The 1860–61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6, 1860, and October 24, 1861, before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4, 1861. The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one, but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies.
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All 183 seats in the United States House of Representatives 92 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Results Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Union gain Independent hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In November 1860, Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency. Though Republicans lost seats, the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln's election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration. These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress, almost all Democrats. As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops, another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln's policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states. The four remaining slave states did not secede, electing and returning Representatives normally.
Unionist regions of three seceding states returned ten Representatives: five from western Virginia, three from eastern Tennessee, and two from southern Louisiana. Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats, all Representatives supported the Union. Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican, particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members, formed Unionist parties. In coalition with the Unionists, Republicans commanded over a two-thirds House supermajority.
Election summaries
California was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress, increasing the total seats to 239.
Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats. Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control. Some seceding states held Federal elections, but seceded before the elected Representatives served. Other seceding states held no Federal elections.
44 | 1 | 108 | 30 |
Democratic | Republican | Union |
State | Type | Date | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | Union | Others | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Kansas | At-large | December 1, 1859 | 1 | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Oregon | At-large | June 4, 1860 | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Arkansas | District | August 6, 1860 | 2 | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Missouri | District | August 6, 1860 | 7 | 5 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Vermont | District | September 4, 1860 | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Maine | District | September 10, 1860 | 6 | 0 | ![]() | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Florida | At-large | October 1, 1860 | 1 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
South Carolina | District | October 8–9, 1860 | 6 | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Indiana | District | October 9, 1860 | 11 | 4 | ![]() | 7 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Iowa | District | October 9, 1860 | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Ohio | District | October 9, 1860 | 21 | 8 | ![]() | 13 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Pennsylvania | District | October 9, 1860 | 25 | 6 | ![]() | 19 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Delaware | At-large | November 6, 1860 (Election Day) | 1 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Illinois | District | 9 | 5 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
Massachusetts | District | 11 | 0 | ![]() | 10 | ![]() | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
Michigan | District | 4 | 0 | ![]() | 4 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
Minnesota | At-large | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
New Jersey | District | 5 | 3 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
New York | District | 33 | 10 | ![]() | 23 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
Wisconsin | District | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | |
Late elections (after the March 4, 1861 beginning of the term) | |||||||||||
New Hampshire | District | March 12, 1861 | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Connecticut | District | April 1, 1861 | 4 | 2 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Rhode Island | District | April 3, 1861 | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Maryland | District | June 13, 1861 | 6 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 6 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Kentucky | District | June 20, 1861 | 10 | 1 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 9 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Late elections (after the July 4, 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress) | |||||||||||
Tennessee | District | August 1, 1861 | 10 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
California | At-large | September 4, 1861 | 3 | 0 | ![]() | 3 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Seceded states not holding full elections | |||||||||||
Alabama | District | None | 7 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Georgia | District | None | 8 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Louisiana | District | None | 4 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 2 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Mississippi | District | None | 5 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
North Carolina | District | None | 8 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Texas | District | None | 2 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Virginia | District | None | 13 | 0 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() | 5 | ![]() | 0 | ![]() |
Total | 181 58 vacancies | 45 24.6% | ![]() | 108 59.0% | ![]() | 30 16.4% | ![]() | 0 0.0% | ![]() |
Maps
- District results by vote share
Special elections
There were special elections in 1860–61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress.
36th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | Francis P. Blair Jr. | Republican | 1856 1858 (lost) 1860 (contested) | Incumbent resigned June 25, 1860. New member elected October 3, 1860. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term; see below. |
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Pennsylvania 8 | John Schwartz | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent died June 20, 1860. New member elected October 9, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
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Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent resigned January 1, 1861 to become Governor of Maine. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term. |
Others
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New York 31 | Silas M. Burroughs | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent died June 3, 1860. New member elected November 6, 1860. Republican hold. |
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37th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to Mexico. New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Union gain. |
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Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent resigned March 12, 1861 to become U.S. Senator. New member elected May 28, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Charles F. Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain. New member elected June 11, 1861. Union gain. |
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Pennsylvania 12 | George W. Scranton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent died March 24, 1861. New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 4, 1861. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 2 | Edward Joy Morris | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1861 to become U.S. Minister to the Ottoman Empire. New member elected June 21, 1861 and seated July 2, 1861. Democratic gain. |
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Iowa 1 | Samuel Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent resigned August 4, 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry. New member elected October 8, 1861. Republican hold. |
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Virginia 11 | John S. Carlile | Union | 1859 | Incumbent resigned July 9, 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia. New member elected October 24, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861. Union hold. |
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Massachusetts 5 | William Appleton | Constitutional Union | 1850 1854 (lost) 1860 | Incumbent resigned September 27, 1861 due to failing health. New member elected November 5, 1861 and seated December 2, 1861. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent resigned October 28, 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War. New member elected December 12, 1861. Democratic hold. |
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Impact of the secessionist movement

Pro-union Free states: dark blue. Pro-Union Slave' states: light blue; (West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood.)
Secessionist Convention Slave states: red
The numbers in Congress are reduced by the 'vacant' seats
In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20, 1860, many Southern House members, mostly Democrats, refused to take their seats. Before 1872, different states held elections at various times; the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6, 1860, in Arkansas and Missouri, while the last election took place in California on September 4, 1861, a year later. Three Southern states – Arkansas, Florida, and South Carolina – chose Representatives before the presidential election, electing seven Democrats and two independents. These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress. After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed, other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress.
Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts – in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats, 14 Oppositionists, five independents, and one member of the American Party – when Congress was called into session on July 4, 1861 (five months earlier than usual at the time) the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced, resulting in a huge Republican majority.
Of the 183 seats, 102 were held by Republicans, 45 by Democrats, 23 by Unionists, and five others by one party each. There were several vacancies, and California had not held its election when Congress assembled.
End of a Congressional era
US Congressional Party Transformation, 1857–1863 | |||
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Congress | 35th 1857–59 | 36th 1859–61 | 37th 1861–63 |
United States House of Representatives | |||
Seats (change) | 237 (+3) | 238 (+1) | 183 (–55) |
Republicans | 90.38% | 116.49% | 108.59% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 31.17% |
Americans (+) | 14.6% | 39.16% (4-way split) | 0.0% |
Democrats | 133.56% | 83.35% | 44.24% |
United States Senate | |||
Seats (change) | 66 (+4) | 68 (+2) | 50 (–18) |
Republicans | 20.30% | 26.38% | 31.62% |
Unionists | 0.0% | 0.0% | 3.6% |
Americans | 5.8% | 2.3% | 0.0% |
Democrats | 41.62% | 38.58% | 15.30% |
In 1860, Lincoln's campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency. Likewise, the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another. In just six years, over the course of the 35th, 36th–37th Congresses, a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats.

Uncle Sam looks on approvingly.
Other early returns in PA, OH and IN showed good prospects for Republicans in the upcoming federal elections
Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861. They were held before, during and after the pre-determined Presidential campaign. And they were held before, during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country. Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection, but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis.
In the 1856 elections, the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years, with James Buchanan's victory over John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore. They held almost a two-thirds majority in both the US House and Senate. Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections, but the four opposition parties then amounted to two-thirds of the House. The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes: Republican and Unionist candidates won a two-thirds majority in both House and Senate.
After the secessionist withdrawal, resignation and expulsion, the Democrats would have less than 25% of the House for the 37th Congress, and that minority divided further between pro-war (Stephen Douglas), and anti-war (Clement Vallandingham) factions.
Results by region
The politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country. The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations, alphabetically by state, can be found in the 37th Congress article.
Party | Total seats | Change | Percentage |
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Republican | 108 | –8 | 59.0% |
Democratic | 44 | –39 | 24.0% |
Independent Democratic | 1 | – | 0.5% |
Constitutional Union and Union | 30 | +30 | 16.3% |
Totals | 183 | –56 | 100.0% |
Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling's descriptions from 1860. The Representative's biographies are linked at their names. Each congressional district has a link, named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At-large election. In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district, the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles.
