKinley | first | March 4, 1897 - March 4, 1901 |
| SGC 2 | Grover Cleveland | second | March 4, 1893 - March 4, 1897 |
| BH | Benjamin Harrison | only | March 4, 1889 - March 4, 1893 |
| SGC 1 | Grover Cleveland | first | March 4, 1885 - March 4, 1889 |
| JAG/CAA | James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur | split | March 4, 1881 - March 4, 1885 |
| RBH | Rutherford B. Hayes | only | March 4, 1877 - March 4, 1881 |
| USG 2 | Ulysses S. Grant | second | March 4, 1873 - March 4, 1877 |
| USG 1 | Ulysses S. Grant | first | March 4, 1869 - March 4, 1873 |
| AL/AJ | Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson | split | March 4, 1865 - March 4, 1869 |
| AL 1 | Abraham Lincoln | first | March 4, 1861 - March 4, 1865 |
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States. Originally, the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six. However, as the nation's boundaries grew across the continent and as Supreme Court justices in those days had to ride the circuit, an arduous process requiring long travel on horseback or carriage over harsh terrain that resulted in months-long extended stays away from home, Congress added justices to correspond with the growth: seven in 1807, nine in 1837, and ten in 1863. The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 then set the number to gradually be reduced to seven through the retirement or death of current associate justices. The court was down to eight when the Judiciary Act of 1869 restored the number to nine.
As of April 7, 2022[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 9 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — |
| 1989 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1985 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1981 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 | HST 2 | FDR /HST | FDR 3 | FDR 2 | FDR 1 | HCH | JCC 2 | WGH /JCC | TWW 2 | TWW 1 | WHT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1973 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1969 | 9 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1965 | 9 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1961 | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1957 | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1953 | 9 | 0 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1949 | 9 | 0 | 9 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1945 | 9 | 2 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1941 | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1937 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 |
| 1933 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 |
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | JCC 2 | WGH /JCC | TWW 2 | TWW 1 | WHT | TR 2 | WMK /TR | WMK 1 | SGC 2 | BH | SGC 1 | JAG /CAA | RBH | USG 2 | USG 1 | AL /AJ | AL 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | 1 | 4 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1925 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | 4 | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1921 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1917 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1913 | 9 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1909 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1905 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1901 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1897 | 9 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1893 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1889 | 9 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 2 |
| 1885 | 9 | 9 | 0 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 |
Courts of appeals
The United States courts of appeals were established by the Judiciary Act of 1891 as "United States circuit courts of appeals" (the name was changed to its current form in 1948). The act authorized 19 appellate judgeships in 9 circuits. Since then, the number of authorized appellate judgeships has increased to 179.
Summary of 13 circuits combined
As of January 15, 2025[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 179 | 88 | 88 | 3 | — | 44 | 53 | 22 | 13 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 179 | 88 | 88 | 3 | — | 44 | 53 | 22 | 13 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 179 | 96 | 81 | 2 | — | — | 53 | 24 | 26 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 179 | 72 | 90 | 17 | — | — | — | 25 | 28 | 23 | 26 | 22 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 179 | 84 | 78 | 17 | — | — | — | — | 30 | 24 | 30 | 26 | 17 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009* | 178 | 100 | 66 | 12 | — | — | — | — | — | 24 | 32 | 34 | 25 | 21 | 15 | 7 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 179 | 94 | 69 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 35 | 25 | 29 | 20 | 8 | 9 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 179 | 76 | 78 | 25 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 35 | 29 | 35 | 28 | 11 | 14 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 179 | 105 | 53 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 29 | 40 | 45 | 14 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1993 | 179 | 119 | 42 | 18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | 50 | 20 | 40 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1989 | 168 | 96 | 62 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 50 | 26 | 53 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 168 | 66 | 76 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 33 | 57 | 15 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 1 | — |
| 1981 | 140 | 50 | 86 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 59 | 16 | 30 | 19 | 8 | 2 | 1 |
- There were temporarily 178 appellate federal judgeships, due to the elimination of a 12th seat on the D.C. Circuit by Section 509 of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007. That Act also provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009 which increased the number of authorized appellate judgeships back to 179.
As of January 15, 2025[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 100% | 49% | 49% | 2% | — | 24% | 30% | 12% | 7% | 8% | 6% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 100% | 49% | 49% | 2% | — | 24% | 30% | 12% | 7% | 8% | 6% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 100% | 54% | 45% | 1% | — | — | 30% | 13% | 15% | 9% | 8% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 2% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 100% | 40% | 50% | 9% | — | — | — | 14% | 16% | 13% | 15% | 12% | 8% | 5% | 4% | 3% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 100% | 47% | 44% | 9% | — | — | — | — | 17% | 13% | 17% | 15% | 9% | 7% | 6% | 4% | 3% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 100% | 56% | 37% | 7% | — | — | — | — | — | 13% | 18% | 19% | 14% | 12% | 8% | 4% | 4% | 1% | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 100% | 53% | 39% | 9% | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 20% | 14% | 16% | 11% | 4% | 5% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 100% | 42% | 44% | 14% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 16% | 20% | 16% | 6% | 8% | 1% | 1% | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 100% | 59% | 30% | 12% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 16% | 22% | 25% | 8% | 12% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1993 | 100% | 67% | 23% | 10% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 22% | 28% | 11% | 22% | 3% | 2% | 1% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1989 | 100% | 57% | 37% | 6% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 30% | 16% | 32% | 5% | 6% | 5% | 1% | 1% | — |
| 1985 | 100% | 39% | 45% | 16% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 20% | 34% | 9% | 10% | 8% | 3% | 1% | — |
| 1981 | 100% | 36% | 61% | 3% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 42% | 11% | 21% | 14% | 6% | 1% | 1% |
Partisan mix of the circuit courts
As of January 15, 2025[update]:
| Appeals Court | Total number of seats | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats | Republican/ Democrat/ vacant | Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats | Percentage of total seats currently vacant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 6 | 0% | 100% | 0 / 5 / 1 | 0% | 83% | 17% |
| 2nd | 13 | 46% | 54% | 6 / 7 / 0 | 46% | 54% | 0% |
| 3rd | 14 | 50% | 50% | 6 / 6 / 2 | 43% | 43% | 14% |
| 4th | 15 | 40% | 60% | 6 / 9 / 0 | 40% | 60% | 0% |
| 5th | 17 | 71% | 29% | 12 / 5 / 0 | 71% | 29% | 0% |
| 6th | 16 | 56% | 44% | 9 / 7 / 0 | 56% | 44% | 0% |
| 7th | 11 | 55% | 45% | 6 / 5 / 0 | 55% | 45% | 0% |
| 8th | 11 | 91% | 9% | 10 / 1 / 0 | 91% | 9% | 0% |
| 9th | 29 | 45% | 55% | 13 / 16 / 0 | 45% | 55% | 0% |
| 10th | 12 | 42% | 58% | 5 / 7 / 0 | 42% | 58% | 0% |
| 11th | 12 | 58% | 42% | 7 / 5 / 0 | 58% | 42% | 0% |
| D.C. | 11 | 36% | 64% | 4 / 7 / 0 | 36% | 64% | 0% |
| Federal | 12 | 33% | 67% | 4 / 8 / 0 | 33% | 67% | 0% |
| Total of 13 circuits | 179 | 50% | 50% | 88 / 88 / 3 | 49% | 49% | 2% |
First Circuit
as of October 31, 2024[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 6 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 6 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1985 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1981 | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
Second Circuit
as of March 9, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 13 | 6 | 7 | — | — | 6 | 5 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 13 | 6 | 7 | — | — | 6 | 5 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 13 | 7 | 6 | — | — | — | 5 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 13 | 4 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 13 | 5 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 13 | 6 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 13 | 6 | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 5 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 13 | 2 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 4 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 13 | 10 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1981 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Third Circuit
as of January 15, 2025[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | 3 | 4 | 3 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | 3 | 4 | 3 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 14 | 8 | 6 | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 14 | 6 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 14 | 11 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 12 | 9 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
| 1985 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 1981 | 10 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 |
Fourth Circuit
as of March 19, 2024[ref]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 15 | 6 | 9 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 15 | 6 | 9 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 15 | 6 | 9 | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 15 | 5 | 10 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 15 | 5 | 10 | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 15 | 8 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 15 | 6 | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 15 | 9 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 15 | 9 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| 1985 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — |
| 1981 | 10 | 4 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 |
- Roger Gregory, who was given a one-year recess appointment in Bill Clinton's second term and was subsequently given a lifetime appointment in George W. Bush's first term, is counted as a Clinton appointee on this page.