The articles use different formats. The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading "List of representatives" within tables. These tables have a column naming the District's counties for each election, such as (a) "District Area" for Massachusetts, or (b) "Area" for Illinois and Maryland. Virginia uses "Historical composition of the district" to describe composition at each reapportionment. Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative, sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts. Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress. Michigan uses "History" since 1852 for its 4th district. In some states, previous district composition is not described.
New England
The twenty-nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican, two Union one Constitutional Union, and two Democratic. The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature, Transcendentalism and the abolition movement.
North Central
The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats. This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea-going commerce and trans-shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export.
Border North
The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican, 23 Democratic. Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans.
These are free-soil states, north of the Mason–Dixon line. These states had either abolished slavery, or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory, and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood.
Border South and Middle South
Of the 47 Representatives in these six states, 24 are Union Party, 1 Constitutional Union, 6 Democratic,– would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee.
These were "slaveholding" states, all south of the Mason–Dixon line. The border south states had less than 2% to more than 19% of their 1860 population held as slaves, with an average of 13%; middle south states ranged from 25 to 33% slaves, with an average of 29%. (Deep South 43–57%, except Texas, with 30%.)
Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents.
Trans-Mississippi West
- California — Iowa — Kansas — Minnesota — Oregon — Non-voting members
West of the Mississippi, there were 16 Representatives from states, and 9 Delegates from territories. The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat. The Territories elected four Republicans, one Democrat and two Independents.
When California entered the Union, it broke the free soil - slave state tie in the Senate. Minnesota, and Oregon followed as free-soil states. Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats, the lame-duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861, in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March. The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad, in July 1862. Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next, 38th, Congress.
Vacant state delegations
Alabama — Arkansas — Florida — Georgia — Louisiana — Mississippi — North Carolina — South Carolina — Texas
Forty-three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War. The following state delegations were entirely vacated.
Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the "Border South and Middle South" section.
Alabama
Alabama did not elect members to the House.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | James Stallworth | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 2 | James L. Pugh | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 3 | David Clopton | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 4 | Sydenham Moore | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 5 | George S. Houston | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 6 | Williamson Cobb | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent withdrew January 30, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Alabama 7 | Jabez L. M. Curry | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 21, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Arkansas
Arkansas elected its members on August 6, 1860. Elected representatives were unable to take seats as Congress convened after the state had already seceded.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Thomas C. Hindman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. Seat later vacated. |
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Arkansas 2 | Albert Rust | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Independent gain. Seat later vacated. |
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California
From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at large, with the top two vote-getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858. In the 1860 census, California gained a seat in the House.
California elected its members on September 4, 1861, after the first session of the new Congress began.
The top three vote-getters were elected, but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session. When Congress later authorized California the third seat, Frederick Low was seated June 3, 1862.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large | John C. Burch | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
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Charles L. Scott | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. | ||
None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
Colorado Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members on April 1, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
Data comes from the State of Connecticut Elections Database. Candidates with less than 5 have been grouped into others. Dubin does not mention any other votes beyond the top two candidates but provides the same numbers. Dubin also lists the Republicans as Unionists. Following the party affiliation listed on the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | Dwight Loomis | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 2 | John Woodruff | Republican | 1855 1856 (lost) 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Connecticut 3 | Alfred A. Burnham | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Connecticut 4 | Orris S. Ferry | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
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Dakota Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
Delaware elected its member on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | William G. Whiteley | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. People's (Union) gain. |
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Florida
Florida elected its member on October 1, 1860. Hilton never took his seat as Congress convened after the state had already seceded.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | George S. Hawkins | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. Seat later vacated. |
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Georgia
Georgia did not elect members to the House.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | Peter E. Love | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Georgia 2 | Martin J. Crawford | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Georgia 3 | Thomas Hardeman Jr. | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Opposition loss. | None. |
Georgia 4 | Lucius J. Gartrell | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Georgia 5 | John W. H. Underwood | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Georgia 6 | James Jackson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent resigned January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Georgia 7 | Joshua Hill | Know Nothing | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Know Nothing loss. | None. |
Georgia 8 | John J. Jones | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 23, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Illinois
Illinois elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | Elihu B. Washburne | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 2 | John F. Farnsworth | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Illinois 3 | Owen Lovejoy | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 4 | William Kellogg | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 5 | Isaac N. Morris | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Illinois 6 | John A. McClernand | Democratic | 1859 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 7 | James C. Robinson | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 8 | Philip B. Fouke | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Illinois 9 | John A. Logan | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana
Indiana elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | William E. Niblack | Democratic | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 2 | William H. English | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 3 | William M. Dunn | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 4 | William S. Holman | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 5 | David Kilgore | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Indiana 6 | Albert G. Porter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 7 | John G. Davis | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 8 | James Wilson | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Indiana 9 | Schuyler Colfax | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Indiana 10 | Charles Case | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Indiana 11 | John U. Pettit | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Iowa
Iowa elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | Samuel R. Curtis | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Iowa 2 | William Vandever | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas
There are no records of an election being held for the 37th Congress. It's mostly likely that Conway served into the 37th Congress without an additional election.
Kentucky
Kansas elected its members on June 20, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | Henry C. Burnett | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. Southern Rights gain. |
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Kentucky 2 | Samuel Peyton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost renomination. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 3 | Francis Bristow | Opposition | 1854 (special) 1855 (retired) 1859 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 4 | William C. Anderson | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 5 | John Y. Brown | Democratic | 1859 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 6 | George W. Dunlap | Opposition | 1847 1849 (retired) 1859 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 7 | Robert Mallory | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Unionist. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 8 | William E. Simms | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 9 | Laban T. Moore | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Kentucky 10 | John W. Stevenson | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent lost re-election. Union gain. |