Fifth Circuit
as of December 4, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 | DDE 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 17 | 12 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 6 | — | 2 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 17 | 12 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 6 | — | 2 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 17 | 12 | 5 | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 17 | 10 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | — | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 17 | 13 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 17 | 11 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 17 | 9 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 17 | 11 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 17 | 11 | 2 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1985 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 7 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1981 | 14 | 3 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 8 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
- The 5th Circuit judges who were transferred to the 11th Circuit in late 1981 are not included in the 5th Circuit numbers for 1981 for trend comparison purposes.
Sixth Circuit
as of September 16, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 16 | 9 | 7 | — | — | 4 | 6 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 16 | 9 | 7 | — | — | 4 | 6 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 16 | 11 | 5 | — | — | — | 6 | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 16 | 10 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 16 | 10 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 16 | 5 | 7 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 16 | 7 | 6 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 16 | 9 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 5 | 1 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1985 | 16 | 6 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1981 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 |
Seventh Circuit
as of July 8, 2024[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | 5 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | — | — | 4 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1993 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — |
| 1989 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — |
| 1981 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
Eighth Circuit
as of January 27, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 11 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 11 | 10 | 1 | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 5 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 11 | 8 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 11 | 9 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
| 1985 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | 3 |
| 1981 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Ninth Circuit
as of November 13, 2023[ref]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 29 | 13 | 16 | — | — | 8 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 29 | 13 | 16 | — | — | 8 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 29 | 13 | 16 | — | — | — | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 29 | 7 | 18 | 4 | — | — | — | 2 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 29 | 9 | 19 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 28 | 11 | 16 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 28 | 8 | 16 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 28 | 7 | 18 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11 | 3 | 4 | 3 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 28 | 11 | 9 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | 7 | — | 5 | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1993 | 28 | 15 | 12 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 7 | 3 | 11 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| 1989 | 28 | 12 | 13 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 12 | — | 2 | — | 1 |
| 1985 | 28 | 8 | 16 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 15 | 3 | 2 | — | 1 |
| 1981 | 23 | 7 | 16 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 15 | 3 | 4 | — | 1 |
Tenth Circuit
As of December 11, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 12 | 5 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 4 | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 4 | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 4 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 1 | 6 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 6 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 10 | 6 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | 3 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — |
| 1981 | 8 | 3 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Eleventh Circuit
As of November 18, 2024[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | 6 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 12 | 3 | 8 | 1 | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 2013 | 12 | 4 | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| 2009 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 2005 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 2001 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| 1997 | 12 | 8 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 4 | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| 1993 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | 3 | 2 | — | — |
| 1989 | 12 | 6 | 6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | 6 | 3 | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| 1981 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
- The 11th Circuit was created in 1981. The judges that were transferred from the 5th Circuit to the 11th Circuit are shown in 1981 for trend comparison purposes.
D.C. Circuit
as of May 15, 2023[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 11 | 5 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | 4 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 1993 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 5 | — | 4 | — | — | — | — |
| 1989 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 1 | 4 | — | — | 1 | — |
| 1985 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | 2 | 1 |
| 1981 | 11 | 3 | 8 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 4 | — | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Federal Circuit
as of March 16, 2022[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN 1 | LBJ 2 | JFK /LBJ | DDE 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | 2 | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | 2 | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 12 | 4 | 8 | — | — | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2013 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2009 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2005 | 12 | 8 | 4 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 2001 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1997 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1993 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| 1989 | 12 | 7 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| 1985 | 12 | 7 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1981 | 11 | 6 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
- The Federal Circuit was created in 1982. The judges from the courts that were combined into the Federal Circuit are shown in 1981 for trend comparison purposes.
District courts
Summary of 91 district courts
as of April 15, 2025[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 | JEC | RMN /GRF | RMN | LBJ 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 679 | 253 | 384 | 42 | — | 183 | 170 | 108 | 76 | 40 | 33 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 679 | 256 | 385 | 38 | — | 183 | 170 | 109 | 76 | 42 | 34 | 10 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 678 | 318 | 317 | 43 | — | — | 173 | 124 | 136 | 64 | 64 | 34 | 22 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 2017 | 678 | 242 | 347 | 89 | — | — | — | 126 | 138 | 87 | 120 | 47 | 33 | 18 | 11 | 5 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 |
| 2013 | 679 | 324 | 290 | 65 | — | — | — | — | 141 | 89 | 154 | 80 | 63 | 47 | 24 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2009 | 680 | 373 | 267 | 40 | — | — | — | — | — | 93 | 162 | 129 | 126 | 69 | 35 | 12 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2005 | 680 | 350 | 309 | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 169 | 134 | 152 | 98 | 56 | 22 | 22 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| 2001 | 669 | 271 | 340 | 58 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 136 | 167 | 133 | 91 | 39 | 36 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
- Congress has authorized 680 district judgeships including 676 Article III judgeships for the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico plus 4 Article IV judgeships for Guam, Northern Marianas, and the Virgin Islands. The 676 Article III judgeships include 666 permanent and 10 temporary judgeships.
- However, the number of total authorized Article III District Judge positions is currently higher than 676 (681 in 2023) because four judges are authorized to serve a collective five additional judicial districts: one two-District (Trump-nominated) Judge in the Sixth, two two-District (one vacant & one Obama-nominated) Judges in the Eighth and one three-district (Trump-nominated) Judge in the Tenth Circuit – see individual districts below for more details.
Partisan mix of the district courts
as of April 15, 2025[update]:
| District courts under the appeals court | Total number of seats | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats | Republican/ Democrat/ vacant | Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans | Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats | Percentage of total seats currently vacant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 29 | 28% | 72% | 8 / 21/ 0 | 28% | 72% | 0% |
| 2nd | 62 | 20% | 80% | 12 / 48/ 2 | 19% | 78% | 3% |
| 3rd | 59 | 36% | 64% | 21 / 38 / 0 | 36% | 64% | 0% |
| 4th | 56 | 43% | 57% | 22 / 29/ 5 | 39% | 52% | 9% |
| 5th | 83 | 60% | 40% | 42 / 28 / 13 | 50% | 34% | 16% |
| 6th | 63 | 55% | 45% | 33 / 27 / 3 | 52% | 43% | 5% |
| 7th | 48 | 36% | 64% | 17 / 30 / 1 | 36% | 63% | 2% |
| 8th | 44 | 37% | 63% | 14 / 24 / 6 | 32% | 54% | 14% |
| 9th | 110 | 18% | 82% | 20 / 87/ 3 | 18% | 79% | 3% |
| 10th | 41 | 54% | 46% | 21/ 18 / 2 | 51% | 44% | 5% |
| 11th | 69 | 63% | 37% | 39 / 23 / 7 | 57% | 33% | 10% |
| D.C. | 15 | 27% | 73% | 4 / 11 / 0 | 27% | 73% | 0% |
| Total of 91 District Courts | 679 | 40% | 60% | 253/ 384/ 42 | 37% | 57% | 6% |
District courts in the First Circuit
As of January 1, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Maine | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Massachusetts | 13 | 2 | 11 | — | — | 5 | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 |
| D. of New Hampshire | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Puerto Rico | 7 | 3 | 4 | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Rhode Island | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 29 | 8 | 21 | — | — | 11 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 |
District courts in the Second Circuit
as of January 12, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Connecticut | 8 | 1 | 6 | 1 | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of New York | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 7 | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of New York | 5 | — | 5 | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of New York | 28 | 6 | 20 | 2 | — | 7 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| W.D. of New York | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Vermont | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 62 | 12 | 47 | 3 | — | 23 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
District courts in the Third Circuit
as of January 17, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Delaware | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of New Jersey | 17 | 2 | 15 | — | — | 10 | — | 2 | 3 | 2 | — |
| E.D. of Pennsylvania | 22 | 8 | 14 | — | — | 7 | 5 | 7 | — | 1 | 2 |
| M.D. of Pennsylvania | 6 | 1 | 5 | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — |
| W.D. of Pennsylvania | 10 | 8 | 2 | — | — | — | 8 | — | 2 | — | — |
| Total | 59 | 21 | 38 | — | — | 23 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 2 |
District courts in the Fourth Circuit
As of December 31, 2024[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Maryland | 10 | 1 | 9 | — | — | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of North Carolina | 4 | 4 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| M.D. of North Carolina | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of North Carolina | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of South Carolina | 10 | 4 | 5 | 1 | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| E.D. of Virginia | 11 | 4 | 7 | — | — | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Virginia | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of West Virginia | 3 | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of West Virginia | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total | 56 | 22 | 29 | 5 | — | 13 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 |
District courts in the Fifth Circuit
As of April 15, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 | RWR 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Louisiana | 12 | 4 | 5 | 3 | — | 2 | 3 | — | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| M.D. of Louisiana | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Louisiana | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Mississippi | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Mississippi | 6 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| E.D. of Texas | 8 | 5 | 3 | — | — | — | 4 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Texas | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 6 | — | — | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Texas | 19 | 7 | 8 | 4 | — | 1 | 5 | 3 | 3 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 |
| W.D. of Texas | 13 | 6 | 5 | 2 | — | 2 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 3 | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| Total | 83 | 42 | 28 | 13 | — | 6 | 27 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 2 | — | 1 | 1 |
District courts in the Sixth Circuit
As of February 1, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Kentucky | 6 | 5 | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | 2 | — | — |
| W.D. of Kentucky | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Michigan | 15 | 3 | 12 | — | — | 6 | — | 4 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Michigan | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Ohio | 11 | 5 | 5 | 1 | — | 3 | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| S.D. of Ohio | 8 | 5 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| E.D. of Tennessee | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| M.D. of Tennessee | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — |
| W.D. of Tennessee | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| Total | 63 | 33 | 27 | 3 | — | 11 | 20 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
Note: Judge Claria Horn Boom (Trump appointee) currently serves both the Eastern & Western Districts of Kentucky
District courts in the Seventh Circuit
As of November 13, 2024[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C.D. of Illinois | 4 | — | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Illinois | 23 | 8 | 15 | — | — | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Illinois | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Indiana | 5 | 3 | 2 | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | – | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Indiana | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 | — | 1 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Wisconsin | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| W.D. of Wisconsin | 2 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 48 | 17 | 30 | 1 | — | 13 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
District courts in the Eighth Circuit
As of September 12, 2024[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E.D. of Arkansas | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — |
| W.D. of Arkansas | 3 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| N.D. of Iowa | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Iowa | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — |
| D. Minnesota | 7 | 3 | 4 | — | — | 4 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — |
| E.D. of Missouri | 9 | 4 | 1 | 4 | — | — | 3 | — | 1 | — | 1 |
| W.D. of Missouri | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | — | — | — | 3 | 2 | 1 | — |
| D. of Nebraska | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — |
| D. of North Dakota | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of South Dakota | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Total | 44 | 14 | 24 | 6 | — | 8 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
Note: Currently there is a vacant seat that serves both the Eastern & Western Districts of Missouri. Judge Brian Wimes (Obama appointee) also currently serves in both the Eastern & Western Districts of Missouri.