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Louisiana
Although Louisiana had withdrawn from the Union during the Civil War, elections were held on December 3, 1862, for the two congressional districts in portions of the state under Union control. The seats had been vacant since the end of the 36th Congress; however, Flanders and Hahn were not seated until February 17, 1863, 15 days before the end of their term.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | John Edward Bouligny | Know Nothing | 1859 | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union gain. |
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Louisiana 2 | Miles Taylor | Democratic | 1855 | Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union. Union gain. |
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Louisiana 3 | Thomas G. Davidson | Democratic | 1855 | No member elected. Democratic loss. | None. |
Louisiana 4 | John M. Landrum | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
Maine
Maine elected its members on September 10, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Daniel E. Somes | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 2 | John J. Perry | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 3 | Ezra B. French | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 4 | Freeman H. Morse | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Republican | 1850 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine. Republican hold. |
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Maine 6 | Stephen C. Foster | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
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Maryland
Maryland elected its members on June 13, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | James A. Stewart | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Maryland 2 | Edwin H. Webster | Know Nothing | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected as a Union. Union gain. |
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Maryland 3 | J. Morrison Harris | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Maryland 4 | Henry W. Davis | Know Nothing | 1855 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Unionist. Union gain. |
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Maryland 5 | Jacob M. Kunkel | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
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Maryland 6 | George W. Hughes | Democratic | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Union gain. |
|
Massachusetts
Massachusetts elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | James Buffington | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Charles Francis Adams Sr. | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Alexander H. Rice | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | Anson Burlingame | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent lost re-election. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | John B. Alley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Daniel W. Gooch | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Charles R. Train | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Eli Thayer | Constitutional Union | 1856 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | Charles Delano | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | Henry L. Dawes | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
Michigan its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William A. Howard | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Henry Waldron | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Michigan 3 | Francis W. Kellogg | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 4 | Dewitt C. Leach | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Minnesota
Minnesota elected its members on November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota at-large | Cyrus Aldrich | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota at-large | William Windom | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Mississippi
Mississippi seceded on January 9, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Lucius Q. C. Lamar | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent retired in December 1860. Democratic loss. | None. |
Mississippi 2 | Reuben Davis | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Mississippi 3 | William Barksdale | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Mississippi 4 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1857 | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Mississippi 5 | John J. McRae | Democratic | 1858 (special) | Incumbent withdrew January 12, 1861. Democratic loss. | None. |
Missouri
Missouri elected its members on September 10, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | John R. Barret | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Missouri 2 | Thomas L. Anderson | Independent Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Constitutional Union gain. |
|
Missouri 3 | John Bullock Clark | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 4 | James Craig | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold |
|
Missouri 5 | Samuel H. Woodson | Know Nothing | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Missouri 6 | John S. Phelps | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri 7 | John W. Noell | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Nevada Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire elected its members on March 12, 1861, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | Gilman Marston | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Hampshire 2 | Mason Tappan | Republican | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New Hampshire 3 | Thomas M. Edwards | Republican | 1859 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey
New Jersey its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | John T. Nixon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 2 | John L. N. Stratton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Jersey 3 | Garnett Adrain | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 4 | Jetur R. Riggs | Anti-Lecompton Democrat | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New Jersey 5 | William Pennington | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New Mexico Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New York
New York its members on the November 6, 1860 Election Day.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | Luther C. Carter | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 2 | James Humphrey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 3 | Daniel Sickles | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 4 | Thomas J. Barr | Independent Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Independent Democratic hold. |
|
New York 5 | William B. Maclay | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
New York 6 | John Cochrane | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican gain. |
|
New York 7 | George Briggs | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 8 | Horace F. Clark | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 9 | John B. Haskin | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 10 | Charles Van Wyck | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 11 | William S. Kenyon | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 12 | Charles Lewis Beale | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 13 | Abram B. Olin | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 14 | John H. Reynolds | Anti-Lecompton Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
New York 15 | James B. McKean | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 16 | George W. Palmer | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 17 | Francis E. Spinner | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 18 | Clark B. Cochrane | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
New York 19 | James H. Graham | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 20 | Roscoe Conkling | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 21 | R. Holland Duell | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 22 | M. Lindley Lee | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 23 | Charles B. Hoard | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 24 | Charles B. Sedgwick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 25 | Martin Butterfield | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 26 | Emory B. Pottle | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 27 | Alfred Wells | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 28 | William Irvine | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 29 | Alfred Ely | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 30 | Augustus Frank | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 31 | Edwin R. Reynolds | Republican | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
New York 32 | Elbridge G. Spaulding | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New York 33 | Reuben Fenton | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina
North Carolina seceded on May 20, 1861, and did not elect members of the 37th Congress.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | William N. H. Smith | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |
North Carolina 2 | Thomas H. Ruffin | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
North Carolina 3 | Warren Winslow | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
North Carolina 4 | Lawrence O'Bryan Branch | Democratic | 1855 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
North Carolina 5 | John A. Gilmer | Opposition | 1857 | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |
North Carolina 6 | James M. Leach | Opposition | 1859 | Incumbent retired. Opposition loss. | None. |
North Carolina 7 | F. Burton Craige | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
North Carolina 8 | Zebulon Vance | Democratic | 1858 (Special) | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | None. |
Ohio