District courts in the Ninth Circuit
As of December 20, 2024[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Alaska | 3 | — | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Arizona | 13 | 5 | 8 | — | — | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| C.D. of California | 28 | 9 | 19 | — | — | 12 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
| E.D. of California | 6 | — | 6 | — | — | 4 | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of California | 14 | — | 14 | — | — | 7 | — | 5 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of California | 13 | 3 | 9 | 1 | — | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Hawaii | 4 | 1 | 3 | — | — | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Idaho | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Montana | 3 | — | 3 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Nevada | 7 | — | 7 | — | — | 2 | — | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Oregon | 6 | 1 | 5 | — | — | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Washington | 4 | — | 4 | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Washington | 7 | — | 7 | — | — | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 110 | 20 | 87 | 3 | — | 50 | 13 | 21 | 15 | 2 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 1 |
District courts in the Tenth Circuit
As of March 1, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB | RWR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Colorado | 7 | 2 | 5 | — | — | 5 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Kansas | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of New Mexico | 7 | 2 | 5 | — | — | 4 | 1 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| E.D. of Oklahoma | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Oklahoma | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| W.D. of Oklahoma | 7 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Utah | 5 | 2 | 3 | — | — | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| D. of Wyoming | 3 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | 1 |
| Total | 41 | 21 | 18 | 2 | — | 13 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 |
Note: Judge John Heil III (Trump appointee) currently serves on the Eastern, Northern, & Western Districts of Oklahoma
District courts in the Eleventh Circuit
As of January 2, 2025[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 | WJC 2 | WJC 1 | GHWB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M.D. of Alabama | 3 | 2 | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Alabama | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | — | — | 4 | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Alabama | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 2 | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| M.D. of Florida | 15 | 8 | 4 | 3 | — | 1 | 5 | 3 | — | 2 | — | — | — | 1 |
| N.D. of Florida | 4 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | 2 | — | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Florida | 18 | 8 | 9 | 1 | — | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | — | 2 | 2 | — | 1 |
| M.D. of Georgia | 4 | 2 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| N.D. of Georgia | 11 | 5 | 6 | — | — | 3 | 4 | 3 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — |
| S.D. of Georgia | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | — |
| Total | 69 | 39 | 23 | 7 | — | 7 | 26 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 2 | — | 2 |
District court in the D.C. Circuit
As of December 3, 2024[update]:
| District | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D. of Columbia | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Total | 15 | 4 | 11 | — | — | 5 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
United States Court of International Trade
The United States Court of International Trade is an Article III court, with full powers in law and equity, established by the Customs Court Act of 1980 to replace the United States Customs Court.
As of February 5, 2024[update]:
| Year | Total | Appointed by Republicans | Appointed by Democrats | Vacant | DJT 2 | JRB | DJT 1 | BHO 2 | BHO 1 | GWB 2 | GWB 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | 2 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — |
| 2025 | 9 | 3 | 6 | — | — | 2 | 3 | 4 | — | — | — |
| 2021 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 1 | — | — | 3 | 4 | — | — | 1 |
See also
- United States federal judge
- List of current United States circuit judges
- List of current United States district judges
- List of presidents of the United States by judicial appointments
References
- "It took conservatives 50 years to get a reliable majority on the Supreme Court. Here are 3 reasons why". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- "Kavanaugh Confirmation Solidifies Supreme Court Tilt to the Right". www.rollcall.com. October 6, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 2nd Session". www.senate.gov. Retrieved April 15, 2022.
- "Circuit Status". news.bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
- "How Trump is shifting the most important courts in the country". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- "With another Supreme Court pick, Trump is leaving his mark on higher federal courts". www.pewresearch.org. July 16, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- "Justices tend to agree with presidents that pick them — but stray later". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
- Stolzenberg, Ross M.; Lindgren, James (2022). "Judges as Party Animals: Retirement Timing by Federal Judges and Party Control of Judicial Appointments". American Sociological Review. 87 (4): 675–697. doi:10.1177/00031224221102072. ISSN 0003-1224. S2CID 233649566.
- Chen, Daniel L.; Reinhart, Eric (February 19, 2022). "The Disavowal of Decisionism: Politically Motivated Exits from the U.S. Courts of Appeals". SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2816253. S2CID 157951217. SSRN 2816253.
- Nixon, David C.; Haskin, J. David (2000). "Judicial Retirement Strategies: The Judge's Role in Influencing Party Control of the Appellate Courts". American Politics Quarterly. 28 (4): 458–489. doi:10.1177/1532673X00028004002. ISSN 0044-7803. S2CID 35805961.
- Spriggs, James F; Wahlbeck, Paul J. (1995). "Calling It Quits: Strategic Retirement on the Federal Courts of Appeals, 1893-1991". Political Research Quarterly. 48 (3): 573–597. doi:10.1177/106591299504800306. ISSN 1065-9129. S2CID 153375332.
- Federal Judiciary Act (1789), National Archives and Records Administration, retrieved September 12, 2017
- "Judges on Horseback" (PDF). U.S. Courts Library - 8th Circuit. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 3, 2020. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- "Judgeship Appointments By President". United States Courts. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