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | George H. Pendleton | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 2 | John A. Gurley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 3 | Clement Vallandigham | Democratic | 1858 (Won contest) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 4 | William Allen | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 5 | James M. Ashley | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 6 | William Howard | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Ohio 7 | Thomas Corwin | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 8 | Benjamin Stanton | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 9 | John Carey | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 10 | Carey A. Trimble | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 11 | Charles D. Martin | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Ohio 12 | Samuel S. Cox | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 13 | John Sherman | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 14 | Harrison G. O. Blake | Republican | (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 15 | William Helmick | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 16 | Cydnor B. Tompkins | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 17 | Thomas C. Theaker | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Ohio 18 | Sidney Edgerton | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 19 | Edward Wade | Republican | 1852 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Ohio 20 | John Hutchins | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio 21 | John A. Bingham | Republican | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon
Poorly coordinated state legislation created confusion. As a result, two elections were held in 1860: on June 4 (won by George K. Shiel and on November 6 (won by Andrew J. Thayer). Thayer was seated March 4, 1861, but Shiel contested the election. On July 30, 1861, the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3, 1863. Both disputants were Democrats.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon at-large | Lansing Stout | Democratic | 1858 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected June 4, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30, 1861. |
|
Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected November 6, 1860. Democratic hold. Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge. |
|
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania elected its members on October 9, 1860.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 2 | Edward J. Morris | Republican | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 3 | John P. Verree | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania 4 | William Millward | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 5 | John Wood | Republican | 1858 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania 6 | John Hickman | Democratic | 1856 | Incumbent re-elected under a new party. Republican gain |
|
Pennsylvania 7 | Henry Clay Longnecker | Republican | 1858 | Democratic gain |
|
Pennsylvania 8 | Jacob K. McKenty | Democratic | 1860 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
Author: www.NiNa.Az
Publication date:
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The 1860 61 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 6 1860 and October 24 1861 before or after the first session of the 37th United States Congress convened on July 4 1861 The number of House seats initially increased to 239 when California was apportioned an extra one but these elections were affected by the outbreak of the American Civil War and resulted in over 56 vacancies 1860 61 United States House of Representatives elections 1858 amp 1859 August 6 1860 October 24 1861 1862 amp 1863 All 183 seats in the United States House of Representatives 92 seats needed for a majority Majority party Minority party Leader William Pennington Samuel Cox Party Republican Democratic Leader s seat New Jersey 5th lost re election Ohio 12th Last election 116 seats 83 seats Seats won 106 44 Seat change 10 54 Popular vote 1 793 876 1 520 785 Percentage 46 91 39 77 Swing 10 32pp 8 29pp Third party Fourth party Party Union Southern Rights Last election 0 seats 0 seats Seats won 31 1 Seat change 31 1 Popular vote 324 992 52 501 Percentage 8 50 1 37 Swing New party New party Fifth party Party Independent Last election 15 seats Seats won 1 Seat change 14 Popular vote 105 210 Percentage 2 75 Swing 4 16ppResults Democratic gain Democratic hold Republican gain Republican hold Union gain Independent holdSpeaker before election William Pennington Republican Elected Speaker Galusha Grow Republican In November 1860 Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Presidency Though Republicans lost seats the party won a House majority anyway as seven slave states reacted to Lincoln s election by seceding before the Presidential inauguration These seceding states formed the Confederacy in February 1861 while withdrawing many Representatives and Senators from Congress almost all Democrats As both sides in the impending American Civil War initially mobilized troops another four slave states seceded by May 1861 in response to Lincoln s policy of using Federal force to defend Federal property and to coerce the seven initially seceding states The four remaining slave states did not secede electing and returning Representatives normally Unionist regions of three seceding states returned ten Representatives five from western Virginia three from eastern Tennessee and two from southern Louisiana Except for a tiny minority of outspoken Democrats all Representatives supported the Union Representatives opposing Democrats but unwilling to identify as Republican particularly from slave states and including some remaining nativist American Party members formed Unionist parties In coalition with the Unionists Republicans commanded over a two thirds House supermajority Election summariesCalifornia was apportioned one additional seat for the 37th Congress increasing the total seats to 239 Representatives from seceding states overwhelmingly were Democrats Withdrawal of these Representatives boosted Republican House control Some seceding states held Federal elections but seceded before the elected Representatives served Other seceding states held no Federal elections 44 1 108 30 Democratic Republican Union State Type Date Total seats Democratic Republican Union Others Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Kansas At large December 1 1859 1 0 1 1 0 0 Oregon At large June 4 1860 1 1 0 0 0 Arkansas District August 6 1860 2 2 0 0 0 Missouri District August 6 1860 7 5 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 Vermont District September 4 1860 3 0 3 0 0 Maine District September 10 1860 6 0 6 0 0 Florida At large October 1 1860 1 1 0 0 0 South Carolina District October 8 9 1860 6 6 0 0 0 Indiana District October 9 1860 11 4 7 0 0 Iowa District October 9 1860 2 0 2 0 0 Ohio District October 9 1860 21 8 2 13 2 0 0 Pennsylvania District October 9 1860 25 6 1 19 1 0 0 Delaware At large November 6 1860 Election Day 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 Illinois District 9 5 4 0 0 Massachusetts District 11 0 10 1 1 1 0 Michigan District 4 0 1 4 1 0 0 Minnesota At large 2 0 2 0 0 New Jersey District 5 3 1 2 1 0 0 New York District 33 10 3 23 3 0 0 Wisconsin District 3 0 1 3 1 0 0 Late elections after the March 4 1861 beginning of the term New Hampshire District March 12 1861 3 0 3 0 0 Connecticut District April 1 1861 4 2 2 2 2 0 0 Rhode Island District April 3 1861 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 Maryland District June 13 1861 6 0 3 0 6 6 0 3 Kentucky District June 20 1861 10 1 4 0 9 9 0 5 Late elections after the July 4 1861 beginning of the first session of the 37th Congress Tennessee District August 1 1861 10 0 3 0 3 3 0 7 California At large September 4 1861 3 0 3 1 0 0 Seceded states not holding full elections Alabama District None 7 0 7 0 0 0 Georgia District None 8 0 6 0 0 0 2 Louisiana District None 4 0 3 0 2 2 0 1 Mississippi District None 5 0 5 0 0 0 North Carolina District None 8 0 5 0 0 0 3 Texas District None 2 0 2 0 0 0 Virginia District None 13 0 12 0 5 5 0 1 Total 181 58 vacancies 45 24 6 53 108 59 0 8 30 16 4 30 0 0 0 24 Popular vote Republican 46 91 Democratic 39 77 Unionist 8 50 Southern Rights 1 37 Independent 2 75 Others 0 70 House seats Republican 57 92 Democratic 24 04 Unionist 16 94 Southern Rights 0 55 Independent 0 55 Maps District results by vote shareSpecial electionsThere were special elections in 1860 61 during the 36th United States Congress and 37th United States Congress 36th Congress District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Missouri 1 Francis P Blair Jr Republican 1856 1858 lost 1860 contested Incumbent resigned June 25 1860 New member elected October 3 1860 Democratic gain Winner lost election to the next term see below Y John R Barret Democratic 50 27 Francis P Blair Jr Republican 49 70 Albert Todd American 0 02 Pennsylvania 8 John Schwartz Anti Lecompton Democratic 1858 Incumbent died June 20 1860 New member elected October 9 1860 Democratic hold Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term Y Jacob K McKenty Democratic 56 19 James McKnight Republican 43 81 Maine 5 Israel Washburn Jr Republican 1850 Incumbent resigned January 1 1861 to become Governor of Maine New member elected November 6 1860 Republican hold Winner was not a candidate for election to the next term Y Stephen Coburn Republican 65 86 Joseph D Brown Democratic 14 47 Joseph Chase Breckinridge Democratic 14 92 Others Abner Coburn Unknown 0 86 Constitutional Union 0 57 Samuel Blake Unknown 0 32 New York 31 Silas M Burroughs Republican 1856 Incumbent died June 3 1860 New member elected November 6 1860 Republican hold Y Edwin R Reynolds Republican 59 02 Democratic 39 09 Breckinridge Democratic 1 89 37th Congress District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Ohio 7 Thomas Corwin Republican 1858 Incumbent resigned March 12 1861 to become U S Minister to Mexico New member elected May 28 1861 and seated July 4 1861 Union gain Y Richard A Harrison Union 52 65 Aaron Harlan Democratic 47 35 Ohio 13 John Sherman Republican 1854 Incumbent resigned March 12 1861 to become U S Senator New member elected May 28 1861 and seated July 4 1861 Republican hold Y Samuel T Worcester Republican 55 85 Democratic 44 15 Massachusetts 3 Charles F Adams Sr Republican 1858 Incumbent resigned May 1 1861 to become Ambassador to Great Britain New member elected June 11 1861 Union gain Y Benjamin Thomas Union 90 80 Unknown 9 2 Pennsylvania 12 George W Scranton Republican 1858 Incumbent died March 24 1861 New member elected June 21 1861 and seated July 4 1861 Democratic gain Y Hendrick B Wright Democratic Union 67 82 Independent 32 18 Pennsylvania 2 Edward Joy Morris Republican 1856 Incumbent resigned June 8 1861 to become U S Minister to the Ottoman Empire New member elected June 21 1861 and seated July 2 1861 Democratic gain Y Charles J Biddle