- "Text of H.R. 660 (110th): Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version) - GovTrack.us". GovTrack.us.
- "U.S. Senate: U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress - 2nd Session". www.senate.gov. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
- Federal Judgeships, United States Courts.
External links
- "Current Judicial Vacancies". US courts.com. December 6, 2023.
- Ideological Voting on Federal Courts of Appeals
- Summary of Judicial Vacancies
- Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges, 1789-Present
Author: www.NiNa.Az
Publication date:
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The appointment of federal judges for United States federal courts is done via nomination by the President of the United States and confirmation by the United States Senate The tables below provide the composition of all Article III courts which include the Supreme Court and the Courts of Appeals at the end of each four year presidential term as well as the current compositions of the District Courts and the Court of International Trade categorizing the judges by the presidential term during which they were first appointed to their seats As of June 30 2022 of the 9 justices of the Supreme Court 6 were appointed by a Republican president and 3 were appointed by a Democratic president As of January 2 2025 of the 179 Courts of Appeals judges 89 were appointed by Republican presidents and 88 by Democratic presidents Out of the 13 federal appeals courts Democratic appointees have a majority on 7 courts whereas Republican appointees have a majority on 6 courts As of January 2 2025 of the 679 district court judges 384 were appointed by Democratic presidents compared to 257 by Republican ones Within the individual circuit jurisdictions Democratic presidents have appointed majorities in 8 circuits while Republican presidents have appointed a majority in 4 circuits The party of the president who appointed a judge is generally a consistent indicator of that judge s judicial philosophy and place on the political spectrum especially in modern times although there are cases where judges stray from their appointers Federal judges often strategically time their retirement so as to give the president of the same party that first appointed them an opportunity to nominate the successor Abbreviation keyAcronym President Term Date range DJT 2 Donald Trump current January 20 2025 present JRB Joe Biden only January 20 2021 January 20 2025 DJT 1 Donald Trump first January 20 2017 January 20 2021 BHO 2 Barack Obama second January 20 2013 January 20 2017 BHO 1 Barack Obama first January 20 2009 January 20 2013 GWB 2 George W Bush second January 20 2005 January 20 2009 GWB 1 George W Bush first January 20 2001 January 20 2005 WJC 2 Bill Clinton second January 20 1997 January 20 2001 WJC 1 Bill Clinton first January 20 1993 January 20 1997 GHWB George H W Bush only January 20 1989 January 20 1993 RWR 2 Ronald Reagan second January 20 1985 January 20 1989 RWR 1 Ronald Reagan first January 20 1981 January 20 1985 JEC Jimmy Carter only January 20 1977 January 20 1981 RMN GRF Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford split January 20 1973 January 20 1977 RMN 1 Richard Nixon first January 20 1969 January 20 1973 LBJ 2 Lyndon B Johnson second January 20 1965 January 20 1969 JFK LBJ John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson split January 20 1961 January 20 1965 DDE 2 Dwight Eisenhower second January 20 1957 January 20 1961 DDE 1 Dwight Eisenhower first January 20 1953 January 20 1957 HST 2 Harry Truman second January 20 1949 January 20 1953 FDR HST Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman split January 20 1945 January 20 1949 FDR 3 Franklin Roosevelt third January 20 1941 January 20 1945 FDR 2 Franklin Roosevelt second January 20 1937 January 20 1941 FDR 1 Franklin Roosevelt first March 4 1933 January 20 1937 HCH Herbert Hoover only March 4 1929 March 4 1933 JCC 2 Calvin Coolidge second March 4 1925 March 4 1929 WGH JCC Warren G Harding and Calvin Coolidge split March 4 1921 March 4 1925 TWW 2 Woodrow Wilson second March 4 1917 March 4 1921 TWW 1 Woodrow Wilson first March 4 1913 March 4 1917 WHT William Howard Taft only March 4 1909 March 4 1913 TR 2 Theodore Roosevelt second March 4 1905 March 4 1909 WMK TR William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt split March 4 1901 March 4 1905 WMK 1 William McKinley first March 4 1897 March 4 1901 SGC 2 Grover Cleveland second March 4 1893 March 4 1897 BH Benjamin Harrison only March 4 1889 March 4 1893 SGC 1 Grover Cleveland first March 4 1885 March 4 1889 JAG CAA James A Garfield and Chester A Arthur split March 4 1881 March 4 1885 RBH Rutherford B Hayes only March 4 1877 March 4 1881 USG 2 Ulysses S Grant second March 4 1873 March 4 1877 USG 1 Ulysses S Grant first March 4 1869 March 4 1873 AL AJ Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson split March 4 1865 March 4 1869 AL 1 Abraham Lincoln first March 4 1861 March 4 1865Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court of the United States was established by the Constitution of the United States Originally the Judiciary Act of 1789 set the number of justices at six However as the nation s boundaries grew across the continent and as Supreme Court justices in those days had to ride the circuit an arduous process requiring long travel on horseback or carriage over harsh terrain that resulted in months long extended stays away from home Congress added justices to correspond with the growth seven in 1807 nine in 1837 and ten in 1863 The Judicial Circuits Act of 1866 then set the number to gradually be reduced to seven through the retirement or death of current associate justices The court was down to eight when the Judiciary Act of 1869 restored the number to nine As of April 7 2022 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 DDE 1 Current 9 6 3 1 3 2 2 1 2025 9 6 3 1 3 2 2 1 2021 9 6 3 3 2 2 1 1 2017 9 4 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 2013 9 5 4 2 2 2 1 2 2009 9 7 2 2 2 2 2 1 2005 9 7 2 2 2 3 1 1 2001 9 7 2 2 2 3 1 1 1997 9 7 2 2 2 3 1 1 1993 9 8 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1989 9 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1985 9 7 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1981 9 7 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 DDE 1 HST 2 FDR HST FDR 3 FDR 2 FDR 1 HCH JCC 2 WGH JCC TWW 2 TWW 1 WHT 1977 9 7 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 1973 9 6 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1969 9 4 5 2 1 1 3 2 1965 9 4 5 2 1 3 1 2 1961 9 5 4 2 3 1 3 1957 9 3 6 3 1 1 4 1953 9 0 9 2 2 1 4 1949 9 0 9 2 2 5 1945 9 2 7 3 5 1 1941 9 3 6 5 2 1 1 1937 9 7 2 3 1 2 2 1 1933 9 7 2 3 1 2 2 1 Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant JCC 2 WGH JCC TWW 2 TWW 1 WHT TR 2 WMK TR WMK 1 SGC 2 BH SGC 1 JAG CAA