Union Democratic 51 59 Charles O Neill People s 48 41 Iowa 1 Samuel Curtis Republican 1856 Incumbent resigned August 4 1861 to become colonel of the 2nd Iowa Infantry New member elected October 8 1861 Republican hold Y James F Wilson Republican 56 66 Jairus Edward Neal Democratic 40 94 Scattering 2 40 Virginia 11 John S Carlile Union 1859 Incumbent resigned July 9 1861 to become United States Senator from the loyal faction of Virginia New member elected October 24 1861 and seated December 2 1861 Union hold Y Jacob B Blair Union Frost Unknown Haywood Unknown Incomplete data Massachusetts 5 William Appleton Constitutional Union 1850 1854 lost 1860 Incumbent resigned September 27 1861 due to failing health New member elected November 5 1861 and seated December 2 1861 Republican gain Y Samuel Hooper Republican 56 14 Democratic 43 86 Illinois 6 John A McClernand Democratic 1859 special Incumbent resigned October 28 1861 to accept a commission as brigadier general of volunteers for service in the Civil War New member elected December 12 1861 Democratic hold Y Anthony L Knapp Democratic 97 92 Scattering 2 08 Impact of the secessionist movementUnited States 37th Congress 1861 Pro union Free states dark blue Pro Union Slave states light blue West Virginia abolished slavery with statehood Secessionist Convention Slave states red The numbers in Congress are reduced by the vacant seats In the wake of the declared secession of South Carolina from the Union on December 20 1860 many Southern House members mostly Democrats refused to take their seats Before 1872 different states held elections at various times the first elections for the 37th Congress were held on August 6 1860 in Arkansas and Missouri while the last election took place in California on September 4 1861 a year later Three Southern states Arkansas Florida and South Carolina chose Representatives before the presidential election electing seven Democrats and two independents These were the only House elections from the seceding states to the 37th Congress After South Carolina resolved disunion and the Confederate States of America was formed other Southern states declared as well and elected Representatives to the new Congress of the Confederate States instead of the United States Congress Since the states not holding elections had many strong Democratic districts in the previous 36th Congress their Representatives included a total of 46 Democrats 14 Oppositionists five independents and one member of the American Party when Congress was called into session on July 4 1861 five months earlier than usual at the time the size of the Democratic House caucus had been drastically reduced resulting in a huge Republican majority Of the 183 seats 102 were held by Republicans 45 by Democrats 23 by Unionists and five others by one party each There were several vacancies and California had not held its election when Congress assembled End of a Congressional eraUS Congressional Party Transformation 1857 1863 Congress 35th 1857 59 36th 1859 61 37th 1861 63 United States House of Representatives Seats change 237 3 238 1 183 55 Republicans 90 38 116 49 108 59 Unionists 0 0 0 0 31 17 Americans 14 6 39 16 4 way split 0 0 Democrats 133 56 83 35 44 24 United States Senate Seats change 66 4 68 2 50 18 Republicans 20 30 26 38 31 62 Unionists 0 0 0 0 3 6 Americans 5 8 2 3 0 0 Democrats 41 62 38 58 15 30 In 1860 Lincoln s campaign brought the Republicans the Presidency Likewise the congressional elections also marked the transition from one major era of political parties to another In just six years over the course of the 35th 36th 37th Congresses a complete reversal of party fortunes swamped the Democrats Columbia switches Stephen A Douglas labeled with early election date news from Maine Uncle Sam looks on approvingly Other early returns in PA OH and IN showed good prospects for Republicans in the upcoming federal elections Elections for Congress were held from August 1860 to June 1861 They were held before during and after the pre determined Presidential campaign And they were held before during and after the secessionist campaigns in various states as they were reported throughout the country Political conditions varied hugely from time to time during the course of congressional selection but they had been shifting to a considerable extent in the years running up to the crisis In the 1856 elections the Democrats had taken the Presidency for the sixth time in the last 40 years with James Buchanan s victory over John C Fremont and Millard Fillmore They held almost a two thirds majority in both the US House and Senate Democrats held onto the Senate during the midterm elections but the four opposition parties then amounted to two thirds of the House The congressional elections in 1860 transformed Democratic fortunes Republican and Unionist candidates won a two thirds majority in both House and Senate After the secessionist withdrawal resignation and expulsion the Democrats would have less than 25 of the House for the 37th Congress and that minority divided further between pro war Stephen Douglas and anti war Clement Vallandingham factions Results by regionThe politics of these elections were distinctive in every region of the country The more conventional listing of Members in their state delegations alphabetically by state can be found in the 37th Congress article Party Total seats Change Percentage Republican 108 8 59 0 Democratic 44 39 24 0 Independent Democratic 1 0 5 Constitutional Union and Union 30 30 16 3 Totals 183 56 100 0 Each Region below lists the states composing it using Freehling s descriptions from 1860 The Representative s biographies are linked at their names Each congressional district has a link named by its state abbreviation and its assigned number or noted At large election In a time before the Census Department published aggregate population data by congressional district the reader may have ready access to census data identifying the makeup of those each district by referring to their respective articles The articles use different formats The constituent counties of congressional districts are sometimes listed in a content heading List of representatives within tables These tables have a column naming the District s counties for each election such as a District Area for Massachusetts or b Area for Illinois and Maryland Virginia uses Historical composition of the district to describe composition at each reapportionment Pennsylvania notes the home county of the elected representative sometimes holding the largest population for respective districts Minnesota makes a geographical allusion for its 1st District applicable to the 37th Congress Michigan uses History since 1852 for its 4th district In some states previous district composition is not described New England Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont dd The twenty nine seats in the House among these six states are divided 24 Republican two Union one Constitutional Union and two Democratic The region is important nationally in manufacturing and intellectually as the center of literature Transcendentalism and the abolition movement North Central New Jersey New York dd The 38 Representatives from this region would seat 25 Republicans and thirteen Democrats This region had the closest commercial and social ties to the South due to its sea going commerce and trans shipping cotton to local textile plants and for export Border North Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin dd The 73 seats in this region were split 50 Republican 23 Democratic Illinois is the only state here with more Democrats than Republicans These are free soil states north of the Mason Dixon line These states had either abolished slavery or Congress had forbidden it in their Territory and they had forbidden it at the beginning of their statehood Border South and Middle South Delaware Kentucky Maryland Missouri Tennessee Virginia dd Of the 47 Representatives in these six states 24 are Union Party 1 Constitutional Union 6 Democratic would be vacant in Virginia and Tennessee These were slaveholding states all south of the Mason Dixon line The border south states had less than 2 to more than 19 of their 1860 population held as slaves with an average of 13 middle south states ranged from 25 to 33 slaves with an average of 29 Deep South 43 57 except Texas with 30 Eight seats in Virginia and seven seats in Tennessee represented large numbers of citizens resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War They were declared vacant in 37th Congress documents Trans Mississippi West California Iowa Kansas Minnesota Oregon Non voting members dd West of the Mississippi there were 16 Representatives from states and 9 Delegates from territories The states elected nine Republicans and one Democrat The Territories elected four Republicans one Democrat and two Independents When California entered the Union it broke the free soil slave state tie in the Senate Minnesota and Oregon followed as free soil states Once Congress was depleted of the secessionist Democrats the lame duck 36th Congress admitted Kansas as a free state in January 1861 in time for it to send a Representative to the 37th Congress in March The Republican Congress elected in 1860 began funding the transcontinental railroad in July 1862 Nevada was admitted before the end of the Civil War in the next 38th Congress Vacant state delegations Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Texas Forty three seats represented large numbers of citizens in nine states resisting the Lincoln administration of the United States government during the Civil War The following state delegations were entirely vacated Missouri Kentucky Tennessee and Virginia are accounted for in the Border South and Middle South section AlabamaAlabama did not elect members to the House District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Alabama 1 James Stallworth Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 2 James L Pugh Democratic 1859 Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 3 David Clopton Democratic 1859 Incumbent withdrew January 21 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 4 Sydenham Moore Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 21 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 5 George S Houston Democratic 1851 Incumbent withdrew January 21 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 6 Williamson Cobb Democratic 1847 Incumbent withdrew January 30 1861 Democratic loss None Alabama 7 Jabez L M Curry Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 21 1861 Democratic loss None ArkansasArkansas elected its members on August 6 1860 Elected representatives were unable to take seats as Congress convened after the state had already seceded District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Arkansas 1 Thomas C Hindman Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Seat later vacated Y Thomas C Hindman Democratic 67 40 Jesse N Cypert Independent 32 60 Arkansas 2 Albert Rust Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired Independent gain Seat later vacated Y Edward W Gantt Independent 54 38 Charles B Mitchel Democratic 42 69 James A Jones Independent 2 92 CaliforniaFrom statehood to 1864 California s representatives were elected at large with the top two vote getters winning the election from 1849 to 1858 In the 1860 census California gained a seat in the House California elected its members on September 4 1861 after the first session of the new Congress began The top three vote getters were elected but only the top two were seated at the beginning of the session When Congress later authorized California the third seat Frederick Low was seated June 3 1862 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates California at large John C Burch Democratic 1859 Incumbent retired Republican gain Y Timothy Guy Phelps Republican 16 Y Aaron A Sargent Republican 15 7 Y Frederick Low Republican 12 1 Union Democratic 11 Union Democratic 11 Breckinridge Democratic 9 8 Breckinridge Democratic 9 8 Breckinridge Democratic 7 5 Union Democratic 7 Charles L Scott Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Republican gain None new seat New seat Republican gain Colorado TerritorySee non voting delegates below ConnecticutConnecticut elected its members on April 1 1861 after the new term began but before Congress convened Data comes from the State of Connecticut Elections Database Candidates with less than 5 have been grouped into others Dubin does not mention any other votes beyond the top two candidates but provides the same numbers Dubin also lists the Republicans as Unionists Following the party affiliation listed on the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Connecticut 1 Dwight Loomis Republican 1859 Incumbent re elected Y Dwight Loomis Republican 50 3 Democratic 49 6 Others lt 0 01 Connecticut 2 John Woodruff Republican 1855 1856 lost 1859 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y James E English Democratic 52 3 John Woodruff Republican 47 7 Others lt 0 01 Connecticut 3 Alfred A Burnham Republican 1859 Incumbent re elected Y Alfred A Burnham Republican 57 2 Democratic 42 8 Others lt 0 01 Connecticut 4 Orris S Ferry Republican 1859 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y George C Woodruff Democratic 50 2 Orris S Ferry Republican 49 8 Others lt 0 01Dakota TerritorySee non voting delegates below DelawareDelaware elected its member on November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Delaware at large William G Whiteley Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired People s Union gain Y George P Fisher People s 48 39 Benjamin T Biggs Breckinridge Democratic 46 85 Elias Reed Douglas Democratic 4 76 FloridaFlorida elected its member on October 1 1860 Hilton never took his seat as Congress convened after the state had already seceded District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Florida at large George S Hawkins Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Seat later vacated Y Robert Benjamin Hilton Democratic 59 89 B F Allen Opposition 40 11 GeorgiaGeorgia did not elect members to the House District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Georgia 1 Peter E Love Democratic 1859 Incumbent resigned January 23 1861 Democratic loss None Georgia 2 Martin J Crawford Democratic 1855 Incumbent withdrew January 23 1861 Democratic loss None Georgia 3 Thomas Hardeman Jr Opposition 1859 Incumbent withdrew January 23 1861 Opposition loss None Georgia 4 Lucius J Gartrell Democratic 1857 Incumbent resigned January 23 1861 Democratic loss None Georgia 5 John W H Underwood Democratic 1859 Incumbent withdrew January 23 1861 Democratic loss None Georgia 6 James Jackson Democratic 1857 Incumbent resigned January 23 1861 Democratic loss None Georgia 7 Joshua Hill Know Nothing 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 23 1861 Know Nothing loss None Georgia 8 John J Jones Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 23 1861 Democratic loss None IllinoisIllinois elected its members on November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Illinois 1 Elihu B Washburne Republican 1852 Incumbent re elected Y Elihu B Washburne Republican 70 59 Theodore A C Beard Democratic 29 41 Illinois 2 John F Farnsworth Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Isaac N Arnold Republican 64 53 Augustus N Herrington Democratic 35 47 Illinois 3 Owen Lovejoy Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Owen Lovejoy Republican 61 1 Robert N Murray Democratic 38 9 Illinois 4 William Kellogg Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y William Kellogg Republican 54 65 Robert G Ingersoll Democratic 45 35 Illinois 5 Isaac N Morris Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y William A Richardson Democratic 53 58 Benjamin M Prentiss Republican 46 42 Illinois 6 John A McClernand Democratic 1859 special Incumbent re elected Y John A McClernand Democratic 56 62 Henry Case Republican 43 38 Illinois 7 James C Robinson Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y James C Robinson Democratic 54 07 James T Cunningham Republican 45 93 Illinois 8 Philip B Fouke Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Philip B Fouke Democratic 55 48 Joseph Gillespie Republican 44 52 Illinois 9 John A Logan Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John A Logan Democratic 79 54 David T Linegar Independent 19 85 IndianaIndiana elected its members on October 9 1860 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Indiana 1 William E Niblack Democratic Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y John Law Democratic 55 67 Lemuel Q Debruler Republican 44 33 Indiana 2 William H English Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y James A Cravens Democratic 51 28 John S Davis Republican 48 72 Indiana 3 William M Dunn Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y William M Dunn Republican 54 54 William Mitchel Daily Democratic 45 46 Indiana 4 William S Holman Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y William S Holman Democratic 51 22 James L Yater Republican 48 78 Indiana 5 David Kilgore Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y George W Julian Republican 62 00 William A Bickle Democratic 38 00 Indiana 6 Albert G Porter Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Albert G Porter Republican 52 29 Robert L Walpole Democratic 47 71 Indiana 7 John G Davis Anti Lecompton Democrat 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Daniel W Voorhees Democratic 51 46 Thomas H Nelson Republican 47 28 James A Scott Independent 1 26 Indiana 8 James Wilson Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Albert S White Republican 53 67 Samuel C Wilson Democratic 46 33 Indiana 9 Schuyler Colfax Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Schuyler Colfax Republican 55 71 Charles W Cathcart Democratic 44 29 Indiana 10 Charles Case Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y William Mitchell Republican 55 62 Philip M Henkle Democratic 44 38 Indiana 11 John U Pettit Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y John P C Shanks Republican 54 08 Asbury Steele Democratic 45 92 IowaIowa elected its members on October 9 1860 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Iowa 1 Samuel R Curtis Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Samuel R Curtis Republican 52 88 C C Cole Democratic 47 12 Iowa 2 William Vandever Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y William Vandever Republican 57 50 Ben M Samuels Democratic 42 50 KansasThere are no records of an election being held for the 37th Congress It s mostly likely that Conway served into the 37th Congress without an additional election KentuckyKansas elected its members on June 20 1861 after the new term began but before Congress convened District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Kentucky 1 Henry C Burnett Democratic 1855 Incumbent re elected under a new party Southern Rights gain Y Henry C Burnett Southern Rights 59 08 Lawrence S Trimble Union 40 92 Kentucky 2 Samuel Peyton Democratic 1857 Incumbent lost renomination Union gain Y James S Jackson Union 73 4 John T Bunch Southern Rights 26 6 Kentucky 3 Francis Bristow Opposition 1854 special 1855 retired 1859 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Henry Grider Union 76 95 Joseph Horace Lewis Southern Rights 23 05 Kentucky 4 William C Anderson Opposition 1859 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Aaron Harding Union 80 72 Albert G Talbott Southern Rights 19 28 Kentucky 5 John Y Brown Democratic 1859 Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re election Union gain Y Charles A Wickliffe Union 75 14 H E Read Southern Rights 24 86 Kentucky 6 George W Dunlap Opposition 1847 1849 retired 1859 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Charles A Wickliffe Union 97 32 Alfred Smith Southern Rights 1 83 Scattering 0 85 Kentucky 7 Robert Mallory Opposition 1859 Incumbent re elected as a Unionist Union gain Y Robert Mallory Union 79 41 Horatio Washington Bruce Southern Rights 20 59 Kentucky 8 William E Simms Democratic 1859 Incumbent lost re election Union gain Y John J Crittenden Union 59 18 William E Simms Southern Rights 40 82 Kentucky 9 Laban T Moore Opposition 1859 Incumbent retired Union gain Y William H Wadsworth Union 75 91 John L Williams Southern Rights 24 09 Kentucky 10 John W Stevenson Democratic 1857 Incumbent lost re election Union gain Y John W Menzies Union 65 18 Overton P Hogan Southern Rights 29 38 Thomas L Jones Independent withdrew 5 43 LouisianaAlthough Louisiana had withdrawn from the Union during the Civil War elections were held on December 3 1862 for the two congressional districts in portions of the state under Union control The seats had been vacant since the end of the 36th Congress however Flanders and Hahn were not seated until February 17 1863 15 days before the end of their term District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Louisiana 1 John Edward Bouligny Know Nothing 1859 Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union Union gain Y Benjamin Flanders Union 93 08 John Edward Bouligny Union 6 27 Scattering 0 64 Louisiana 2 Miles Taylor Democratic 1855 Seat expired at end of 36th Congress with the withdrawal of Louisiana from the Union Union gain Y Michael Hahn Union 54 7 Edward Henry Durell Union 28 49 Jacob Barker Secessionist 8 85 W R Greathouse Unknown 6 98 Scattering 0 98 Louisiana 3 Thomas G Davidson Democratic 1855 No member elected Democratic loss None Louisiana 4 John M Landrum Democratic 1859 