RBH USG 2 USG 1 AL AJ AL 1 1929 9 7 2 1 4 2 1 1 1925 9 7 2 4 2 1 1 1 1921 9 6 3 3 3 2 1 1917 9 6 3 3 3 2 1 1913 9 9 0 6 2 1 1909 9 6 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1905 9 6 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1901 9 6 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1897 9 6 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1893 9 7 2 4 2 2 1 1 1889 9 7 2 2 3 1 1 2 1885 9 9 0 3 2 1 1 2Courts of appealsThe United States courts of appeals were established by the Judiciary Act of 1891 as United States circuit courts of appeals the name was changed to its current form in 1948 The act authorized 19 appellate judgeships in 9 circuits Since then the number of authorized appellate judgeships has increased to 179 Summary of 13 circuits combined As of January 15 2025 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 DDE 1 Current 179 88 88 3 44 53 22 13 15 11 7 2 4 3 2 2025 179 88 88 3 44 53 22 13 15 11 7 2 4 3 2 2021 179 96 81 2 53 24 26 17 15 17 14 5 4 2 2017 179 72 90 17 25 28 23 26 22 14 9 7 6 1 1 2013 179 84 78 17 30 24 30 26 17 12 10 7 5 1 2009 178 100 66 12 24 32 34 25 21 15 7 7 1 2005 179 94 69 16 35 35 25 29 20 8 9 1 1 2001 179 76 78 25 35 29 35 28 11 14 1 1 1997 179 105 53 21 29 40 45 14 22 3 2 1 1 1 1993 179 119 42 18 40 50 20 40 5 3 1 1 1 1989 168 96 62 10 50 26 53 9 10 8 1 1 1985 168 66 76 26 33 57 15 17 14 5 1 1981 140 50 86 4 59 16 30 19 8 2 1 There were temporarily 178 appellate federal judgeships due to the elimination of a 12th seat on the D C Circuit by Section 509 of the Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 That Act also provided for the creation of a 29th seat on the Ninth Circuit in January 2009 which increased the number of authorized appellate judgeships back to 179 As of January 15 2025 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 DDE 1 Current 100 49 49 2 24 30 12 7 8 6 4 1 2 2 1 2025 100 49 49 2 24 30 12 7 8 6 4 1 2 2 1 2021 100 54 45 1 30 13 15 9 8 9 8 3 2 1 2017 100 40 50 9 14 16 13 15 12 8 5 4 3 1 1 2013 100 47 44 9 17 13 17 15 9 7 6 4 3 1 2009 100 56 37 7 13 18 19 14 12 8 4 4 1 2005 100 53 39 9 20 20 14 16 11 4 5 1 1 2001 100 42 44 14 20 16 20 16 6 8 1 1 1997 100 59 30 12 16 22 25 8 12 2 1 1 1 1 1993 100 67 23 10 22 28 11 22 3 2 1 1 1 1989 100 57 37 6 30 16 32 5 6 5 1 1 1985 100 39 45 16 20 34 9 10 8 3 1 1981 100 36 61 3 42 11 21 14 6 1 1 Partisan mix of the circuit courts As of January 15 2025 update Appeals Court Total number of seats Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats Republican Democrat vacant Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats Percentage of total seats currently vacant 1st 6 0 100 0 5 1 0 83 17 2nd 13 46 54 6 7 0 46 54 0 3rd 14 50 50 6 6 2 43 43 14 4th 15 40 60 6 9 0 40 60 0 5th 17 71 29 12 5 0 71 29 0 6th 16 56 44 9 7 0 56 44 0 7th 11 55 45 6 5 0 55 45 0 8th 11 91 9 10 1 0 91 9 0 9th 29 45 55 13 16 0 45 55 0 10th 12 42 58 5 7 0 42 58 0 11th 12 58 42 7 5 0 58 42 0 D C 11 36 64 4 7 0 36 64 0 Federal 12 33 67 4 8 0 33 67 0 Total of 13 circuits 179 50 50 88 88 3 49 49 2 First Circuit as of October 31 2024 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 Current 6 0 5 1 4 1 2025 6 0 5 1 4 1 2021 6 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 2017 6 2 4 2 1 1 1 1 2013 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2009 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2005 6 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2001 6 4 2 1 1 2 1 1 1997 6 5 1 1 3 1 1 1993 6 5 1 3 1 1 1 1989 6 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1985 6 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1981 4 1 3 2 1 1 Second Circuit as of March 9 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ Current 13 6 7 6 5 1 1 2025 13 6 7 6 5 1 1 2021 13 7 6 5 3 1 1 2 1 2017 13 4 7 2 4 1 2 2 1 1 2013 13 5 8 5 1 3 2 1 1 2009 13 6 6 1 1 4 4 2 1 2005 13 6 7 4 5 2 2 2001 13 2 10 1 5 4 2 1 1997 13 5 6 2 4 3 1 1 2 1993 13 10 2 1 3 3 3 2 1 1989 13 9 3 1 3 4 2 1 1 1 1985 13 7 4 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 1981 11 6 4 1 2 2 4 1 1 Third Circuit as of January 15 2025 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 Current 14 6 6 2 3 4 3 2 2025 14 6 6 2 3 4 3 2 2021 14 8 6 4 3 1 3 1 1 1 2017 14 5 7 2 3 2 3 2 1 1 2013 14 6 7 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 2009 14 6 6 2 3 2 4 1 1 1 2005 14 7 6 1 4 4 1 2 1 1 2001 14 6 6 2 4 1 2 3 1 1 1997 14 11 2 1 1 3 7 1 1 1993 14 11 1 2 3 7 1 1 1989 12 9 3 7 1 2 1 1 1985 12 6 4 2 1 2 1 4 2 1981 10 6 4 2 1 5 2 Fourth Circuit as of March 19 2024 ref Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 Current 15 6 9 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 2025 15 6 9 3 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 2021 15 6 9 3 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 2017 15 5 10 1 5 1 2 3 1 1 1 2013 15 5 10 6 1 2 3 1 1 1 2009 15 6 5 4 1 2 3 2 2 1 2005 15 8 5 2 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 2001 15 6 5 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 1997 15 9 4 2 2 4 1 1 2 1 2 1993 15 9 3 3 4 1 1 3 1 2 1989 11 6 5 1 2 4 1 2 1 1985 11 6 5 3 4 1 2 1 1981 10 4 6 4 1 2 2 1 Roger Gregory who was given a one year recess appointment in Bill Clinton s second term and was subsequently given a lifetime appointment in George W Bush s first term is counted as a Clinton appointee on this page Fifth Circuit as of December 4 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 DDE 1 Current 17 12 5 2 6 2 4 1 2 2025 17 12 5 2 6 2 4 1 2 2021 17 12 5 6 1 2 4 2 2 2017 17 9 5 3 1 2 4 2 2 2 1 2013 17 10 5 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 2009 17 13 4 4 2 3 3 2 2 1 2005 17 11 4 2 2 3 4 2 3 1 2001 17 9 5 3 4 4 2 3 1 1997 17 11 6 4 4 3 4 2 1993 17 11 2 4 4 3 4 2 1989 16 9 6 1 3 4 6 1 1 1985 16 7 7 2 5 7 1 1 1981 14 3 10 1 8 1 1 2 1 The 5th Circuit judges who were transferred to the 11th Circuit in late 1981 are not included in the 5th Circuit numbers for 1981 for trend comparison purposes Sixth Circuit as of September 16 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 Current 16 9 7 4 6 1 2 1 1 1 2025 16 9 7 4 6 1 2 1 1 1 2021 16 11 5 6 2 3 2 1 2 2017 16 10 5 1 2 4 4 1 2 1 1 2013 16 10 6 2 4 4 1 2 1 1 1 2009 16 10 6 4 4 2 3 1 1 1 2005 16 6 6 4 4 2 3 1 1 1 2001 16 5 7 4 2 3 3 2 2 1997 16 7 6 3 3 3 4 3 1993 16 9 5 2 3 5 1 5 1989 16 10 5 1 5 3 5 1 1 1985 16 6 6 4 4 5 1 1 1 1981 11 3 7 1 6 1 1 1 1 Seventh Circuit as of July 8 2024 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ Current 11 6 5 5 4 1 1 2025 11 6 5 5 4 1 1 2021 11 8 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 2017 11 6 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2013 11 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2009 11 7 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2005 11 8 3 1 1 2 1 4 2 2001 11 8 3 1 2 1 4 3 1997 11 8 3 2 1 4 3 1 1993 11 9 2 1 4 3 1 1 1 1989 11 9 2 4 3 1 2 1 1985 11 6 2 3 4 1 2 1 1981 9 4 4 1 1 2 2 2 1 Eighth Circuit as of January 27 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 Current 11 10 1 4 1 1 4 1 2025 11 10 1 4 1 1 4 1 2021 11 10 1 4 1 1 4 1 2017 11 8 1 2 1 1 5 1 1 2013 11 9 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 2009 11 9 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 2005 11 9 2 6 1 1 2 1 2001 11 6 4 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1997 11 8 3 1 3 3 2 2 1993 11 9 2 3 3 3 2 1989 10 6 3 1 3 3 2 1 1985 10 4 5 1 3 2 1 3 1981 9 3 5 1 2 1 2 3 Ninth Circuit as of November 13 2023 ref Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ Current 29 13 16 8 10 2 3 2 1 3 2025 29 13 16 8 10 2 3 2 1 3 2021 29 13 16 10 2 5 2 1 8 1 2017 29 7 18 4 2 5 3 3 9 1 1 1 2013 29 9 19 1 5 3 4 11 1 2 2 2009 28 11 16 1 3 4 11 2 2 2 3 2005 28 8 16 4 4 11 2 2 2 3 2001 28 7 18 3 11 3 4 3 4 1997 28 11 9 8 3 4 7 5 1 1993 28 15 12 1 4 7 3 11 1 1 1989 28 12 13 3 7 3 12 2 1 1985 28 8 16 4 3 15 3 2 1 1981 23 7 16 15 3 4 1 Tenth Circuit As of December 11 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ Current 12 5 7 2 2 4 1 1 2 2025 12 5 7 2 2 4 1 1 2 2021 12 5 7 2 4 1 1 2 2 2017 12 5 7 4 1 2 2 2 1 2013 12 6 3 3 1 2 3 2 1 2009 12 8 4 2 4 4 1 1 2005 12 7 5 4 4 1 2 1 2001 12 5 5 2 4 1 4 1 1997 12 7 5 4 1 6 1 1993 12 7 3 2 1 6 3 1989 10 6 4 6 3 1 1985 10 1 4 5 3 1 1 1981 8 3 5 3 3 1 1 Eleventh Circuit As of November 18 2024 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 Current 12 7 5 2 6 2 1 1 2025 12 7 5 2 6 2 1 1 2021 12 7 5 6 2 2 1 1 2017 12 3 8 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 2013 12 4 6 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 2009 12 7 5 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 2005 12 7 5 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 2001 12 6 5 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 1997 12 8 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 1993 12 8 3 1 4 2 3 2 1989 12 6 6 2 6 3 1 1985 12 4 8 7 3 1 1 1981 12 4 8 7 3 1 1 The 11th Circuit was created in 1981 The judges that were transferred from the 5th Circuit to the 11th Circuit are shown in 1981 for trend comparison purposes D C Circuit as of May 15 2023 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ Current 11 4 7 3 3 4 1 2025 11 4 7 3 3 4 1 2021 11 4 7 3 4 1 2 1 2017 11 4 7 4 3 1 2 1 2013 11 5 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 2009 11 6 3 2 3 1 2 1 2 2005 12 5 4 3 1 1 2 2 2 1 2001 12 5 4 3 1 2 2 3 1 1997 12 6 4 2 2 2 4 2 1993 12 7 4 1 2 5 4 1989 12 6 5 1 5 1 4 1 1985 12 3 7 2 3 4 2 1 1981 11 3 8 4 3 2 2 Federal Circuit as of March 16 2022 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN 1 LBJ 2 JFK LBJ DDE 2 Current 12 4 8 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2025 12 4 8 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2021 12 4 8 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 2017 12 4 8 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 2013 12 5 4 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 2009 12 8 4 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2005 12 8 4 1 3 1 4 2 1 2001 12 7 4 1 3 1 4 2 1 1997 12 10 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 1993 12 10 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 1989 12 7 3 2 3 2 3 1 1 1985 12 7 5 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 1981 11 6 5 3 1 4 1 1 1 The Federal Circuit was created in 1982 The judges from the courts that were combined into the Federal Circuit are shown in 1981 for trend comparison purposes District courtsSummary of 91 district courts as of April 15 2025 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 JEC RMN GRF RMN LBJ 2 Current 679 253 384 42 183 170 108 76 40 33 10 7 4 4 2 2025 679 256 385 38 183 170 109 76 42 34 10 7 4 4 2 2021 678 318 317 43 173 124 136 64 64 34 22 7 6 4 1 2017 678 242 347 89 126 138 87 120 47 33 18 11 5 2 1 1 2013 679 324 290 65 141 89 154 80 63 47 24 8 5 1 1 1 2009 680 373 267 40 93 162 129 126 69 35 12 11 1 1 1 2005 680 350 309 21 169 134 152 98 56 22 22 3 2 1 2001 669 271 340 58 136 167 133 91 39 36 5 3 1 Congress has authorized 680 district judgeships including 676 Article III judgeships for the 50 States the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico plus 4 Article IV judgeships for Guam Northern Marianas and the Virgin Islands The 676 Article III judgeships include 666 permanent and 10 temporary judgeships However the number of total authorized Article III District Judge positions is currently higher than 676 681 in 2023 because four judges are authorized to serve a collective five additional judicial districts one two District Trump nominated Judge in the Sixth two two District one vacant amp one Obama nominated Judges in the Eighth and one three district Trump nominated Judge in the Tenth Circuit see individual districts below for more details Partisan mix of the district courts as of April 15 2025 update District courts under the appeals court Total number of seats Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Republicans Percentage of occupied seats appointed by Democrats Republican Democrat vacant Percentage of total seats appointed by Republicans Percentage of total seats appointed by Democrats Percentage of total seats currently vacant 1st 29 28 72 8 21 0 28 72 0 2nd 62 20 80 12 48 2 19 78 3 3rd 59 36 64 21 38 0 36 64 0 4th 56 43 57 22 29 5 39 52 9 5th 83 60 40 42 28 13 50 34 16 6th 63 55 45 33 27 3 52 43 5 7th 48 36 64 17 30 1 36 63 2 8th 44 37 63 14 24 6 32 54 14 9th 110 18 82 20 87 3 18 79 3 10th 41 54 46 21 18 2 51 44 5 11th 69 63 37 39 23 7 57 33 10 D C 15 27 73 4 11 0 27 73 0 Total of 91 District Courts 679 40 60 253 384 42 37 57 6 District courts in the First Circuit As of January 1 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB D of Maine 3 1 2 1 1 1 D of Massachusetts 13 2 11 5 4 1 1 1 1 D of New Hampshire 3 1 2 1 1 1 D of Puerto Rico 7 3 4 3 2 1 1 D of Rhode Island 3 1 2 1 1 1 Total 29 8 21 11 4 6 3 2 1 1 1 District courts in the Second Circuit as of January 12 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 D of Connecticut 8 1 6 1 4 1 1 1 E D of New York 15 4 11 7 4 3 1 N D of New York 5 5 3 1 1 S D of New York 28 6 20 2 7 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 W D of New York 4 1 3 1 1 2 D of Vermont 2 2 1 1 Total 62 12 47 3 23 10 12 10 1 1 1 1 District courts in the Third Circuit as of January 17 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 D of Delaware 4 2 2 2 2 D of New Jersey 17 2 15 10 2 3 2 E D of Pennsylvania 22 8 14 7 5 7 1 2 M D of Pennsylvania 6 1 5 4 1 1 W D of Pennsylvania 10 8 2 8 2 Total 59 21 38 23 16 9 6 3 2 District courts in the Fourth Circuit As of December 31 2024 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 D of Maryland 10 1 9 6 1 2 1 E D of North Carolina 4 4 1 1 1 1 M D of North Carolina 4 2 2 2 W D of North Carolina 5 2 1 2 1 1 1 D of South Carolina 10 4 5 1 1 3 1 3 1 E D of Virginia 11 4 7 4 3 1 