Incumbent retired Democratic loss None MaineMaine elected its members on September 10 1860 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Maine 1 Daniel E Somes Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y John N Goodwin Republican 53 00 Thomas M Hayes Democratic 46 55 Nathan Webb Constitutional Union 0 45 Maine 2 John J Perry Republican 1854 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Charles W Walton Republican 55 68 Calvin Record Democratic 44 32 Maine 3 Ezra B French Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Samuel C Fessenden Republican 52 54 Alfred W Johnson Democratic 47 46 Maine 4 Freeman H Morse Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Anson Morrill Republican 61 59 Benjamin A Fuller Democratic 35 24 George C Getchell Unknown 1 49 Bion Bradbury Unknown 0 77 Freeman H Morse Unknown 0 55 Scattering 0 36 Maine 5 Israel Washburn Jr Republican 1850 Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Maine Republican hold Y John H Rice Republican 59 76 Samuel H Blake Democratic 38 74 Ebenezer Hutchinson Constitutional Union 1 04 Scattering 0 47 Maine 6 Stephen C Foster Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Frederick A Pike Republican 54 27 Bion Bradbury Democratic 44 72 Scattering 1 01 MarylandMaryland elected its members on June 13 1861 after the new term began but before Congress convened District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Maryland 1 James A Stewart Democratic 1855 Incumbent retired Union gain Y John W Crisfield Union 57 39 States Rights 42 61 Maryland 2 Edwin H Webster Know Nothing 1859 Incumbent re elected as a Union Union gain Y Edwin H Webster Union 98 63 Scattering 1 37 Maryland 3 J Morrison Harris Know Nothing 1855 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Cornelius Leary Union 51 95 States Rights 48 05 Maryland 4 Henry W Davis Know Nothing 1855 Incumbent lost re election as a Unionist Union gain Y Henry May Union and Peace 57 55 Henry W Davis Union 42 45 Maryland 5 Jacob M Kunkel Democratic 1857 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Francis Thomas Union 96 18 Scattering 3 82 Maryland 6 George W Hughes Democratic 1859 Incumbent retired Union gain Y Charles B Calvert Union 50 92 Benjamin G Harris States Rights 49 08 MassachusettsMassachusetts elected its members on November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Massachusetts 1 Thomas D Eliot Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Thomas D Eliot Republican 72 52 Daniel Fisher Constitutional Union 10 47 Moses Bates Democratic 8 67 F E Sanford Breckinridge Democratic 8 34 Massachusetts 2 James Buffington Republican 1854 Incumbent re elected Y James Buffington Republican 68 40 Alexander Long Democratic Constitutional Union 29 85 Massachusetts 3 Charles Francis Adams Sr Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Charles Francis Adams Sr Republican 58 57 Leverett Saltonstall Democratic 41 43 Massachusetts 4 Alexander H Rice Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Alexander H Rice Republican 52 32 Erastus B Bigelow Democratic Constitutional Union Breckinridge Democratic 47 68 Massachusetts 5 Anson Burlingame Republican 1854 Incumbent lost re election Constitutional Union gain Y William Appleton Constitutional Union Democratic Breckinridge Democratic 50 82 Anson Burlingame Republican 49 18 Massachusetts 6 John B Alley Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John B Alley Republican 63 07 Otis P Lord Constitutional Union 16 16 Jefferson Knight Democratic 14 39 George B Loring Breckinridge Democratic 4 72 Scattering 1 65 Massachusetts 7 Daniel W Gooch Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Daniel W Gooch Republican 60 48 Charles A Welch Democratic Constitutional Union 35 79 George Johnson Breckinridge Democratic 3 74 Massachusetts 8 Charles R Train Republican 1859 Incumbent re elected Y Charles R Train Republican 64 88 Alpheus R Brown Democratic 16 71 Winthrop E Faulkner Constitutional Union 15 67 James C Abbott Breckinridge Democratic 2 74 Massachusetts 9 Eli Thayer Constitutional Union 1856 Incumbent lost re election Republican gain Y Goldsmith Bailey Republican 54 74 Eli Thayer Constitutional Union 44 65 S W Stevens Breckinridge Democratic 0 61 Massachusetts 10 Charles Delano Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Charles Delano Republican 75 39 Josiah Allis Democratic 19 02 Benning Leavitt Breckenridge Democratic 5 6 Massachusetts 11 Henry L Dawes Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Henry L Dawes Republican 67 71 Norman T Leonard Democratic 28 60 John M Cole Breckinridge Democratic 3 69 MichiganMichigan its members on the November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Michigan 1 William A Howard Republican 1854 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Bradley F Granger Republican 52 51 George V Lathrop Democratic 47 03 John Conely Unknown 0 45 Michigan 2 Henry Waldron Republican 1854 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Fernando C Beaman Republican 60 16 Salathiel C Coffenberry Democratic 39 84 Michigan 3 Francis W Kellogg Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Francis W Kellogg Republican 59 04 Thomas B Church Democratic 40 59 John Bell Unknown 0 37 Michigan 4 Dewitt C Leach Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Rowland E Trowbridge Republican 55 79 Edward Thompson Democratic 44 21 MinnesotaMinnesota elected its members on November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Minnesota at large Cyrus Aldrich Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Cyrus Aldrich Republican 31 75 William Windom Republican 31 51 John M Gilman Democratic 17 30 James George Democratic 17 24 Alonzo Jay Edgerton Breckinridge Democratic 1 12 James W Taylor Breckinridge Democratic 1 09 Minnesota at large William Windom Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected MississippiMississippi seceded on January 9 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Mississippi 1 Lucius Q C Lamar Democratic 1857 Incumbent retired in December 1860 Democratic loss None Mississippi 2 Reuben Davis Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None Mississippi 3 William Barksdale Democratic 1855 Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None Mississippi 4 Otho R Singleton Democratic 1857 Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None Mississippi 5 John J McRae Democratic 1858 special Incumbent withdrew January 12 1861 Democratic loss None MissouriMissouri elected its members on September 10 1860 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Missouri 1 John R Barret Democratic 1858 Incumbent lost re election Republican gain Y Francis Preston Blair Jr Republican 44 11 John R Barret Democratic 38 39 Albert Todd Constitutional Union 17 49 Missouri 2 Thomas L Anderson Independent Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Constitutional Union gain Y James S Rollins Constitutional Union 50 57 John B Henderson Democratic 49 43 Missouri 3 John Bullock Clark Democratic 1856 Incumbent re elected Y John Bullock Clark Democratic 59 53 M C Hawkins Constitutional Union 40 47 Missouri 4 James Craig Democratic 1856 Incumbent lost renomination Democratic hold Y Elijah Hise Norton Democratic 62 30 John Scott Constitutional Union 37 70 Missouri 5 Samuel H Woodson Know Nothing 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic gain Y John William Reid Democratic 52 82 F T Mitchell Constitutional Union 47 18 Missouri 6 John S Phelps Democratic 1844 Incumbent re elected Y John S Phelps Democratic 48 92 J S Rains Constitutional Union 40 19 William C Price Democratic 10 89 Missouri 7 John W Noell Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John W Noell Democratic 73 45 David E Perryman Constitutional Union 26 55 Nebraska TerritorySee non voting delegates below Nevada TerritorySee non voting delegates below New HampshireNew Hampshire elected its members on March 12 1861 after the new term began but before Congress convened District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates New Hampshire 1 Gilman Marston Republican 1859 Incumbent re elected Y Gilman Marston Republican 52 86 Daniel Marcy Democratic 47 14 New Hampshire 2 Mason Tappan Republican 1855 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Edward H Rollins Republican 52 36 Samuel N Bell Democratic 47 64 New Hampshire 3 Thomas M Edwards Republican 1859 Incumbent re elected Y Thomas M Edwards Republican 54 23 Democratic 45 77 New JerseyNew Jersey its members on the November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates New Jersey 1 John T Nixon Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John T Nixon Republican 50 95 Joseph F Learning Democratic 49 05 New Jersey 2 John L N Stratton Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John L N Stratton Republican 52 77 Augustus Green Democratic 47 23 New Jersey 3 Garnett Adrain Anti Lecompton Democrat 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y William G Steele Democratic 55 17 Alexander Berthoud Republican 44 83 New Jersey 4 Jetur R Riggs Anti Lecompton Democrat 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y George T Cobb Democratic 52 63 Benjamin Edsell Republican 47 37 New Jersey 5 William Pennington Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y Nehemiah Perry Democratic 50 63 William Pennington Republican 49 37 New Mexico TerritorySee non voting delegates below New YorkNew York its members on the November 6 1860 Election Day District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates New York 1 Luther C Carter Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y Edward H Smith Democratic 52 78 Luther C Carter Republican 47 22 New York 2 James Humphrey Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y Moses F Odell Democratic 55 07 James Humphrey Republican 44 93 New York 3 Daniel Sickles Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Benjamin Wood Democratic 52 83 Amer J Williamson Republican 41 11 John Y Savage Ind Democratic 6 05 New York 4 Thomas J Barr Independent Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired Independent Democratic hold Y James Kerrigan Ind Democratic 41 30 Michael Tuomy Democratic 32 02 John Commerford Republican 26 68 New York 5 William B Maclay Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Republican gain Y William Wall Republican 41 00 Nelson Taylor Democratic 40 61 John Duffy Ind Democratic 18 39 New York 6 John Cochrane Democratic 1856 Incumbent lost renomination Republican gain Y Frederick A Conkling Republican 35 10 John Cochrane Ind Democratic 34 16 John W Chanler Democratic 30 74 New York 7 George Briggs Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic gain Y Elijah Ward Democratic 56 23 Augustus F Dow Republican 43 77 New York 8 Horace F Clark Anti