1 1 1 W D of Virginia 4 1 3 2 1 1 N D of West Virginia 3 2 1 1 1 1 S D of West Virginia 5 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 Total 56 22 29 5 13 12 5 8 7 1 1 2 1 1 District courts in the Fifth Circuit As of April 15 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 RWR 1 E D of Louisiana 12 4 5 3 2 3 3 1 M D of Louisiana 3 3 2 1 W D of Louisiana 7 5 1 1 1 4 1 N D of Mississippi 3 1 2 1 S D of Mississippi 6 5 1 2 1 2 1 E D of Texas 8 5 3 4 2 1 1 N D of Texas 12 10 1 1 6 1 3 1 S D of Texas 19 7 8 4 1 5 3 3 1 1 1 W D of Texas 13 6 5 2 2 3 1 3 2 Total 83 42 28 13 6 27 9 9 3 10 2 2 1 1 District courts in the Sixth Circuit As of February 1 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 E D of Kentucky 6 5 1 2 1 2 W D of Kentucky 5 3 2 3 2 E D of Michigan 15 3 12 6 4 2 3 W D of Michigan 4 3 1 1 1 2 N D of Ohio 11 5 5 1 3 3 2 1 1 S D of Ohio 8 5 3 1 4 1 1 1 E D of Tennessee 5 4 1 3 1 1 M D of Tennessee 4 2 2 2 1 1 W D of Tennessee 5 3 1 1 2 1 1 Total 63 33 27 3 11 20 9 4 8 5 2 1 Note Judge Claria Horn Boom Trump appointee currently serves both the Eastern amp Western Districts of Kentucky District courts in the Seventh Circuit As of November 13 2024 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 C D of Illinois 4 4 2 1 1 N D of Illinois 23 8 15 7 6 5 3 2 S D of Illinois 4 2 2 2 2 N D of Indiana 5 3 2 2 2 1 S D of Indiana 5 2 2 1 1 2 1 E D of Wisconsin 5 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 W D of Wisconsin 2 2 1 1 Total 48 17 30 1 13 13 10 6 2 1 1 1 District courts in the Eighth Circuit As of September 12 2024 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 E D of Arkansas 5 2 3 1 1 2 1 W D of Arkansas 3 2 1 1 1 N D of Iowa 2 1 1 1 1 S D of Iowa 3 3 1 1 1 D Minnesota 7 3 4 4 2 1 E D of Missouri 9 4 1 4 3 1 1 W D of Missouri 7 1 5 1 3 2 1 D of Nebraska 3 1 2 1 1 1 D of North Dakota 2 2 2 D of South Dakota 3 3 2 1 Total 44 14 24 6 8 10 8 8 3 1 Note Currently there is a vacant seat that serves both the Eastern amp Western Districts of Missouri Judge Brian Wimes Obama appointee also currently serves in both the Eastern amp Western Districts of Missouri District courts in the Ninth Circuit As of December 20 2024 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 D of Alaska 3 1 2 1 D of Arizona 13 5 8 3 5 4 1 C D of California 28 9 19 12 4 1 5 1 3 1 1 E D of California 6 6 4 2 N D of California 14 14 7 5 2 S D of California 13 3 9 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 D of Hawaii 4 1 3 2 1 1 D of Idaho 2 1 1 1 1 D of Montana 3 3 2 1 D of Nevada 7 7 2 3 2 D of Oregon 6 1 5 3 1 1 1 E D of Washington 4 4 2 1 1 W D of Washington 7 7 7 Total 110 20 87 3 50 13 21 15 2 4 1 1 District courts in the Tenth Circuit As of March 1 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB RWR 2 D of Colorado 7 2 5 5 1 1 D of Kansas 6 4 1 1 3 1 1 D of New Mexico 7 2 5 4 1 1 1 E D of Oklahoma 2 2 1 1 N D of Oklahoma 4 1 2 1 2 1 W D of Oklahoma 7 7 6 1 D of Utah 5 2 3 1 2 1 1 D of Wyoming 3 1 2 1 1 1 Total 41 21 18 2 13 15 3 2 3 2 1 Note Judge John Heil III Trump appointee currently serves on the Eastern Northern amp Western Districts of Oklahoma District courts in the Eleventh Circuit As of January 2 2025 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 WJC 2 WJC 1 GHWB M D of Alabama 3 2 1 2 N D of Alabama 8 5 1 2 4 1 1 S D of Alabama 3 3 2 1 M D of Florida 15 8 4 3 1 5 3 2 1 N D of Florida 4 3 1 2 1 1 S D of Florida 18 8 9 1 3 5 3 1 2 2 1 M D of Georgia 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 N D of Georgia 11 5 6 3 4 3 1 S D of Georgia 3 3 1 2 Total 69 39 23 7 7 26 11 3 6 5 2 2 District court in the D C Circuit As of December 3 2024 update District Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 D of Columbia 15 4 11 5 4 4 2 Total 15 4 11 5 4 4 2United States Court of International TradeThe United States Court of International Trade is an Article III court with full powers in law and equity established by the Customs Court Act of 1980 to replace the United States Customs Court As of February 5 2024 update Year Total Appointed by Republicans Appointed by Democrats Vacant DJT 2 JRB DJT 1 BHO 2 BHO 1 GWB 2 GWB 1 Current 9 3 6 2 3 4 2025 9 3 6 2 3 4 2021 9 4 4 1 3 4 1See alsoUnited States federal judge List of current United States circuit judges List of current United States district judges List of presidents of the United States by judicial appointmentsReferences It took conservatives 50 years to get a reliable majority on the Supreme Court Here are 3 reasons why www washingtonpost com Retrieved June 12 2019 Kavanaugh Confirmation Solidifies Supreme Court Tilt to the Right www rollcall com October 6 2018 Retrieved June 12 2019 U S Senate U S Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress 2nd Session www senate gov Retrieved April 15 2022 Circuit Status news bloomberglaw com Retrieved June 24 2023 How Trump is shifting the most important courts in the country www washingtonpost com Retrieved June 12 2019 With another Supreme Court pick Trump is leaving his mark on higher federal courts www pewresearch org July 16 2018 Retrieved June 12 2019 Justices tend to agree with presidents that pick them but stray later www washingtonpost com Retrieved June 12 2019 Stolzenberg Ross M Lindgren James 2022 Judges as Party Animals Retirement Timing by Federal Judges and Party Control of Judicial Appointments American Sociological Review 87 4 675 697 doi 10 1177 00031224221102072 ISSN 0003 1224 S2CID 233649566 Chen Daniel L Reinhart Eric February 19 2022 The Disavowal of Decisionism Politically Motivated Exits from the U S Courts of Appeals SSRN doi 10 2139 ssrn 2816253 S2CID 157951217 SSRN 2816253 Nixon David C Haskin J David 2000 Judicial Retirement Strategies The Judge s Role in Influencing Party Control of the Appellate Courts American Politics Quarterly 28 4 458 489 doi 10 1177 1532673X00028004002 ISSN 0044 7803 S2CID 35805961 Spriggs James F Wahlbeck Paul J 1995 Calling It Quits Strategic Retirement on the Federal Courts of Appeals 1893 1991 Political Research Quarterly 48 3 573 597 doi 10 1177 106591299504800306 ISSN 1065 9129 S2CID 153375332 Federal Judiciary Act 1789 National Archives and Records Administration retrieved September 12 2017 Judges on Horseback PDF U S Courts Library 8th Circuit Archived from the original PDF on November 3 2020 Retrieved April 4 2021 28 U S C 44 a Judgeship Appointments By President United States Courts Retrieved February 24 2023 Text of H R 660 110th Court Security Improvement Act of 2007 Passed Congress Enrolled Bill version GovTrack us GovTrack us U S Senate U S Senate Roll Call Votes 117th Congress 2nd Session www senate gov Retrieved January 22 2022 Federal Judgeships United States Courts External links Current Judicial Vacancies US courts com December 6 2023 Ideological Voting on Federal Courts of Appeals Summary of Judicial Vacancies Biographical Directory of Article III Federal Judges 1789 Present