Lecompton Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Isaac C Delaplaine Democratic 59 04 Abram Wakeman Republican 40 96 New York 9 John B Haskin Anti Lecompton Democratic 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Edward Haight Democratic 53 54 Thomas Nelson Republican 46 46 New York 10 Charles Van Wyck Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Charles Van Wyck Republican 50 45 Daniel B St John Democratic 49 55 New York 11 William S Kenyon Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic gain Y John B Steele Democratic 50 38 Peter H Silvester Republican 49 62 New York 12 Charles Lewis Beale Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Stephen Baker Republican 51 99 Ambrose Wager Democratic 46 34 John H Overheister Breckinridge Democratic 1 67 New York 13 Abram B Olin Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Abram B Olin Republican 51 13 Issac McConihe Democratic 48 87 New York 14 John H Reynolds Anti Lecompton Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Erastus Corning Democratic 51 85 Thomas W Olcott Republican 48 15 New York 15 James B McKean Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y James B McKean Republican 58 76 Emerson E Davis Democratic 41 24 New York 16 George W Palmer Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y William A Wheeler Republican 58 73 Augustus C Hand Democratic 41 27 New York 17 Francis E Spinner Republican 1854 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Socrates N Sherman Republican 68 39 Henry G Foote Democratic 31 61 New York 18 Clark B Cochrane Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Democratic gain Y Chauncey Vibbard Democratic 50 88 Simon H Mix Republican 49 12 New York 19 James H Graham Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Richard Franchot Republican 56 97 Lyman J Walworth Democratic 43 03 New York 20 Roscoe Conkling Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Roscoe Conkling Republican 58 28 De Witt C Grover Democratic 41 72 New York 21 R Holland Duell Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y R Holland Duell Republican 62 21 Simon C Hitchcock Democratic 21 94 Judson C Nelson Breckinridge Democratic 15 86 New York 22 M Lindley Lee Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y William E Lansing Republican 63 73 B Franklin Chapman Democratic 36 27 New York 23 Charles B Hoard Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Ambrose W Clark Republican 59 90 James F Starbuck Democratic 38 2 George C Sherman Breckinridge Democratic 1 90 New York 24 Charles B Sedgwick Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Charles B Sedgwick Republican 60 42 Lake Tefft Democratic 32 92 Luther Hay Breckinridge Democratic 6 67 New York 25 Martin Butterfield Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Theodore M Pomeroy Republican 64 46 William C Beardsley Democratic 35 54 New York 26 Emory B Pottle Republican 1856 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Jacob P Chamberlain Republican 58 26 John L Lewis Democratic 41 02 George N Clark Independent 0 72 New York 27 Alfred Wells Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Alexander S Diven Republican 57 20 Harvey A Dowe Democratic 42 80 New York 28 William Irvine Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Robert B Van Valkenburgh Republican 60 75 Charles C Walker Democratic 39 25 New York 29 Alfred Ely Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Alfred Ely Republican 59 41 Mortimer F Reynolds Democratic 40 59 New York 30 Augustus Frank Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Augustus Frank Republican 67 49 Martin F Robinson Democratic 32 51 New York 31 Edwin R Reynolds Republican 1860 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Burt Van Horn Republican 58 81 Phineas L Ely Democratic 39 94 Jonathan L Woods Breckinridge Democratic 1 26 New York 32 Elbridge G Spaulding Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Elbridge G Spaulding Republican 52 82 Solomon G Haven Democratic 47 18 New York 33 Reuben Fenton Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Reuben Fenton Republican 66 79 Charles H Lee Democratic 33 21 North CarolinaNorth Carolina seceded on May 20 1861 and did not elect members of the 37th Congress District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates North Carolina 1 William N H Smith Opposition 1859 Incumbent retired Opposition loss None North Carolina 2 Thomas H Ruffin Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired Democratic loss None North Carolina 3 Warren Winslow Democratic 1855 Incumbent retired Democratic loss None North Carolina 4 Lawrence O Bryan Branch Democratic 1855 Incumbent retired Democratic loss None North Carolina 5 John A Gilmer Opposition 1857 Incumbent retired Opposition loss None North Carolina 6 James M Leach Opposition 1859 Incumbent retired Opposition loss None North Carolina 7 F Burton Craige Democratic 1853 Incumbent retired Democratic loss None North Carolina 8 Zebulon Vance Democratic 1858 Special Incumbent retired Democratic loss None OhioDistrict Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Ohio 1 George H Pendleton Democratic 1856 Incumbent re elected Y George H Pendleton Democratic 48 87 Oliver M Spencer Republican 42 97 A E Jones Constitutional Union 8 16 Ohio 2 John A Gurley Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John A Gurley Republican 48 09 Alexander Long Democratic 43 08 John Scott Harrison Constitutional Union 8 83 Ohio 3 Clement Vallandigham Democratic 1858 Won contest Incumbent re elected Y Clement Vallandigham Democratic 50 16 Samuel Craighead Republican 49 55 Andrew McClary Unknown 0 29 Ohio 4 William Allen Democratic 1858 Incumbent re elected Y William Allen Democratic 51 73 James Hart Republican 48 27 Ohio 5 James M Ashley Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y James M Ashley Republican 52 29 James B Steedman Democratic 47 71 Ohio 6 William Howard Democratic 1858 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y Chilton A White Democratic 53 23 David H Murphy Republican 46 77 Ohio 7 Thomas Corwin Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Thomas Corwin Republican 69 95 William B Telfair Democratic 20 16 William Stokes Constitutional Union 9 89 Ohio 8 Benjamin Stanton Republican 1854 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Samuel Shellabarger Republican 57 55 James S Harrison Democratic 41 23 Edward P Fyffe Constitutional Union 1 22 Ohio 9 John Carey Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y Warren P Noble Democratic 51 12 John Carey Republican 48 88 Ohio 10 Carey A Trimble Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Carey Trimble Republican 51 26 Wells A Hutchins Democratic 48 74 Ohio 11 Charles D Martin Democratic 1858 Incumbent lost re election Republican gain Y Valentine B Horton Republican 51 49 Charles D Martin Democratic 48 52 Ohio 12 Samuel S Cox Democratic 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Samuel S Cox Democratic 51 69 Samuel Galloway Republican 47 54 Thomas Sparrow Unknown 0 77 Ohio 13 John Sherman Republican 1854 Incumbent re elected Y John Sherman Republican 57 16 Barnabas Burns Democratic 42 84 Ohio 14 Harrison G O Blake Republican Special Incumbent re elected Y Harrison G O Blake Republican 57 08 Charles D Prentiss Democratic 42 92 Ohio 15 William Helmick Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y Robert H Nugen Democratic 52 13 William Helmick Republican 47 87 Ohio 16 Cydnor B Tompkins Republican 1856 Incumbent lost renomination Republican hold Y William P Cutler Republican 50 19 Hugh J Jewett Democratic 49 81 Ohio 17 Thomas C Theaker Republican 1858 Incumbent lost re election Democratic gain Y James R Morris Democratic 51 00 Thomas C Theaker Republican 45 17 M J Glover Constitutional Union 3 83 Ohio 18 Sidney Edgerton Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y Sidney Edgerton Republican 58 29 David A Starkweather Democratic 41 71 Ohio 19 Edward Wade Republican 1852 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y Albert G Riddle Republican 69 06 Andrew J Williams Democratic 30 94 Ohio 20 John Hutchins Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John Hutchins Republican 71 97 David M Wilson Democratic 28 03 Ohio 21 John A Bingham Republican 1854 Incumbent re elected Y John A Bingham Republican 61 17 George Wells Democratic 33 71 J S Blakely Unknown 5 12 OregonPoorly coordinated state legislation created confusion As a result two elections were held in 1860 on June 4 won by George K Shiel and on November 6 won by Andrew J Thayer Thayer was seated March 4 1861 but Shiel contested the election On July 30 1861 the House Elections Committee seated the Shiel for the rest of the term ending March 3 1863 Both disputants were Democrats District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Oregon at large Lansing Stout Democratic 1858 Incumbent lost renomination New member elected June 4 1860 Democratic hold Winner successfully challenged the results of the other election and was seated July 30 1861 Y George Shiel Democratic 50 29 David Logan Republican 49 71 Incumbent lost renomination New member elected November 6 1860 Democratic hold Winner was initially seated but later lost election challenge Y Andrew J Thayer Democratic 96 44 George Shiel Democratic 3 08 Joseph Showalter Smith Unknown 0 47 PennsylvaniaPennsylvania elected its members on October 9 1860 District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Pennsylvania 1 Thomas B Florence Democratic 1848 Incumbent retired Democratic hold Y William E Lehman Democratic 44 98 John M Butler Republican 44 28 Edward King Constitutional Union 10 74 Pennsylvania 2 Edward J Morris Republican 1856 Incumbent re elected Y Edward J Morris Republican 46 61 John Broadhead Democratic 40 29 Henry M Fuller Constitutional Union 13 11 Pennsylvania 3 John P Verree Republican 1858 Incumbent re elected Y John P Verree Republican 49 07 John Kline Democratic 48 95 Henry M Hamilton Constitutional Union 1 97 Pennsylvania 4 William Millward Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y William D Kelley Republican 49 27 William Morgan Democratic 43 42 John B Robinson Constitutional Union 7 3 Pennsylvania 5 John Wood Republican 1858 Incumbent retired Republican hold Y William M Davis Republican 47 90 Harry Ingersoll Democratic 46 48 James Rittenhouse Constitutional Union 5 62 Pennsylvania 6 John Hickman Democratic 1856 Incumbent re elected under a new party Republican gain Y John Hickman Republican 55 97 John H Brinton Democratic 42 51 Frazier Smith Anti Lecompton Dem 1 52 Pennsylvania 7 Henry Clay Longnecker Republican 1858 Democratic gain Y Thomas Buchecker Cooper Democratic 50 33 Henry Clay Longnecker Republican 49 67 Pennsylvania 8 Jacob K McKenty Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired Democratic hold